The First Americans OooooooooooAhhhhhhhhhh

Section 1- The Earliest Americans

These are people who study the remains of the past human life

They study cultures which are values, attitudes and customs of a group

The Archaeologist

The first Americans crossed a thousand mile wide bridge known as Beringia which connected North America to Alaska Most likely they were just following food

and herds of Caribou which is like a deer or a moose

The Beringia

The ICE AGE!!!

What is it?

The Oldest Site in the United States is……..

Nomads are people who do not live in one place They travel around These people were the ones that settled

America first Clovis Point

Over time, these individuals developed better tools

This was a shaved stone that was used to hunt

The Nomads

What happened to Beringia?

Can anyone guess? It melted…….

Section 2- People of Mesoamerica and South

AmericaLearning about the

Olmecs, Myans, Toltecs, Aztecs, Incas

These were a people who were the strongest early settlement We have learned a ton of stuff

They left us carved jade and stone Pillars, stone heads, figurines, pottery Even have hieroglyphics

Which is a system of writing

The Olmecs

Where they Lived

Statues

Architecture

Go to other powerpoint!!!!

Around AD 250 this huge civilization rose They were extremely intelligent and powerful

They built pyramids, sculptures Ruled for 600 years They were experts in astronomy

The study of space and the planets They were great architects

Builders

The Mayans (Quick facts)

Ruled from 1200 AD- 1521 They had a powerful military- armed forces They were builders

Built canals, bridges, roads, buildings They had artisans

A skilled worker

Aztecs

Began around 1200 CE Ruled southern Peru in south America Builders, lawmakers, warrior

Incas (quick facts)

Section 3The Southwestern People

Indians did not just live in Mesoamerica, they also lived in the Southwestern America.

Introduction

They began to live about 300 BCE They were around till 1000 CE

They lived in Arizona Build many irrigation canals

A system of watering crops that uses canals or ditches of water

They had spots and rituals - an action that takes place during a ceremony

The Hohokam

Mogollon

Began around 200 BCE Lived in Arizona and Southern New Mexico

Were farmers Build houses on bluffs, mesas (flat topped height),

or on high grounds Built underground "pit houses" that were the earliest

kivas- a large underground room used for ceremonies

They were the first southwestern people to make pottery

Began around 100 CE Arizona New Mexico Utah, Colorado

Grew corn and hunted

Chaco Canyon Anasazi

By 900 CE the main settlement was Chaco Canyon (Now North Central America)

Called "cliff dwellers" Dwellings (a home) were made of the same material as

the cliffs Farmers

Caught the water from the rainfall off the cliff They were religious (relating to a belief in a higher being)

They had ceremonies that helped with rain fall. Eventually drought cased them to leave their homes

Continued

They lived on the sides of high mesas in southwestern Colorado

Built thousands of dams on small streams Even build a stone-lined reservoir- a large

place used to store water It could hold almost two million gallons of

water

Mesa Verde Anasazi

Lived from 1100 to 1300 in Northwestern Arizona Masters of pottery and weaving

How they struggled There was warfare Drought

They moved to the Rio Grande

Kayenta Anasazi

They had descendants- one who comes from a group of people The Pueblos

One group of today's pueblos are the Hopi in Northwestern Arizona Hopi's are known for their kachina rituals

Katchina is the spirit of an ancestor

Continued

Why were the Hohokam able to farm dry land? They build miles of irrigation

Who were the first southwestern people to make pottery? The Mogollon

Which people were called "Cliff Dwellers" The Anasazi

How did the Mesa Verde Anasazi get water for farming? Building dams and reservoirs

How were the lifestyles of Hohokam, Mogllon, and Anasazi alike? All were farmers in what is today the southwestern united

states

Review

Section 4The Adena-Hopewell Mound Builders

700 BCE a group of Indians began building Burial mounds in the Ohio River Valley They were called the Adena

They also filled these mounds with tablets, tobacco (a plant that some people chew or smoke), and pipes

Introduction

Burial Mounds

Burial Mounds

Burial Mounds

They were direct descendants of the Adena Differences

They never built big cities like other Indians Their largest settlement only had 400 people

They build burial mounds in far greater detail

The Hopewell

The mounds They were built in shapes of animals

Snakes Lizards birds Panthers Even Humans

They also traded with settlements

Continued

Section 5The Mississippi, Plains, and Northwest

Civilizations

There was a discovery of burial grounds in the lower Mississippi River Valley Build as early as 4500 BCE. There were numerous settlements there People who lived in this area were among

the first known to have cultivated plants They would use barley for food

It was the most advanced civilization in eastern North America

Introduction

Near western Illinois, Middle Mississippians built Monks Mound at Cahokia It is very large

It was a major trade center for the Mississippians near the River 40,000 people lived there at one time

By 1500's it was nearly deserted though

What were the Cahokia and Moundville

There are many descendants of the Mississippians Cherokees are one

They still hold certain customs Green Corn Ceremony

Held Every year Iroquois

Believed to be descendants as well It was a large tribe Lived in the North West

Descendants of the Mississippians

The Plains Indians

They are nomadic and they settled as well They traveled but created villages as well

They were traders They adopted customs from the Hopewell

Pottery for instance Some tribes of Plains Indians

Hidatsa Mandan Pawnee

People’s of the Pacific Northwest

Began around AD 400 Included

Tlingit Haida Tsimshian Kwakiutl Nootka

They were known for their totem poles Tall colorful objects that had religious meaning to some

of these people Inuit and Eskimo

Definition the fact or condition of being accountable;

responsibility Synonyms

Responsibility Liability Answerability

Accountability!!!!