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The Forming of Greek The Forming of Greek Civilization Civilization Chapter 2 Chapter 2

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Page 1: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

The Forming of Greek The Forming of Greek CivilizationCivilization

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Page 2: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

I.I. Crete and Early Greece Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)(ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)

A. Cretan CivilizationA. Cretan Civilization KnossosKnossos

1.1. King Minos and His PalaceKing Minos and His Palace Sir Arthur EvansSir Arthur Evans Palace of MinosPalace of Minos

2. Cretan Society and the Roles of Women2. Cretan Society and the Roles of Women Great MotherGreat Mother

22©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 3: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

33©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 4: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.1 Early Greece During Map 2.1 Early Greece During the Bronze Agethe Bronze Age

This map shows the areas in which Greek speakers settled between about 2000–1100 B.C. There was never a king or supreme ruler of the whole region, but rather rulers in the various cities. Which islands lay at the extreme boundaries of Greece, and where was Mycenae, where the Mycenaean culture originated?

44©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 5: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

I.I. Crete and Early Greece Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)(ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)

A. Cretan CivilizationA. Cretan Civilization3. A Cretan Empire?3. A Cretan Empire?

B.B. Crete and the Greeks Crete and the Greeks 1. Cretan Writing1. Cretan Writing

Linear ALinear A Linear BLinear B Michael VentrisMichael Ventris

55©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 6: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

I.I. Crete and Early Greece Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)(ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)

B. Crete and the GreeksB. Crete and the Greeks2.2. The Collapse of Cretan CivilizationThe Collapse of Cretan Civilization

Thera or Santorini earthquakeThera or Santorini earthquake

66©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 7: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

I.I. Crete and Early Greece Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)(ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)

C. Mycenaean Civilization C. Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.) (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)1.1. The City of MycenaeThe City of Mycenae

2. The Work of Heinrich Schliemann2. The Work of Heinrich Schliemann The graves at MycenaeThe graves at Mycenae

77©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 8: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

I.I. Crete and Early Greece Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)(ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)

C. Mycenaean CivilizationC. Mycenaean Civilization (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.) (ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)3. The Zenith of Mycenaean Power and 3. The Zenith of Mycenaean Power and

the Trojan Warthe Trojan War Treasury of AtreusTreasury of Atreus AgamemnonAgamemnon TroyTroy Homer’s Homer’s IliadIliad

88©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 9: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.2 Map 2.2 MycenaeMycenae

The most important city in Bronze Age Greece, Mycenae, was first settled on its citadel or Acropolis. As the population expanded, a lower town developed, also surrounded by a wall. Outside the town were terraced agricultural plots. Where was the palace of the king?

99©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 10: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

I.I. Crete and Early Greece Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)(ca. 3000-1100 B.C.)

C. Mycenaean Civilization C. Mycenaean Civilization

(ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)(ca. 1600-1100 B.C.)4. The Troy of Homer4. The Troy of Homer

5. The Decline of Mycenae5. The Decline of Mycenae Sea-peoplesSea-peoples Dorian GreeksDorian Greeks

6. The Dark Age6. The Dark Age

1010©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 11: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.3 Archaic & Classical Greece, Map 2.3 Archaic & Classical Greece, ca. 800-400 B.C.ca. 800-400 B.C.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1111

Four main dialects of the Greek language were spoken in the Greek world. Similarity of dialect could lead topolitical sympathy within the dialect group. Notice that Greeks never penetrated far into the Persian Empire.What was the most extreme reach of the Greek language to the north?

Page 12: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

II. The Greek Renaissance II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)(ca. 800-600 B.C.)

Polis/poleisPolis/poleis

A. Greek ReligionA. Greek Religion ZeusZeus ApolloApollo AphroditeAphrodite AthenaAthena ArtemisArtemis

1212©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 13: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

II. The Greek Renaissance II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)(ca. 800-600 B.C.)

A. Greek ReligionA. Greek Religion1. The Relationship of Greeks to Their 1. The Relationship of Greeks to Their

GodsGods AnthropomorphicAnthropomorphic Mount OlympusMount Olympus NemesisNemesis

2. Forms of Worship2. Forms of Worship No hierarchyNo hierarchy Delphic oracleDelphic oracle

1313©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 14: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

1414©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 15: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

II. The Greek Renaissance II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)(ca. 800-600 B.C.)

B. Public GamesB. Public Games Panhellenic gamesPanhellenic games OlympicsOlympics

C. Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)C. Colonization (ca. 750-550 B.C.)

1515©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 16: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.4 Greek Colonization, Map 2.4 Greek Colonization, ca. 750-550 B.C.ca. 750-550 B.C.

©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1616

Partly to seek trading partners, partly to solve the problem of excessive population, Greek cities sent outmany colonies in the Mediterranean and Black seas. Notice that all the colonial cities remained on thecoastlines. Which were the farthest Greek cities in east and west directions?

Page 17: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

II. The Greek Renaissance II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)(ca. 800-600 B.C.)

D. The AlphabetD. The Alphabet1. Origin of the Alphabet1. Origin of the Alphabet

PhoeniciansPhoenicians

2. The Alphabet and Greek Life2. The Alphabet and Greek Life

1717©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 18: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

II. The Greek Renaissance II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)(ca. 800-600 B.C.)

E. Archaic LiteratureE. Archaic Literature1. The Homeric Epics1. The Homeric Epics

IliadIliad AchillesAchilles HectorHector PatroclusPatroclus

OdysseyOdyssey OdysseusOdysseus

2. The Homeric Question2. The Homeric Question

1818©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 19: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

II. The Greek Renaissance II. The Greek Renaissance (ca. 800-600 B.C.)(ca. 800-600 B.C.)

E. Archaic LiteratureE. Archaic Literature3. Homeric Legends Far from Greece3. Homeric Legends Far from Greece

4. Hesoid4. Hesoid

5. Archilochus5. Archilochus

6. Sappho6. Sappho

1919©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 20: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

A. Organization and GovernmentA. Organization and Government AstuAstu Acropolis Acropolis

1. General Structure of the Polis1. General Structure of the Polis Agora Agora

2. Population of the Poleis2. Population of the Poleis Adult malesAdult males

2020©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 21: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

A. Organization and GovernmentA. Organization and Government3. Origins of Self-Government3. Origins of Self-Government

OligarchyOligarchy Monarchy Monarchy

4. Hoplites and Society4. Hoplites and Society

5. Tyrants and Tyranny5. Tyrants and Tyranny

6. Greek Armies6. Greek Armies PhalanxPhalanx

2121©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 22: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

B. The Economy of the Poleis B. The Economy of the Poleis

(ca. 700-400 B.C.)(ca. 700-400 B.C.)1. A Modest Lifestyle1. A Modest Lifestyle

AgricultureAgriculture Pasturage Pasturage

2. Coinage and Public Expenses2. Coinage and Public Expenses LydiaLydia DrachmaDrachma TaxationTaxation

2222©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 23: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

B. The Economy of the Poleis B. The Economy of the Poleis

(ca. 700-400 B.C.)(ca. 700-400 B.C.)3. Use of Slave Labor3. Use of Slave Labor

4. Industry4. Industry

2323©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 24: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)1. Early Sparta1. Early Sparta

MesseniaMessenia HelotsHelots LycurgusLycurgus

2. Sparta’s Government2. Sparta’s Government Assembly, elders, and ephorsAssembly, elders, and ephors ““Mixed” constitutionMixed” constitution Peloponnesian LeaguePeloponnesian League

2424©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 25: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)3. Men and Women in Spartan Society3. Men and Women in Spartan Society

4. Spartan Isolation4. Spartan Isolation

5. Early Athens5. Early Athens AtticaAttica ArchonsArchons AreopagusAreopagus AssemblyAssembly

2525©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 26: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

2626©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 27: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)6. Draco and Homicide Law6. Draco and Homicide Law

7. Crisis in the Athenian Economy7. Crisis in the Athenian Economy

8. Solon and Economic Reform8. Solon and Economic Reform

9. Solon’s Political Reforms9. Solon’s Political Reforms Four classes of citizensFour classes of citizens HeliaeaHeliaea

10. The Tyrant Pisistratus10. The Tyrant Pisistratus

2727©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 28: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.5 Classical Athens, Map 2.5 Classical Athens, ca. 400 B.C.ca. 400 B.C.

Athens became the largest Greek city in population and political importance. It also had the most impressivecollection of public buildings and temples, especially on the Acropolis or “high city.” The urban area wassurrounded by a wall. Where was the temple of Athena or Parthenon?

2828©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 29: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)C. Sparta and Athens (ca. 700-500 B.C.)11. Cleisthenes and 11. Cleisthenes and DemokratiaDemokratia

HippiasHippias BoulBouléé

12. The End of Regional Factions in Athens12. The End of Regional Factions in Athens DemeDeme and tribes and tribes

13. The Use of the Lot in Elections13. The Use of the Lot in Elections14. Ostracism14. Ostracism

2929©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 30: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

IV. The Challenge of PersiaIV. The Challenge of Persia

A. The Invasion Under Darius and A. The Invasion Under Darius and Marathon (490 B.C.)Marathon (490 B.C.) ““Ionian Revolt”Ionian Revolt” EretriaEretria

3030©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 31: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.6 First Persian War, 490 B.C.Map 2.6 First Persian War, 490 B.C.

The king of Persia sent an expedition against Eretria and Athens to punish them for their part in an attack onSardis. The battle of Marathon turned the Persian invasion back. On the way to Marathon, at which islands didthe Persian fleet stop?

3131©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 32: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

IV. The Challenge of PersiaIV. The Challenge of Persia

B. The Second Persian War B. The Second Persian War (480-479 B.C.)(480-479 B.C.)

1. Preparations for War1. Preparations for War XerxesXerxes TriremesTriremes ThemistoclesThemistocles

3232©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 33: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

Map 2.7 The Second Persian War, Map 2.7 The Second Persian War, 480-479 B.C.480-479 B.C.

Ten years after the first war, the Persians attacked Greece again. The Persian navy and army invaded in parallel routes. The critical battles were at the island of Salamis and at Plataea in Boeotia. Where is the island of Salamis? Note the canal cut through Mt. Athos in 492 B.C.

3333©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Page 34: The Forming of Greek Civilization Chapter 2. I. Crete and Early Greece (ca. 3000-1100 B.C.) A. Cretan Civilization  Knossos 1. King Minos and His Palace

IV. The Challenge of PersiaIV. The Challenge of Persia

B. The Second Persian WarB. The Second Persian War2. The Invasion of 480 and Thermopylae2. The Invasion of 480 and Thermopylae

LeonidasLeonidas

3. Themistocles and the Victory at Salamis3. Themistocles and the Victory at Salamis

4. The Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.)4. The Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.) PausaniasPausanias MycaleMycale

3434©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.