the final report of ugc minor research project a case …€¦ · and worldviews,...

1

A CASE STUDY ONECO-CRISIS AND HEALTH HAZARDS BASED

ON MALAYALAM NOVELS'ENMAKAJE' & 'AATHI'

THE FINAL REPORT OF UGC MINORRESEARCH PROJECT

Submitted toUNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

Submitted by

SHEEBA C.V.Assistant Professor

St. Thomas' College, (Autonomous)Thrissur.

2017

2

A CASE STUDY ONECO-CRISIS AND HEALTH HAZARDS BASED

ON MALAYALAM NOVELS'ENMAKAJE' & 'AATHI'

]mcn-ÿn-XnI]Xn-k-‘nbpwBtcm-Ky-]-iv\-ßfpw

"F≥a-I-sP', "BXn' F∂o t\mh-ep-Isfap≥\n-dpØn Hcp ]T\w

3

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the minor project entitle "A Case Study on

Eco Crisis and Health Hazards Based on Malayalam Novels

'Enmakaje' & 'Aathi''' submitted by Sheeba C.V, Assisstant

Professor, Department of Malayalam to the University Grants

Commission is a genuine work done by her under the financial

assistance and guidance of UGC, and is hereby approved for

submission.

Principal

St. Thomas' College (Autonomous)

Thrissur

4

PAPER PRESENTATIONS INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

1. Desi-International Folklore Conference Soil and Folk Culture:

Sacred Landscapes, Cultural Expressions and Worldviews from

22nd May to 23rd May 2015, at Thrissur, Kerala, India.

2. International conference on Science, Technology, Women

Studies, Business and Social Science-2016 organized by

International Multidisciplinary Research Foundation India from

3rd November to 5th November, 2016 at Goa.

PAPER PUBLICAITONS INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

1. Soil and Folk Culture: Sacred Landscapes, Cultural Expressions

and Worldviews, (DESI-International Folklore Conference)

Mannakam Mannum Samaskaravum

ISBN 819223145 P. 238-245.

PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

2. Proceedings of the International conference on Science,

Technology, Women Studies, Business and Social Science - 2016

ISBN 978-93-84124-71-7.

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PAPER PRESENTATIONS NATIONAL LEVEL

1. Two day UGC Sponsored National Seminar on Ecological

concepts i Literature, Nature and Politics organized Department

of Malayalam, St. Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda on 5, 6 August

2014.

2. National Seminar on (interdisciplinary) Eco aesthetics and

Literature organized by the Departments of Hindi, Malayalam and

English of Panampilly Memorial Government College, Chalakkudy

and sponsored by the Directorate of Collegiate Education,

Government of Kerala on 4 & 5 December 2014.

3. Two days National Seminar on Habitat Restoration and Butterfly

Conservation organised by Depatments of Zoology and Botony,

St. Mary's College, Thrissur & sponsered by K.S.C.S.T.E on

7th & 8th February 2017.

PAPER PUBLICAITON NATIONAL LEVEL

etude: A Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Special Inaugural

Edition on ECO AESTHETICS AND LITERATURE Published by

IQAC Panampilly Memorial Government College, Chalakkudy, Kerala.

ISSN: 2394-6482, p 78-82.

PROCEEDINGS NATIONAL LEVEL

Proceedings National Seminar on Habitat Restoration and

Butterfly Conservation - 2017. ISBN: 978-81-7255-083-7.

6

D≈-S°w

t]Pv

BapJw 7˛9

A≤ymbw H∂v ˛ ]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw 10˛24

A≤ymbw c≠v ˛ kmaq-lnI]iv\-ßƒ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ 25˛31

A≤ymbw aq∂v ˛ hnj-a-bamb "F≥a-I-sP' 32˛58

A≤ymbw \mev ˛ "BXn'bnse Pe-Po-hnXw 59˛70

D]-kw-lmcw 71˛72

\nK-a-\-ßƒ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ 73˛74

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ 75˛76

A\p-_‘w 77˛81

7

BapJw

]cn-ÿnXn F°m-eØpw kr„n-]-c-amb cN-\-Iƒ°v DuSpw ]mhpw

\¬Ip∂ thZn-bm-Wv. hn`n∂ `mh-ßƒ hfsc k¿Km-fl-I-ambn Bhn-

jvI-cn-°m\pw, Cu Bhn-jvI-c-W-Øn¬ A¤p-XIc-amb `mh-kw-th-Z-

\-ßƒ \S-Øm\pw Fgp-Øp-Im¿°v Ign™n- p-≠v. ]cn-jvIr-Xn-bpsS A]-

I-SIcamb hf¿®-bn¬, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI kzXzhpw X\n-abpw \„-s∏-Sp∂

BtKm-f-h-Xv°-c-W-Øns‚ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-]-Xn-

k‘nIƒ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p≠v. \Zn-Iƒ Fßpw hc-fp-∂p. aÆns‚

kzm`mhnI i‡n \in-°p-∂p. Bhm-k-hy-hÿ XI-cp-∂p. hnI-k-\-

Øns‚ t]cn¬ a\p-jy≥ \S-Øp∂ A]-Y-k-©m-c-ßfpw Ahs‚ AXn-

cp-I-S∂ B¿Øn-bp-amWv CØcw ]Xn-k-‘nIƒ°v Imc-Ww. Cu kXyw

Xncn-®-dn-bmsX Xs‚ e£y-ßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ah≥ hyK-X-Im- p-

∂p. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ ]h¿Ø-\ßƒ ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßsf am\n-°msX

sNbvXv Xo¿Øt∏mƒ ]Ir-Xn°v Xs‚ Hmtcm Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bnepw

IpSn-sIm-≈p∂ ssPh-Xmfw \„-s∏´p. ]IrXn Xo¿Øpw Ak-¥p-en-X-

am--bn-Øo¿∂p. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-\m-iw -am-\-h-cm-in-bpsS \miw Xs∂-bm-sW∂v

Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂, ]mcn-ÿnXnI ]iv\-ßsf°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w temI-

hym-]-I-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ "F≥a-I-sP', "BXn' F∂o

8

t\mh-ep-Isf ap≥\n-dpØn \S-Øp∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI BtcmKy]iv\-ßƒ

Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂ At\z-j-WØn\v Gsd ]k-‡n-bp-≠v.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambncn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ a\p-jy≥ AXns\ \nco-

£n-°m≥ km[n°pw-hn-[-Øn¬ AXn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. ]Ir-Xn-sb-∂m¬ a\p-jy\v Blcn®v Xo¿°p-hm-\p≈ taJ-e-

b√. adn-®v, a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ \nc-¥-c-kw-th-Z-\-Øns‚ B[m-

c-amWv. ]IrXnbn¬ a\p-jymkvXn-Xz-am-Wv ]Xn- -en-°p-∂Xv. -tem-Ihpw

Imehpw Ncn-Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw Hcp-t]mse kΩXn°p∂ H∂mWv tIc-

fob kmaq-lnI ]cn-k-c-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ Hcpa

AYhm tN¿®. tIc-f-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X-embn a‰p-≈-h¿ Is≠-Øp∂

]IrXn kuµ-cyhpw A\p-Iq-e-amb Imem-h-ÿbpw temI-cm-„-ßƒ°p-

ap-∂n¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ bi v Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂p. tIc-fob Kma-ß-fpsS

kuµ-cyhpw kvt\lhpw kwkvIm-chpw a‰p hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn-ep≈Xnt\-

°mƒ DZmØam-Wv. F∂m¬ ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn tIc-f-Øns‚ h¿Ø-am-

\-Po-hn-X-]-cn-kcw am‰-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. BtLm-

j-ß-fp-sSbpw D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw ]n∂mse ]mbp∂ Hcp P\X,

a\p-jy-\n¿ΩnX \cI-ßsf°pdn®v t_m[-hm∑mc-√. B[p-\n-I-Po-hn-X-k-

¶-ev]--ß-fn¬, temIw BtKm-f-Km-a-ambn Npcp-ßp∂ Ime-Øn¬ ]ptcm-K-a-

\-]-c-amb ho£-W-ß-fn¬t]mepw P\hn-cp-≤-amb Hcwihpw kzm¿∞-X-

bptSXmb Hcp CS-s]-Sepw kw -hn-°p-∂p≠v.

hyh-km-b-h¬°-cWw ^yqU¬ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-Isf am‰n-a-dn-®-tXm-

sSm∏w PmXn-a-X-Nn-¥-Iƒ°v AXo-X-amb \thm-∞m-\-aq-ey-ßfpw apdpsI

]nSn-®n-cp∂p. Cu \thm-∞m-\-]-ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS hf¿∂ tIc-fob kmaq-

9

ln-I-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]cn-kcw ]n∂oSv I≠Xv hymh-km-bnIamb apt∂-‰-am-

Wv. hyh-km-b-hn-πhw Bcw- n-®-tXm-Sp-IqSn Iebpw kwkvIm-chpw kmln-

Xyhpw I®h-SXmev]-cy-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v Iog-S-tß≠n h∂p. Irjnbpw

]mcºcy sXmgn¬ta-J-e-Ifpw D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS Dev]-∂-ß-fm-bn.

tIc-f-Øn¬ kw`-hn® ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw Zpc-¥-ßfpw

hmbn-°-s∏- Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-hn-[m-\sØ°pdn-®p≈ Bi-¶-Isf _e-s∏-

Sp-Øn-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. 1930˛¬ _nó-jp-Im¿ h\-\n-bawsIm≠p-h-∂-t∏mƒ

ac-ßsf sIń-∏n-Sn®p kacw sNbvX I¿j-Isc°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω-t]mepw

A¤p-X-amWv Ct∏mƒ. anØp-t]m-setbm sFXn-lyw-t]m-setbm Bbn

Xo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-Iƒ. kzmX¥yw e`n-®-Xn-\p-tijw hntZ-

in-Iƒ°v ]Icw Xt±-in-Iƒ Xs∂ ChnsS-bp≈ ]mh-s∏- -hsc ASn-a-I-fm-

°n. a\p-jys‚ AXym¿Øn lnwkm-fl-I-amb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv ssPh-

ssh-hn-[y-ta-J-e-bn¬ \S-Øn-b-Xv. Ign™ Zim-–-ß-fn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚

kaq-la-\- m-£nsb sRń-® tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Btcm-

Ky-]-iv\ßsf kmln-Xy-Øn-te°v Bhm-ln-s®-SpØ c≠v t\mh-ep-I-fmWv

Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßmSns‚ "F≥a-I-sP'bpw kmdm-tPm-k-^ns‚

"BXn'bpw. Cu ]_-‘-Øn¬ Cu c≠p t\mh-ep-I-fmWv ]tXy-I-ambn

]T-\-hn-j-b-am-°n-bn- p-≈-Xv. Cu c≠p-t\m-h-ep-Ifpw apt∂m v hbv°p-∂Xv

a\p-jys‚ Ahn-th-I-]q¿∆-amb CS-s]-S¬sIm≠v ]Ir-Xn°v kw`-hn®

am‰-ß-fmW.v CXn-eqsS \ΩpsS Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°pw ssPh-ssh-hn-

[y-Øn\pw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS coXn-Iƒ°pw kw -hn® hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ kmln-

Xy-Ønepw AXp-hgn Ncn-X-Ønepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw hcp-Ønb am‰-ß-

sf AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Fgp-Øp-Im¿ ian-°p-∂p≠v.

10

A≤ymbw H∂v

]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw

11

]T-\-hn-j-b-amb "F≥a-I-sP', "BXn' F∂o t\mh-ep-I-ƒ hniZoI-cn-

°p∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw q]-tZ-ihpw Btcm-Ky - B-hm-k-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw BWv

Cu ]T-\-Øn¬ apJy-ambpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn, BtcmKyw, Btcm-Ky-]-iv\-ßƒ

Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-tºmƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. aÆn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-s‚bpw \ne-

\nev]v AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]Ir-Xn-]m-T-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-XmWv bYm¿∞

]cn-ÿnXnkvt\lw. `qan a\p-jy-\p-th≠n amX-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂v Icp-Xp∂

AXn-k-¶o¿Æhpw AXn-hn-Nn-X-hp-amb ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-INn¥-bmWv F√m Zpc-

¥-ßƒ°pw Imc-Ww. Hmtcm IrXnbpw AXv cq]-s∏ v hcp∂ kmaq-ln-I-

bm-Ym¿∞y-ßfpsS IrXy-amb AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn¬

P\Iob ]Xn-tcm-[-k-a-c-Øns‚ Xoh-amb ]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ kmln-Xy-Øn-

tebv°v sIm≠p-h-∂-t∏m-gmWv "F≥a-IsP' F∂ t\mh¬ P\n-°p-∂-Xv.

]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Im[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ Xo£vW-amb \ne-hnfn G‰hpw kr„n-]-c-

ambn AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ Hcp t\mhemWn-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse Imk¿tImUv

Pn√-bnse G‰hpw hSt° A‰Øp≈ Hcp Kma-Øns‚ amXw IY-b√

Cu t\mh¬ hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. adn®v \m -dn-hp-Ifpw \mS≥ ]Xn-tcm-[-

X-¥-ß-fpw Fßs\ \njvI-cpWw C√m-bva-sN-bv-Xp F∂p-IqSn Cu IrXn

N¿® sNøp-∂p. Htc kabw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿsb XI¿°p∂

IrXn-a-cm-k-h-f-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Dev]m-Z\w h¿≤n-∏n°pIbpw F∂m¬

]Ir-Xnsb A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ \in-∏n-°pIbpw sNøp∂ kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS

IY-bmWv CXv. "Aan-tXm-ev]m-Z\w' F∂ D]t`mK-Xz-cbv°v Iq´p-

\n¬°p∂hcmWv Cu t\mh-ense A[n-Im-cn-h¿Kw. Ah¿°v tIƒ°m≥

km[n-°msX t]mIp-∂Xv aÆn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-s‚bpw \ne-hn-fn-bm-sW∂v

12

Cu t\mh¬ i‡-amb coXn-bn¬ ]d-™p-sh-bv°p-∂p. kmam-PyXzØns‚

BtKm-f-Xe-Ønep≈ hym]\w G‰hpw kr„n-]-c-ambn AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s∏´ DZm-l-cWw- Iq-Sn-bmWv Cu ]mcn-ÿn-XnI A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ NcnXw.

""]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ s]m°nƒs°mSn _‘w \ap°v ssPhhpw Bflo-

b-hp-amb Bh-iy-am-Wv. B[p-\n-I Im-eØv AXv tIhew Zriy-_-‘-ambn

Npcp-ßn-sb∂v ImWmw. kv]¿i-\-Øn-eq-sS, K‘-Øn-eq-sS, i≤-bn-eqsS

]Ir-Xnsb Adn-bp-tºmƒ ]IrXn \ap°v km¥z-\-ambn amdp∂p.''1

tIc-fhpw F≥tUm-kƒ^m\pw

tIc-f-Ønse I¿j-I¿°v IoS-\m-in-\n-sb-°p-dn®pw cmk-hfß-sf-°p-

dn®pw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb Adnhp sImSp-ØXv 1960 Ifn-ep-≠mb lcn-X-hn-π-h-

am-Wv. A°m-eØv Kh¨sa‚ v t\cn-´p-Xs∂ \nc-h[n IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw

cmk-h-fßfpw hn‰-gn-®p. Cu cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS \nb-¥-Wm-Xo-X-amb Hgp-

°n¬ Xmc-X-tay\ hne-Ip-d™ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ C¥y apX-emb aq∂mw-

InS cmPy-ß-fnse I¿j-I¿°v ]nb-s∏- -Xmbn amdn. cmk-h-f-ßƒ \ΩpsS

Im¿jn-I-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ A[:]X-\-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn hymJym-\n-°-

s∏-Sp-tºmgpw Aan-X-em- -hpw D-Xvv]m-Z\£a-Xbpw F√m-h-scbpw BI¿jn-

°p-∂p. ssPh-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-]-cn-ÿnXn ]h¿Ø\w F∂ coXn-bn¬ \n∂v

Irjn hyh-km-bambn hf-cp-∂-Xns‚ Bcw- -hpw CXn¬ \n∂p Is≠-Øm≥

Ign-bp-∂p.

""cmk-h-kvXp-°-fpsS IS-∂p-h-c-thmsS C∂v Irjn-bpsS `mjXs∂

BsI amdnt∏mbncn°p-∂p. Irjn Ffp-∏hpw thK-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-am-°m≥ C∂v

SmŒ¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. SmŒ¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ sNdnb s\√n-\-ßƒ

Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. Aßs\ ssl_nUv hnØp-Iƒ A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo-

13

cp-∂p. CØcw hnØp-Iƒ hf-c-W-sa-¶n¬ cmk-h-fhpw cmk-Io-S-\m-in-\n-

Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. IrjnbpsS hyh-km-b-h¬°-cWw Cusbmcp

NmIn-I-am-‰-sØ-bmWv kr„n-®-Xv.''2 CØ-c-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-

I-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]tXy-I-X-I-sf-Xs∂ cmk-h-f-ßfpw IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw am‰n-

°-f™ Ncn-X-am-Wv \-ap-°n∂v e`y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Pohn-°m-\p≈ a\p-jys‚ Ah-Imiw \„-s∏-Sp∂ NnX-amWv "F≥a-

IsP' F∂ t\mh-en¬ hnh-cn-°p∂ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Zpc-¥-w. Pn√m- -c-

W-IqSw \S-Øp∂ Incm-X-sIm-e-]m-XINcn-X-amWv F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ hgn

Imk¿tImUn¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv. temI-Øns‚ hnhn[`mK-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ amc-I-hnjw F¥p-sIm≠v

tIc-f-Ønse hS-°≥ Kma-amb F≥a-I-sPbn¬ amXw CX-b-[nIw ]iv\-

ßƒ hnXbv°p-∂p F∂ At\z-jWw Hcp henb kXy-Øn-te-°mWv hnc¬

Nq≠p-∂-Xv. F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Imk¿tImUn¬ amXw CXbpw hnj-

abamb ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Btcm-Ky-]-iv\-ßƒ°v Imc-W-am-bn- p-s≠-¶n¬ AXn-

\p-Im-c-Ww Cu amc-I-hnjw ChnsS sXfn-°p-∂ co-Xn-bm-Wv. ""πmt‚-j≥

tIm¿∏-td-j≥ Hm v tIcf (]n.-kn.-sI), 1976 apX¬ 2001 hsc F≥tUm-

kƒ^m≥ D]-tbm-Kn®p Gcn-b¬ kvt] \SØnbXv \nb-a-]-c-ambn ]men-

t°≠ AYhm \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-°p∂ F√m \nb-a-ß-sfbpw \·-ambn

Im‰n¬ ]d-Øn-s°m-≠mbncp∂p. C¥y≥ temtbgvkv tIm¨K-kv ssl-

t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ sImSpØ s]mXp-l¿Pn-bn¬ CXv hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v.

IoS-\m-in\n \nba (C≥sk-‰n-sskUv BŒv) a\p-k-cn®v Kh¨sa‚ v

AYhm C≥sk-‰n-sskUv t_m¿Uv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ DØ-chv A\p-k-

cn®v amXta Gcn-b¬ kvt] \S-Øm≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈q. P\-ßƒ Xma-kn-

14

°p∂ CS-ß-fn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Xfn-°p-tºmƒ 3 ao‰¿ Db-c-Øn¬

\n∂v amXta \S-Øm≥ ]mSp-≈q. Gcn-b¬ kvt] \-S-Øp∂ C\-ß-fn¬

P\-ßsf ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. InW¿, Pem-i-ßƒ, XÆo¿Ø-S-

ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h- aqSn-sb∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-b-Xn\v tijta Xfn-°m≥ ]mSp-

≈q. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp \n¿t±-ihpw ]men-°m-sX-bmWv ChnsS 25 h¿jw

XpS¿®-bmbn Gcn-b¬ kvt] \S-Øn-bXv. as‰mcp ][m-\-Imcyw 1991 apX¬

C≥sk-‰n-sskUv t_m¿Uns‚ `mKØv \n∂v \nb-a-]-c-amb DØ-c-hp-I-

sfm∂pw e`n-°m-sX-bmWv ]n.-kn.-sI. F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Xfn-®-Xv F∂m-

Wv''3. C°m-cyßfmemWv F≥tUmkƒ^m≥ Imk¿tImUv- CXbpw

]iv\-am-Im≥ Imc-Ww. C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\ ]Imcw Pohn-°m-\p≈ a\p-

jys‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ah\v \„-]-cn-lmcw e`n-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ign™ 35 h¿j-ambn `c-W-Iq-Shpw A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw

IqSn kr„n®psIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]Xn-k-‘nt°m Btcm-Ky-]-

iv-\ßƒt°m Bcpw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gs‰-Sp-°mØ ImgvN-bmWv tIc-fob

kaqlw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. amX-a-√, C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ Ccp-]-Øn-

sbm∂mw \º¿ ]Imcw Pohn-°m-\p≈ a\p-jys‚ Ah-Imiw [zwkn-°-

s∏-Sp-tºmƒ e`n-t°≠ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°p-ap-∂n¬ A[n-Imcn h¿Kw \n»-

–X ]men-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kzm¿∞-]-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ

D]-t`m-K-Xr-jvW-aqew Poh-s‚bpw aÆn-s‚bpw ]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw \ne-

\n-ev]n\v B[m-c-amb Pe-Øns‚ X\n-a-sbbpw hnip-≤n-sbbpw AkvXn-

XzsØ Xs∂bpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ `oI-c-Nn-X-amWv "BXn' F∂ t\mh-

15

en-eqsS kmdm-tPm-k v NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. `qan a\p-jys‚ kzm¿∞-Xbv°v

hgn-am-dp∂ NnXw t\mh-en¬ hmbn-°mw.

""BXn-bn-ep≈ B¿°pw Ahsc C„-a-√. _mPn-bpsS A∏\v Hgn-sI.

AXn\v thsd Imc-W-ap-≠v. BXn-bpsS ]Sn-™msd XmgØv Xºp-cms‚

sIm´n-en-cn-bv°p∂ ÿew sS‚p-Im¿ ssItb-dn. Ct∏mƒ AsXmcp "X¿°-

`qan'bmsW∂v s]m∑Wn ]d-bp-∂p. X¿°- q-an-sb-∂m¬ F¥m-sW∂v kn≤p-

hn\v Adn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Zn\-I-c≥ ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Xºp-cms‚ `qanbv°v

]´b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xºp-cm\v ]´bw Bh-iy-an√! s]s -s∂mcp Znh-k-

amWv Xºp-cms‚ ]q∏-c-Øn-°m- n¬ Hcp sS‚ v s]mßn-b-Xv. IdpØ IÆ-S-

sh® Hcmƒ Ahn-sS-sbms° Np‰n \S-∂p.

""\nß-fmcm? F¥m Imcyw'' BXn-bn-ep-≈-h¿ tNmZn-®p.

""Rm≥ Cu ÿe-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-\mWv.'' Abmƒ ]d-™p.

BXn-bn-ep-≈-h¿ Aº-c-∂p. At∏mƒ Xºp-cmt\m?

BXn-bnse G‰hpw Adn-hp-≈-bmƒ Zn\-I-c-\mWv (G-‰hpw s]m°w

IqSnb Bfpw Zn\-I-c≥ Xs∂!) Zn\-I-c≥ ]mgvhm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bm-dn-√.

""CXv Xºp-cm-\n-cn-°p∂ ÿe-am-Wv. FXtbm Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn, AX-

ß-s\-bmWv. CXn\v thsd DS-a-ÿ-cn√'' Zn\-I-c≥ ]d-™p.

""Fs‚ ssIbn¬ tcJ-bp≠v.''

IdpØ IÆ-S-°m-c≥ ]d-™p.

Zn\-I-c\pw s]m∑-Wnbpw BXn-tZ-i-Øns‚ Imc-W-h-cmb Ip™≥

Imc-W-hcpw IqSn hnt√-Pm-∏o-kn¬ t]mbn. BXn°p ]pd-ØmWv hnt√-Pm-

∏o-kv. Ah¿ IS-Øp-I-S∂v ]pd-Øp-t]m-bn hnhcw Xnc-°n. IdpØ IÆ-S-

°m-c≥ ]d-™Xv apgp-h≥ kXy-am-bn-cp-∂p. `qan Abm-fpsS t]cn¬ InS-

16

°p-∂p. AXn¬ Xºp-cm-\mWv ssItø‰w \S-Øn-bn- p-≈Xv. Zn\-I-c\pw s]m∑-

Wnbpw Ip™≥ Imc-W-hcpw \Sp-ßn-t∏m-bn. Ah¿°Xv hniz-kn-°m≥

Ign-™n-√. FXtbm Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn BXn-bnse P\-ßƒ°v AXv Xºp-

cm≥]-d-ºm-Wv. AhnsS Bcpw sImØp-Itbm Inf-bv°p-Itbm sNbvXn√.

X\nsb hoWp apf-bv°p∂ hnØp-Iƒ sNSn-bmbpw ac-ambpw hf¿∂v Xºp-

cms‚ sImń-en\p Np‰pw Hcp ImSp-≠m-bn. Imńse ÿncw ]m¿∏p-Im-cmb

Infn-Ifpw AÆm-d-°-Æ-∑mcpw ]mºp-Ifpw Ac-W-Ifpw Hm¥p-Ifpw Noho-

Sp-Ifpw sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂v tIdn-h-cp∂ Ba-Ifpw R≠p-I-fp-sam-s°-b-√msX

Bcpw B `qan-°-h-Imiw ]d™v tIń- n-√.''4

C∂sØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Irjnsb∂m¬ ]g-In-t∏mb Hcp kº-

ZmbamWv. F√mw Imip-sIm-≠p-t\Smw F∂mWv hymh-km-bnI bpK-Ønse

]pXnb hyh-lmc \nb-aw. At∏mƒ F¥n\v aÆn¬ ]Wn-bWw. aÆns\

kwc-£n-°-Ww. t\mh-ense Ipam-c≥ F∂ IYm-]mXw CØ-c-Øn¬ ]pXp-

X-e-ap-d-bpsS ]Xo-I-am-Wv. Ah≥ tNmZn-°p-∂p.

""ap∂q‰n Adp-]-Øn-b©p Znh-khpw sh≈-Øn¬ apßn-°n-S-∂m¬

F¥p In´pw?

Iptd s\√pw ao\pw I°bpw! \s√mcp hoSpt≠m? InS-°m≥ Iń-

ept≠m?

CSm-s\mcp \√ XpWn-bpt≠m?

Np´p-I-‰-b-√m-sX, cmXn-bn¬

Hcp hgn-hn-f°v Iqń-\pt≠m?

Ipam-c‚-Ω-bv°n-sXms° tI´m¬ Ien-hcpw. ""s\eØv \n°Sm sN°m''

Ipam-c‚Ω ]d-bpw.

17

Ipam-c‚Ω Xg-∏mb s\øp-I-bm-Wv. hoXn Ipd™ Afn-sIm≠v Acn-

In\v tNm∏pw ]®bpw Ic-sh®v an\p-k-ap≈ saØ-∏m-b. Ipamc‚—≥ Fcp-

asb tX®p-Ip-fn-∏n-bv°p-I-bm-Wv. Ipfn-I-gn™ ]øpw Œmhpw shbn-ep-sIm≠v

IdpI Xn∂p-∂p. F√m hoSp-I-fn-ep-sa-∂-t]mse Ipam-cs‚ ap‰-Øp≠v Hcp

sIm®v Bº¬°p-fw. AXn¬ ip≤-Pew. AXn¬ Bº¬ ]q-°ƒ! sNdp-ao-

\p-Iƒ! Ipam-c≥ sI´m≥t]m-Ip∂ s]Æv Ip™n-amXp hnd-Ip-]p-c-bpsS

hmXp-°-en-cp∂v ao≥ \∂m-°p-I-bm-Wv. hnd-Ip-]pc \ndsb DW-ßnb ]´,

NIn-cn, Nnc- , I≠-ens‚ Np≈n-Iƒ, Hme-°p-Sn-Iƒ. hnd-Ip-]p-c-bpsS aosX

Ipºfw Imbv®p InS-°p-∂p.

""ChnsS \n∂n v Imcy√y. s]md-Øbv°v IS∂m \√ h√ ]Wow In´pw.''

Ipamc≥ aq∂mtfm-Sp-ambn ]d™p. Ipam-c‚-Ωbv°v Ien h∂p. Ah¿

Afn Iodp∂ IØn-sb-SpØv ap‰-tØ-bvs°-dn-™p.

""F¥v ]m¥m≠m ]d-btW?''

Ipam-c≥ B IØn-sb-SpØv XmSnsNmdn-™p.

""F\nbv°√. \nß°m ]m¥v!''

""tae-\ßn ]Wn-Sv°m≥ hø! AXs∂!'' Ipam-c‚-—≥ ]d-™p.''5

Irjnsb kvt\ln-°mØ aÆn-s\bpw sh≈-sØbpw Adn-bmØ Ipam-

c≥ shdp-samcp IYm-]mXw amX-a-√, Ah≥ B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ ]Xo-

I-am-Wv. ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS i–-am-Wv.

""Ipamc‚-—\v amX-a-√, Ip™n-am-Xp-hn‚-—\pw tZjyw hcpw. aÆnepw

sh≈-Ønepw a\- -dn™v ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ sN°-\-√msX Ip™n-am-Xp-

hn‚-—≥ Ahsf sImSp-°n-√.

18

""F\nbv°v ]Øpw ]e-sXzm-∂p-ey. Htc HscÆw! AXn--\v≈Xm Fs‚

aÆpw sht≈mw. AsXms° th≠-t]mse t\m°n \S-Øm≥ Rm\-h-sf-]-

Tn-∏n-®n- v≠v. AXn\m Ah-f-s°mcv sXmW th≠-Xv. ]WnSvØv aÆv \∂m-

°-tWm-\-√m≠v Ahfv°vs∏m Hcv abn-tk v h∂n v F¥m Imcyw?''

Aßs\ ]d-bm-\p≈ Du‰w Ip™n-am-Xp-hns‚ A—-\p-≠v. Hmcv sh≈w

tIdo-´-√, shi¿∏v sh≈w hoWn-´mWv BXn-bnse sh≈-Øn\v ]pfn∏v

h∂-sX∂v hniz-knbv°p∂ Xe-ap-dbnse Bfm-Wv.''6

C\n AYhm aÆn¬ a\p-jy≥ ]Wn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Aan-X-amb

D¬∏m-Z-\-£-aX Xcp∂ IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw cmk-h-f-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-

XmbmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. Fgp-Øp-Im¿ AXv NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv lrZ-b-hy-Y-

tbm-sS-b-√msX hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ aÆn-s\bpw Pe-sØbpw kvt\ln-°p-∂-

h¿°v Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

""Rm≥ Irjn-s°-Xn-c-√. ]t£, Irjn-tbm-Ky-amb `qan-bn¬ thWw

Irjn sNøm-s\∂v F\n-°-dn-bmw.

""\nß-fm-WXv Irjn-tbm-Ky-a-√m-Xm-°n-bXv.''

Zn\-I-cs‚ i–w hy‡-hpw Dd-®-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p. Ipam-c≥ Hcp \nanjw

B sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ kq£n-®p-t\m-°n. Abm-fpsS apJw ]k-∂-am-bn. i–w

kuay-am-bn.

""F\nbv°v temI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw s\¬h-b-ep-Ifpw tKmX-

ºp-]m-S-ß-fp-≠v. hmg-tØm- -ß-fp-≠v. ao≥h-f¿Øp tIµ-ß-fp-≠v. ]®-°-

dn-tØm- -ßfpw ]g-tØm- -ß-fp-ap-≠v. Irjn\new \in-∏n-°pI F∂m¬ F¥m-

sW∂v F\n-°-dn-bmw. Ipe-sØm-gn¬ ssIhn- -h-\√ Rm≥. A\n-bm... ]t£,

amdn! coXn-I-sfms° amdn... Fs‚ Irjn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂v temI-Ønse

19

F√m ][m-\-s∏´ cmPy-ß-fn-te°pw Acnbpw tKmXºpw ap´bpw ]mepw

]g-hp-sams° Ib‰n Ab-°p-∂p-≠v. Rm≥ Irjn sNøp-∂Xv temI-Øn\p

apgp-h≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. Fs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn\v amXtam Fs‚ \mSn-\p-am-

Xtam th≠n-b√...''7

Irjn-°p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p∂p F∂ coXn-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Ipam-

c≥ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ aÆns‚ kzm`m-hnI KpW-ßƒ \in-∏n-°p∂ hn[-

Øn¬ I®-h-S-°-Æp-sIm≠v Irjnsb t\m°p-∂-h-\mWv. kz¥w em -Øn-

\p-th≠n Aan-X-amb cmk-h-f-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v Abmƒ ]Ir-Xnsb [zwkn-

°p-∂p.

""BIm-iw aps´ hf¿∂pt]mb alm-Irjn kwkvIr-Xn-sb-∏‰n Ipam-

c\v ]ns∂bpw ]eXpw ]d-bm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. BXn-bnse Zp¿_e lrZ-b-

ßƒ°v AsXm∂pw Xmßn-s√∂v Abmƒ hnNm-cn-®p. Abmƒ an≠m-Xn-

cp∂p.

""Rß-sfms° hfsc sNdnb PohnXw Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. A∂-∂sØ

A∏-Øn-\p-th-≠nbmWv Rßƒ Irjn sNøp-∂Xpw ao≥ ]nSn-°p-∂Xpw.

AXn\v Rßƒ°v aÆpw sh≈hpw D≠mtb ]‰q. KtW-i-kp-_-“-Wy-

Øns‚ \new hmßn \nßƒ aÆn´p \nI-Øm≥ XpS-ßn-b-tXm-sS-bmWv

Rß-fpsS PohnXw hgn-ap- n-b-Xv. \nßƒ henb Irjn-°m-c-\m-sW∂v ]d-

bp-∂p. Chn-sSbpw \nßƒs°-¥p-sIm≠v Irjn sNbvXp IqSm? hbepw

\o¿Ø-Shpw aÆn v Xq¿Øv \in-∏n-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?

""A\n-bm, Rms\mcp hyh-km-bn-bmWv. `qtem-I-Øns‚ AXn-cmWv

Fs‚ AXn-cv. a\p-jy≥ Nµ-\n¬ t]mbn-Øp-S-ßn-bn- p-≠v. Rm\pw t]mIpw

20

`qan-hm-ßm≥...''8 Irjnsb hyh-km-b-ambn ImWp∂p F∂-Xn\v hy‡-

amb DZml-c-W-amWv Ipam-cs‚ Cu hm°p-Iƒ.

]mc-ºcyIrjn-co-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn cmk-h-f-ßfpw IoS-

\m-in-\n-Ifpw Iam-Xo-X-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ \qX\ Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ a\p-

jys‚ \ne-\n-ev]ns\ Xs∂ tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-°p∂p F∂ \·-kXyw

Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠Xv C∂sØ P\-X-bpsS Bh-iy-am-Wv. aÆn\pw a\p-jy\pw

hntcm[amb CØcw hkvXp-°-fpsS D]-tbmKw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS- ssP-h-Xm-f-

amsI XI¿°p-∂p. temI-a-lm-bp-≤-ß-fm-Wv, P\-ßsf CØ-c-Øn-semcp

Irjn -co -Xn -bn -te°v FØn®sX∂v NcnXw Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p.

""bYm¿∞Øn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ AS-°-ap≈ apgp-h≥ cmk-Io-S-\m-in-

\n-I-fp-sSbpw NcnXw Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv temIØv hnhn[ kµ¿ -ß-fn¬ \S∂

bp≤-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- -Xm-Wv. bp≤-k-µ¿ -ß-fn¬ iXp-cm-Py-Ønse ]S-

bm-fn-Isf Iq -ambn sIms∂m-Sp-°m≥ th≠n hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-h-bm-Wv.

C∂v \mw IoS-\m-in-\n-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ an° cmk-h-kvXp-°-fpw. c≠mw-

tem-I-a-lmbp≤Øn\v tijw, ]pXn-sbmcp temI-bp-≤-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ

C√m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ, Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-®n-cp∂ Iº-\n-Iƒ h≥]-

Xn-k-‘n-bn-e-I-s∏-´p. Xß-fpsS D¬]-∂-ßƒ hn‰-gn-°m≥ Hcp ]pXnb

hn]Wn Is≠-tØ-≠Xv Ah¿°v \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ ]iv\-ambn amdn.

XpS¿∂mWv Im¿jn-I-cw-K-Øv IoS-\m-in-\nI-fpsS km[yX Ah¿ Xncn-®-dn-

bp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ A∂p-hsc bp≤-ap-J-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\mbn \n¿Ωn°-

s∏- n-cp∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ Irjn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ IoS-\m-

in-\n-I-fmbn thjw amdn \ap-°p-ap-ºn-se-Øn. lcn-X-hn-π-h-Øn-eqsS ]I¿∂p

21

In´nb Bi-b-ßƒ, I¿j-Isc hfsc Ffp-∏-Øn¬ IoS-\m-i-n\n-I-fpsS

D]t`m‡m-°-fm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNbvXp.''9

\o≠ ap∏-Xp-h¿j-tØmfw ]cn-ÿn-Xn°pth≠n XqenI ]S-hm-fm-°nb

Ih-bnXn kpK-X-Ip-amcn Fgp-Xp∂p ˛ ""Rm≥ Btem-Nn-°m-dp≠v, a\p-

jy≥ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ `qan-bpsS aI≥ Xs∂-bm-tWm-sb∂v. hfsc ]mSp-

s] v Rm≥ Hcp Xnbdn D≠m-°n-bn- p-≠v. Ch≥ GtXm Kl-Øn¬\n∂pw

ChnsS h∂p-s]-´-h≥. \ΩpsS ]gb IY-I-fnepw a‰pw ]d-bp-∂-t]mse

Fßp-\nt∂m ]pd-¥-≈-s∏- -h≥. kz¿§w Fhn-sStbm D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS

\n¬°m≥ A¿l-X-bn√ F∂p I≠m¬ Ahs\ Igp-Øn¬ ]nSn®p ]pd-¥-

≈pw. ChnsS h∂v GsX√mw hn[-Øn¬ NqjWw sNbvXp kpJn-°m≥

km[n-°p-tam, \in-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°ptam F∂-Xn-\-∏p-dw, Rm≥ Rm≥ F∂-

Xn-\-∏pdw thsd-sbm-∂n-√. as‰mcp PohnIfpw as‰mcp arKhpw Cß-s\-b-√-

t√m. Fßs\ Ch¿ amXw Cu ]cn-Wm-a-irw-J-e-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-NmSn?

]cn-Wm-a-irw-J-e-bpsS Hcp \o≠-IY \ap-°-dn-bmw. Bbn-c-am-bncw h¿j-

ß-fp-sS, tImSn-°-W-°n\p h¿j-ß-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ hnIm-k-sØ-∏-

‰nbpw AXv FhnsS hs∂-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw GsX√w Xc-Øn¬ AXn\v

Db¿®-Xm-gvN-I-fp-≠m-bn-c-\-∂p-sh∂pw GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ AXn\v Db¿®-

Xm-gvN-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw \ap-°-dn-bmw. imkvXw Hcp NnX-]-Sw-t]mse

apºn¬ hnS¿∂n- p-≠v. a\p-jy≥ amXw Ft¥ Cß-s\-bmbn? Hcp Pohnbpw

kz¥w Ip™pßsf sIm√p∂n√. Hcp Pohnbpw hnjw ]c-Øp-∂n-√. _em-

’wKw sNøp-∂n-√. Hcp Pohnbpw Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂n-√. Cu hn[-Øn-

ep≈ amc-Im-bp-[-ß-fp-≠m-°m\pw Iq -s°me sNøm\pw Hcp Pohnbpw Hcp-

ßp-∂n-√. Ch≥amXw Fßs\ Cu hn[-Øn¬? AXmWv Ch≥ `qan-bpsS

22

aI-\-s√∂pw Fhn-sS-\n-t∂m h∂ cm-£-kiniphmsW∂pw qan-tbmSv H´pw

Zb-bn-√m-Ø-h-\m-sW∂pw Rm≥ ]d-™-Xv. `qansb sIm√p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

Ch-\pw kzbw acn-°pIbmsW∂v kzbw-I-≠-dn-bm-\p≈ t_m[w-t]m-ep-an-

√m-Xm-bn-°-gn-™p.''10

hnI-k-\-k-¶-ev]-ß-fnepw hnI-k-\-t_m-[-ß-fnepw Np‰n-Xn-cn-bp∂ a\p-

jys‚ ]h¿Ø\-ßƒ ]Ir-Xn°v hcp∂ am‰-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Bcpw Xs∂

Nn¥m-Ip-e-c-√. F√m-hcpw DZm-ko-\-cm-Wv. kzm¿∞-Xbpw Xm≥t]m-cn-a-bpw-

amXw ssIap-X-emb a\p-jy≥ ]Ir-Xn°v F¥p-X-s∂-kw- -hn-®mepw Xm≥

X\nsb Cu qap-JØv \ne-\n¬°p-sa∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ \mw G‰hpw

\n m-c-ambn Icp-Xp∂ aÆn-cbpw ]£nIfpw Xh-f-Ifpw a‰pw Iq -tØmsS

A]-Xy-£-am-Ip∂ Np-‰p-]m-Sn¬ Xs‚ \ne-\n-ev]nepw ]iv\-ßƒ kw`-

hn°pw F∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-tX-bn-√. kpK-X-Ip-amcn XpS-cp∂p.

""a\p-jy-\n-hnsS Ah-km-\n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ bmsXmcp tZmj-hp-an√

F∂p hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcm-fmWv Rm≥. ]IrXn AXns‚ hgn°p t]mbvs°m-

≈pw. Cu `qan apgp-h≥ ho≠pw _‘-s∏-Sp-I-bpw Cu arK-ßfpw ]£n-

Ifpw Cg-P-¥p-°fpw F√mw kam-[m-\-ambn ChnsS Ign-™p-sIm-≈p-Ibpw

XΩn¬ Xn∂p-Ibpw sIm√p-I-bp-sams° sNøpw. AXn-s\ms° \nb-a-ß-

fp≠v. \nb-¥-W-ß-fp-≠v. hfsc hep-Xm-b -]-Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ap-≠v. AXn-\-\p-

k-cn-®mWv Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-s\-sb√mw ewLn-°p-∂-h≥, F√m-‰n-s\bpw

XI¿°p-∂-h≥, F√m-‰n-s\bpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥, F√m-‰nepw hnjw

Ie¿Øp-∂-h≥, F√m a\- p-I-fnepw hnjw Ie¿Øp-∂-h≥, kvt\lw

F∂ hm°p-t]mepw ad-∂p-t]m-b-h≥, Imcp-Wy-sa-∂-Xns‚, B¿Z-X-sb-∂-

Xns‚ A¿∞-sa-s¥-∂p-t]mepw Adn-bm-Ø-h≥, IÆp-Iƒ hc-≠p-t]m-b-

23

h≥, a\ v hc-≠p-t]m-b-h≥ Aß-s\-bp≈ a\p-jys\ \ap-°n∂v Bh-

iy-apt≠m? Bh-iy-an√ F∂p ]IrXn ]d-bp-hm-\p≈ ka-b-am-bn.

Atßm´p \oßp-I-bmWv F∂p imkvXhpw ap∂-dn-bn∏p X∂p-

Ign™p.''11 CØ-c-Øn¬ i‡-amb `mj-bn-eqsS Pohn-X-]-iv\-ßƒ,

a\p-jys‚ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ hgn kr„n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Btcm-

Ky-]-iv\-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Sn.-F-kv. Fen-b-‰ns‚ hcn-Iƒ CØ-

cpWØn¬, Gsd ]k-‡-amWv.

This is the way the world end

This is the way the world end

Not with the bang but with a whimper

\ap°v sNhn-tbm¿°pI...

`qan-bpsS sRcp-°-Øn-\mbv...

Ahƒ°p-th≠n i–-ap-b¿Ømw.

24

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. a[p-kq-Z-\≥, Pn, IYbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpw, Id‚ v _pIvkv, 2000, ]p. 37.

2. PbIpam¿ kn, "Hcp \mSv kz¥w P\-Xsb H‰n-sIm-SpØ hn[w',

]q∏mew keow, (FUn.), \c-I-Øn-te°p Xpd-°p∂ hmXn¬,

tkmfn-Um-cn‰n bqØv aqhvsa‚ v, tImgn-t°m-Sv, 2011, ]p. 52.

3. Bkn^v Aen sI, "ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Pohn-°m-\p≈ auen-Im-h-

Im-i-am-Wv', ]q∏mew keow, (FUn.), \c-I-Øn-te°p Xpd-°p∂

hmXn¬, tkmfn-Um-cn‰n bqØv aqhvsa‚ v, tImgn-t°m-Sv, 2011, ]p. 42.

4. tPmk v kmdm, BXn, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿, 2013, ]p. 11, 12.

5. A.-]p. ]p. 24.

6. A.-]p. ]p. 25.

7. A.-]p. ]p. 251.

8. A.-]p. ]p. 251.

9. Pb-Ip-am-¿, kn, "Hcp-\mSv kz¥w P\-Xsb H‰p-sIm-SpØ hn[w',

]q∏ew keow (F-Un.), F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ \c-I-Øn-te°p

Xpd-°p∂ hmXn¬, 2011, ]p. 51, 52.

10. kpK-X-Ip-amcn, "a\p-jy≥ `qanbpsS aI-\-√', F®n-°m\w kt¥mjv

(F-Un.), F≥a-IsP ]T-\-ßƒ, Id‚ v _pIvkv, 2010, ]p. 17˛18.

11. A.-]p. ]p. 19.

*****

25

A≤ymbw c≠v

kmaqlnI]iv\ßƒ kmlnXyØn¬

26

kmaq-ln-I]-iv\-ßƒ kmln-Xy-Øn\v A⁄m-X-a-√. tIc-fob ]cn-

k-c-Øp-\n∂v Btem-Nn-°p-tºmƒ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Im-eØv Dcp-hm-°-s∏´

\nc-h-[n I-hn-X-I-fpw I-Y-Ifpw \mS-I-ßfpw t\mh-ep-Ifpw IrXy-amb kmaq-

ln-I-N-cnXw kmln-Xy-Øn-eqsS AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v.

""\nb-Xm¿∞-Øn¬ t\mh¬ Ncn-X-a√; NcnXw t\mh-ep-a-√. F∂m¬,

hym]Im¿∞Øn¬ t\mh¬ Ncn-Xhpw NcnXw t\mh-ep-am-Ipw. C-Xp-Xs∂

sX√v H∂p-am‰n ]d-™m¬ t\mh¬ ]Xy-£-t\m-hepw ]tcm£ Ncn-X-hp-

am-Wv. AXp-t]mse NcnXw ]Xy-£-N-cn-Xhpw ]tcm-£-t\m-h-ep-am-Wv.

ImcWw Ncn-X-Øns‚ ZrIvkm-£n-b√ an°-t∏mgpw Ncn-X-Im-c≥. AXp-

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ncn-X-Im-c≥ Na-bv°p∂ NcnXw ZrIvkm£n hnh-c-Wtam

X’-ab kwt]-£-Wtam t]mse Xo¿Øpw kXy-k-‘tam hkvXp-\n-

jvTtam A√. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ t\mh-en-eqsS Bhn-jvIr-X-am-Ip∂ apgp-

h≥ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ßfpsSbpw t\cn- p≈ A\p- -h-ÿ-\√ Hcp t\mh-enÃpw.

AXns‚ A¿∞w Ncn-X-Ønepw t\mh-enepw A\p-am-\-ßƒ°pw k¶-ev]-

ßƒ°pw CS-ßƒ Ht -sd-bp-s≠-∂m-Wv. A°m-cy-Øn¬ c≠pw sFIy-s∏-

Sp∂p F∂p-amWv. ]ns∂ Ncn-X-Øn\pw t\mh-en\pw amX-a√ F¥n\pw

GXn\pw \n¬°m-s\mcp \nehpw \S-°m-s\mcp \mfpw IqSntb Xocq. ÿe-

-Im-e-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-ßfpw ]n≥_-e-ßfpw ]nSn-®p-]-‰n-s°mt≠ F¥pw

kw -hn°q F∂p-km-cw. ÿe-Im-e-ß-fm-Is´ Ncn-X-Øns‚ ÿmbn-bmb

AS-bm-f-ß-fp-am-Wv. At∏mƒ Ncn-X-Øn¬ t\mhepw t\mh-en¬ Ncn-Xhpw

A\n-hm-cy-km-∂n-≤y-am-ImsX hø. ]Xy-£-ambn -s√-¶n¬ ]tcm-£-am-bn-

s -¶nepw c≠pw c≠nepw Ie¿∂n-cn-°pw.''1

27

ae-bm-f-Ønse BZye£-W-bp‡ t\mh-emb Cµp-teJ A∂sØ

tIc-fob kaq-l-Øns‚ Hcp t\¿NnXw ImgvN-sh-bv°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Ønse

BZy-Ime -N-cnX t\mhepIfmb kn.-hn. cma≥]n-≈-bpsS "am¿Øm-WvU¿Ω'-

bnepw "[¿Ω-cm-P'bnepw "cma-cm-P-_-lp-Zq-dn'epw \nd™p \nev°p-∂Xv kmaq-

lnI kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-X-am-Wv. A[n-Im-c-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ hSw-h-en-I-

fm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ P\-Po-hnXw Xmdp-am-dm-°nb kmaq-lnI ]iv\-ßƒ

AXv hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn Xs∂ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. \thm-∞m-\-Im-e-L- -Ønse

XI-gn-bpsS "sNΩo≥', "Ib¿', tIi-h-tZ-hns‚ "HmS-bn¬\n∂v' XpS-ßnb

t\mh-ep-I-fpw, Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ "Zpc-hÿ', Nß-ºp-g-bpsS "hmg-°p-e' XpS-

ßnb Ihn-X-Ifpw kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-hbmWv. hb-

\m- n-te°p IpSn-tb-dn-]m¿Ø I¿j-I-cpsS ImTn-\y-ta-dnb Pohn-XsØ kaq-

l-Øn\p ap∂n¬ Xpd∂p ImWn® Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰°m-Sns‚ "hnj-I-\yI',

A∂v a\p-jy¿ A\p- -hn® ae-º-\n-t]m-ep≈ amc-I-tcm-K-ß-sfbpw ]Ir-

Xn-tbmSv ]S-sh´nbpw ka-c-k-s∏´pw PohnXw Icp-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h-cpsS IY

]d-bp-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ hnhn[]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ InkvXym-\n-

I-fpsS NnXw Cu t\mh-en¬ hy‡-am-Wv. Cw•o-jn-emWv Fgp-Xn-b-sX-

¶nepw _p°¿ss]kv t\Snb Acp-‘-XntdmbnbpsS "tKmUv Hm v kvamƒ

XnMvkpw', tIc-fob ]cn-k-c-ßsf kmln-Xy-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. CØ-

c-Øn¬ kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-Xhpw ]iv\-ßfpw F°m-eØpw kmln-Xy-Øn¬

]Xn- -en-°p-∂p≠v. F∂m¬ Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßm-Sns‚ "F≥a-IsP'

F∂ t\mh¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ hnj-Zp-c-¥sØ Hcp kmaq-ln-I-

]-iv\-amWv F∂ Ah-t_m-[-Øn-te°v temI-a-\-km-£nsb Iq´ns°m-≠p-

h-∂p. kmaq-ln-I-am-[y-a-ßƒ Cu ]iv\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp. am[y-a-ßƒ cm„o-

28

b-\n-e-\n-ev]n-s\bpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw tNmZyw sNøm-\p≈

Ah-k-c-am-°n. A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ Cc-Iƒ°v Fs¥-¶nepw

Xc-Øn-ep≈ klm-b-ßƒ FØn-°m≥ ]cn-ian-®p.

kmdm-tPm-k-^ns‚ "BXn' F∂ t\mhepw ]cn-ÿnXn kvXohm-Z-

Øns‚ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v ]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n°Wsa-∂p-X-s∂-bmWv ]d-™p-

h-bv°p-∂-Xv. \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]Ir-Xn-P-\y-amb kwkvImcw Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°m≥

Ah¿ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ km[y-X-Isf \ne-\n¿Øp∂ Alnw-k-bn-eq-∂nb

temI-I-asØ ]p\-cm-\-bn-°p∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv BXn-

bpsS ImX¬. temIw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Ihpw kvssXW-hp-amb aqey-ßsf Xncn-

®-dn-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS \ne-\n¬]v `oj-Wn-bn-em-Wv. `qan°pw

h\-Øn\pw Pe-Øn\pw taep≈ kvXobpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Ah-fpsS Adnhv

]nXr-tI-µn-Xhpw kzm¿∞m-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb hnI-k\w CsX√mw XpS-®p-\o-

°p-∂Xv BXn-bn¬ ImWmw.

\mK-cn-I-amb ÿe-cm-in-I-fn-e√ BXn- Hgp-In-∏-c-°p-∂-Xv. Pew BXn-

bnep≈hcpsS kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. 6 -amkw ao≥Ir-jnbpw 6 amkw s\¬Ir-

jnbpw Xcp∂ kar-≤n, Hgp°pw ]c-°epw XWp∏pw CS-I-e¿∂ Pe-kw-

kvIm-c-hp-ambn XmZmflyw ]m]n-°p∂ AXn¬ D∑m-Z-tØmsS ebn-°p∂

a\p-jy-cmWv BXn-bn-ep-≈-Xv.''2

]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°p≈ DØcw kvXoI-fpsS ssIøn-em-

sW∂pw Ah-cpsS kvssXW-aq-ey-ßfneqsS amX-amWv ]Ir-Xnsb Xncn-

®p-]n-Sn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-sb∂pw "BXn'sb∂ t\mh¬ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.

sh≈sØ Adn-bm\pw ip≤o-I-cn-°m\pw km[n-°p∂ \nch[n kvXoIsf

29

t\mh-en¬ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v. Imb¬ F∂ s]¨Ip´n X\n°p

\„-s∏´ _meyw Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv BXn-bnse XÆo¿Ø-S-ß-fn-eq-sS-

bm-Wv. ¿Øm-hns\ Gsd kvt\ln-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw PeØn\v h∂ Zpc¥w

I≠v `¿Ør- -h-\sØ Dt]-£n®v BXn-bnse Pe-k-ar-≤n-bn-te°v Xncn-®p-

h-cp∂ ssje-P, BXn-bnse sh≈w-t]mse ]cn-ip-≤-bmb Ip™n-amXp

Ch-sc√mw BXn-bnse Pehpw hmbphpw aÆpw aeo-a-k-am-Ip-∂-Xp-I≠v

]Xn-I-cn-®-h-cm-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ Ch-cpsS _‘-amWv AXn-\-hsc

]m]vX-cm-°n-b-Xv.

t\mh-en-eqsS Fgp-Øp-Imcn Ipdn-®n-Sp∂ hm°p-Iƒ FXtbm A¿∞-

h-Øm-Wv. ""Xn∑sb C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ Ign-shm∂pw F\n-°n-√. Xn∑

Aaq¿Ø-am-sbmcp kØ-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-cpsS a\- n¬ amXw P\n-°m\pw

hf-cm\pw Ign-bm\pw Hcp ]Xn- m-kw! a\- n¬ \n∂v ]nSn®p ]pd-Øn- m¬

AXv ]nS™p NØp-t]m-Ipw.''3

""Poh-s‚bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ka-kvX-taJ-e-Ifpw C∂v ]cn-ÿnXn

Nn¥bv°p hnj-b-am-Wv. Irjn-bn¬ ^p°p-thm° ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ ssPh-co-

Xn-Iƒ, Btcm-Ky-kw-c-£-W-Ønse ]Ir-Xym-\p-km-cn-bmb ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ,

`h-\-\n¿Ωm-W-Ønse t_°¿ ssÃ¬, Du¿tPm-ev]m-Z-\-Ønse _Z¬X-

¥-ßƒ, ]Zq-j-W-c-ln-X-amb hyh-km-b-ßƒ, BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Ønse

]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-X, hyhkmbSqdn-k-Øns‚ BLm-X-ßƒ, `£-W-io-e-ß-

fnse hyXn-bm-\w, Ptem-]-tbm-Kw, cmk-hn-ap-‡-h-kvX-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw

F∂n-ßs\ kqcy\p Xmsg-bp-≈-sX¥pw C∂v ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-√msX Nn¥n-°m-\m-hn-√. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-imkvXw

30

F√m imkvX-ß-fpsS AΩ-bmbpw ]cn-ÿnXn Z¿i\w Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS Z¿i-

\-ambpw ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p.

`qansb c£n-°p-hm-\p≈ ]W-h-a-¥-a-√, ]cn-ÿnXn Z¿i-\w. Pohs‚

\ne-\n-ev]n-\p≈ cP-X-tc-J-bm-W-Xv. qansb Bcpw c£n-t°-≠-Xn-√. ]IrXn

AXns‚ Ime-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ ]bmWw \nb-¥n-®p-sIm-≈pw. ]iv\w a\p-

jy-cp-sSbpw kky-N-cm-N-c-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-\n-ev]n-t‚-Xm-Wv. B[p-\nI]mcn-

ÿn-XnI]Xn-k‘n \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-ambn amX-a-√,

Bflo-b-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw hnj-a-b-am-°n-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-

emWv kmln-Xy-Ønepw lcn-X-am-sbmcp `mhp-I-Xz]-cnWmaw kw`-hn-°p-

∂Xv.''4

AXn-\m¬ ]IrXnbpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ At`-Zy-amb _‘w

\ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v a\p-jy≥ Pohn-°-Ww. ]Ir-Xn°v tZmj-I-c-amb

bmsXmcp ]h¿Ø-\-ßtfm hn[zw-k-I-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Itfm Ah≥ \S-

Ø-cp-Xv. At∏mƒ ]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ ]mc-kv]-cnI Xmfw

\ne-\n¿Øm≥ km[n-°pw.

31

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. apc-fo-Ir-jvW≥, "\K-c-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ \mƒh-gn-Iƒ', io[-c≥

F.-Fw, & Nn‰m-°q¬ Zo] (F-Un.), DucvIm-°p∂ s]sÆm-en-Iƒ,

kabw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, IÆq¿, ]p. 301.

2. tPmkv Pnk, "]mcn-ÿn-XnI kvXohm-Z-Øns‚ ka-Im-en-I-apJw

ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en¬', io[-c≥ F.-Fw, & Nn‰m-°q¬ Zo] (F-Un.),

DucvIm-°p∂ s]sÆm-en-Iƒ, kabw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, IÆq¿,

]p. 277.

3. tPmk v kmdm, BXn, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿, 2013, ]p. 275.

4. a[p-kq-Z-\≥, Pn. IYbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpw, Id‚ v _pIvkv, 2000,

t]. 15.

*****

32

A≤ymbw aq∂v

hnj-a-b-amb "F≥a-I-sP'

33

"F≥a-IsP' F∂ t\mh¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ hnj-ag kr„n®

]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]iv\-ß-sfbpw Btcm-Ky-]-iv\-ß-sf°pdn®pw hy‡-ambn

]d-bp-∂p. kpK-X-Ip-am-cn-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ IS-sa-Sp-Øm¬ ""Cu t\mh-en¬

F√m-ap-≠v. kaq-l-Øns‚ F√m hn[-Øn-ep≈ amen-\y-ßfpw Zp¿K-‘-ßfpw

Zp:Jßfpw ]m]-ßfpw kln-°m-\m-In-√. as‰√mw kln-°mw. Ip™p-ßƒ

A\p- -hn-°p∂ I„-∏mSv Hcp kaq-l-Øn\v Fß-s\-bmWv I≠n- pw I≠n-

s√∂p \Sn-°m≥ Ign-bpI? Xe hep-Xmbn tZlw hen-®p-In-S-°p∂ hnIr-

X-cq-]-ßƒ, tZlw apgp-h≥ ]pÆp-]n-Sn-®-h¿, _p≤n-am-µy-ap-≈-h¿, \mhv ]pd-

Øm-b-h¿, Cg-™p-\-S-°p-∂-h¿, tZlw Xf¿∂p-In-S-°p-∂-h¿, Ip™nte

\c® apSn-bp-ambn acn-°p∂ Ip™p-ßƒ. Cu hn[-Øn-ep≈ Ip™p-ßƒ

Hcp ÿeØv F¥p-sIm≠v CX-b-[nIw D≠m-Ip∂p F∂v Btem-Nn-°m\pw

thZ-\n-°m\pw AXn-\p-th≠n Fs¥¶nepw ]h¿Øn-°m\pw Ign-bmØ

Hcp kaq-lw. \ap-s°m-cp-]mSp hnZym- ym-k-ap-≠v. \qdp-i-X-am\w km£-c-X-

bp-≠v. \Ωƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂p `mhn-®n v Hc¿∞-hp-an-√. Bfl-l-Xy-

bn¬ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ ap∂n-em-sW∂v ]d-bp∂t]mse ]c-l-Xy-bnepw \Ωƒ

ap≥]-¥n-bn-emWv. kºq¿Æ-am-sbmcp lrZ-b-iq-\y-X-bmWv \Ωp-tS-Xv. Cu

hnjw, F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ ChnsS \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. k¿°m-cns‚

tbmKy-X-sIm-≠√ \m´p-Im-cpsS \nc-¥-c-amb ]Xn-tj-[-k-a-cw-sIm-≠mWv.

c≠p-X-hW Rm\-hnsS t]mbn´p≠v. Hcp XhW Fgp-Xn -bn -´p -≠v.

Rßƒs°ms° Chn-sS-bn-cp∂v hfsc°pdt® sNøm≥ Ign-™n- p-≈q F∂v

A]-cm-[-t_m-[-tØmsS a\- n-em-°p-∂p. F¶nepw Rm≥ Btem-Nn-°p-∂Xv

Aº-Xp-h¿jw, \qdp-h¿jw Ign-™mepw Cu hnjw B aÆv hn´p-t]m-Ip-

∂n-√-t√m. Fß-s\-bmWv AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv? FX Xe-apdIsf CXv

34

_m[n°pw? amhq-cn¬ P\n-°p-∂- Ip- n-Iƒ°v Iym≥k¿ F∂p]-d-™-t]mse

h≥InS apX-em-fn-am¿°v ]W-ap-≠m-°m≥th-≠n hnj-h-kvXp-°ƒ Cßs\

\n¿Ωn-°m≥, D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Chn-SsØ k¿°mcpw s]mfyq-

j≥ I¨tSmƒ t_m¿Upw Chn-SsØ Un∏m¿´p-sa‚p-Ifpw cm„o-b-t\-

Xm-°fpw F√m-hcpw FX \q‰m-≠pI-fpsS IÆp-\o-cmWv £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øp-

∂-Xv. IÆp-\o¿ Cßs\ Hgp-Ip-I-bmWv. Ah-km-\-an-√mØ Hgp-°m-Wv.''1

t\mh-ens‚ `q]-cn-kcw

1984 ¬ \ne-hn¬h∂ tIc-f-Øns‚ hS-°≥Pn-√-bmb Imk¿tImUnse

38 Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬s∏´ Hcp Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ t]cmWv F≥a-

IsP. ""tIc-f-Øn¬ G‰hpw Ah-km\w cq]w sIm≠ Pn√-bmb

Imk¿tImUv, kwÿm-\-Øns‚ hSt° A‰-ØmWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.

I∂S `mj-bp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kzm[o\w Cu Pn√-bpsS hS-

°≥]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Zriy-am-Wv. sX°v IÆq¿Pn-√bpw Ing°pw hS°pw

I¿Wm-S-Ihpw ]Sn-™mdv Ad-_n-°-S-ep-amWv AXn¿Øn-Iƒ. ssZh-ß-fpsS

\mSv Fs∂mcp hnfn-t]cpw Imk¿tImUv Pn√-bv°p≠v.''2 ""_n´ojv `c-W-

Øn¬ Z£n-W-I-∂U Pn√-bnse t_°¬ Xmeq-°n-emWv Imk¿tImUv

Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. t_mws_ ]kn-U≥kn-bn-embn h∂Xpw Pn√m 1862 ¬

aZmkv ]kn-U≥knbn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn. AtXm-sSm∏w Imk¿tImUv

Xmeq°v cq]-h-Xv°-cn-®p. tIcf ]nd-hn-tbmsS Imk¿tImUv tIcf kwÿm-

\-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn. 1957 ¬ Cu Xmeq-°nse Imk¿tImUv, tlmkvZp¿Kv

F∂n-ßs\ c≠mbn hn -Pn-®p. IÆq¿ Pn√-bn¬ Dƒs∏- n-cp∂ Cu Xmeq-

°p-Isf Dƒs∏-SpØn 1984˛emWv Imk¿tImUv Pn√ cq]-h-XvI-cn-®-Xv.''3

35

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]pg-Iƒ Hgp-Ip∂ Cu \m´n-emWv icn-bmb ap≥I-

cp-X-ep-Iƒ H∂pw Xs∂ FSp-°msX Gcn-b¬ kvt] \S-Øn-bXpw Hcp

P\-hn- m-KsØ apgp-h≥ IÆo-cn-em-gvØn-b-Xpw.

ae-bmf t\mh¬ Ncn-X-Øn¬ XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp cN-\m-

ssi-en-bmWv "F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥' F∂ sImSnb hnj-Øns‚ Zpcn-X-]q¿W-

amb ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Fgp -X-s∏´ "F≥-a -IsP' F∂ t\mh¬.

Imk¿tImUv Pn√bnse F≥a-IsP F∂ KmasØ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥

Ii-°n-sb-dn™ IY-bmWv io Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßmSv Kma-Øns‚

t]cv Xs∂ Xe-s°- mbn sImSpØ "F≥a-IsP' F∂ t\mh¬ NnXo-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. F≥aIsP F∂m¬ F´v kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-sS, F´p-`m-j-I-fpsS

CSw F∂mWv A¿∞w. ]ucm-Wn-I-Imew apX¬ hfsc IrXy-ambn ]d-

™m¬ c≠m-bncmam≠n\p apºp≈ Ncn-Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw BWv Cu

t\mh¬ i‡-ambn hc-®p-Im- p-∂-sX-¶nepw Cu t\mh¬ apt∂m- p-sh-bv°p∂

kmaq -ln -I-bm-Ym¿∞y-ßƒ ka-Im-enI kwkvIm-c -Ønepw Gsd

]k‡amWv.

A[n-Im-chpw AXym-K-lhpw apJ-ap-Z-bm-bn -Xo¿∂ temIØv \n∂v

ImSns‚ \∑-bn-te°pw Kplm-PohnX-Øns‚ GIm-¥Xbnte°pw kpc-£n-

X-Xz-Øn-te°pw aS-ßp∂ Cu t\mh-ense tIµ-I-Ym-]m-X-ßƒ A[n-Im-

c-sh-dn-I-sfbpw ZpcaqØ kmaq-ln-I-hy-h-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw FXn¿Øv ]Ir-Xn-

bn-te°v aS-ßp-∂-h-cm-Wv. t\mh-en-ep-S-\ofw apg-ßp∂Xv Ch-cpsS \n»-–-

amb ]Jym-]-\-am-Wv. AXv C]-Im-c-am-Wv. "F√m-h¿°pw tIƒ°Ww

F\n°v ]d-bm-\p≠v ][m-\-s∏´ Nne Imcy-ßƒ' kvXobpw ]pcp-j\pw

amX-a√ k¿∆-N-cm-N-c-ßfpw i≤m-ep-°-fm-bn.' t\mh-ens‚ Ah-km-\- m-

36

KØv Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-sh-bv°p∂ t\mh-en-Ãn\pw ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv F√m-hcpw

tIƒ°m\pw Adn-bm-\p-ap≈ Nne Imcy-ß-fmWv. s]m≈n-°p∂ hm°p-I-fn-

eqsS Ipdn-®n´ Nne shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ.

ImSns‚ \∑-bn-te°v aS-ßn-b-hsc Ahn-sSbpw kam-[m-\-Nn-Ø-cmbn

Ign-bm≥ Imew A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ Ime-L- -Øns‚ ]iv\-ß-fn-te°v

Cd-ßp-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ amen-\y-ß-fn-te°pw Zp¿K-‘-ßfnte°pw Cd-

ßm-\p≈ B¿P-hXzw Ah¿ Im-Sns‚ \∑-bn¬ \n∂mWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

hnIrXcq]n-I-fmb Ip™p-ß-fpsS P\\w PSm-[mco F∂ tZhs‚ tIm]-

am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn® Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ ap∂nte-°mWv Ah¿ FØn-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv.

]IrXn \nb-a-ßsf IW-°n-se-Sp-°mØ, F√m Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-

sfbpw XI¿°p∂ a\p-jys‚ ap∂n-te°v s]m´n-sbm-gp-Inb tIc-f-Øns‚

Hcp apdn-hmWv As√-¶n¬ XocmØ thZ-\-bmWv Imk¿t°mUv Pn√-bnse

F≥a-IsP F∂ Kmaw. Xpfp, I∂-U, D¿Zp, sIm¶nWn, adm-Øn, _ymcn,

Ad-_n, ae-bmfw F∂o `mj-I-fpsS ktΩ-f-\- q-an-bmb F≥a-IsP F∂

Kmaw `mjm-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ t]cntem hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS kwK-a-

`qan F∂ coXnbntem A√ C∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. adn®v hn\m-i-Im-cn-bmb

Hcp DK-hn-j-Øns‚ t]cn-emWv Cu Kmaw C∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. A„-

kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS IY-]-d-tb≠ Kmaw A„Zp:Jß-fpsS IY ]d-bp∂p.

hc-Zm-\-am-bn- e`n® Im‰pw shfn-®hpw sh≈hpw ImØp-kq-£n-°m≥

\¬Ip∂ ]IrXn \¬Ip∂ Htcm¿Ω°pdn-∏p-Iq-SnbmWv Cu t\mh¬.

πmt‚-j≥ tIm¿∏-td-js‚ \ncp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿W-amb s]cp-am-d-d-amWv Hcp

Kma-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ \∑-I-sfbpw H∂-S¶w X®p-S-®-Xv. IoS-\m-in\n Zpc-¥-

37

Øns‚ Cc-I-fm-b-h¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ Zpcn-X-]q¿W-amb PohnXw hc-®p-Im-

Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ t\mh-en-Ãv hnPbn®ncn-°p∂p.

F≥a-IsP Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v \„-s∏´ A„-ku- m-Ky-ßsf Is≠Øn

AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hcp iahpw F≥a-I-sP-bpsS A„Zp:Jßƒ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hcp ]nS-®n-epw t\mh-en¬ ImWmw. A„-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS

IY ]d-tb≠ Kmaw C∂v Ipdn-®n-Sp-∂Xv \„-ß-fpsS thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂ A\p-

`-h-ß-fmWv ˛ \„-ßƒ F∂m¬ hnj-a-b-amb Pe-tkm-X- p-Iƒ, \„-

amb kXy-]-Sn-Iƒ, aÆns‚ Ahÿm¥-c-ßƒ, XI¿∂p-t]mb Bhm-k-

hy-h-ÿ, C√m-bva-sN-ø-s∏´ ]Ir-Xn-k-º-Øv, hnI-e-am-°-s∏´ P∑ßƒ,

ssItamiw h∂ ssPh-k-º-Øv, ad-∂p-t]mb [m¿Ωn-IX F∂n-ß-s\-

bmWv.

hnj-abamb Pe-tkm-X- p-Iƒ

""F≥a-I-sP-bpsS apJy-amb khn-ti-jX F¥∂v? `qXhpw \mKhpw

`mjm ssUth-gvkn-‰n-bp-sa√mw c≠pw aq∂pw \mepw. H∂m-atØXv F¥∂v?

\oeIWvT≥ Adn-bn-s√∂v Xe-bmń

kz¥-amb I≠p-]n-SpØw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ BÀm-Z-tØmsS

iocma shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn.

AZv, Cu \mńs‚ Pe-kar≤n-bm-∂v. F≥a-IsP InW-dp-I-fn-√mØ

\mSm-Wv. kz¿§-Ønse ˛ s]sU-hn-t√-Pnse ˛ amXw Bbn-c-Øn-e-[nIw

kpc-¶-ß-fp-≠v. GXp-Im-eØpw hoń\v ap∂n-te°v sh≈w HgvIn shcpw.

CZv amX-a-√, Nmep-Iƒt]m-sebp≈ hm´¿t_mUokv Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v

38

thsd-bv≠v. AXvsIm-≠mWv Cu \mSv kz¿K Bb-Xv. sh≈-Øns‚ Ic-bn-

em∂v ]s≠√mw a\p-jy≥ Xma-kn-®-Xv''4

""Cu Pe-k-ar-≤n-bm∂v A\p-K-l-am∂v Cu \mńs\ kz¿K B°n-

bXv. CZv Xs∂ Cs∏m Cu \mńs\ \c-I-am-°v∂-Xpw.''5

tIc-f -Ønse G‰hpw henb ssPh-k-º-Ømbn Icp -Xp∂

Imk¿t°mUv Pn√-bnse Aøm-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw slŒ¿ `qan-bn¬ F≥tUm-

kƒ^m≥ hnX®v oIc Zpc¥amWv Cu t\mh-ens‚ IYm-X-¥p. s]mSn∏pw

sXmßepw a‰-e-¶m-c-ßfpw Hs° am‰n-sh®v `mj-bp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-

Øns‚bpw t\¿tc-Jm-NnXw AXmWv Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßm-Sns‚ "F≥-

a-IsP' F∂ t\mh¬.

""Imhns\ hew-h-bv°p-tºmƒ A∂m-Zy-ambn \oe-I-WvT≥ Hcp ImgvN

I≠p. Icn-bn-e-Ø-ń\pw thcp-Iƒ°p-an-S-bn-eq-sS, hen-sbmcp In≠n-

bn¬\n∂pw sh≈w Hgp-Ip-∂-hn[w Imhn¬ \n∂p ]pd-tØs°mcp \otcm´w.

inhs‚ PS-bn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ KwK-t]mse. \√ sXfn™ sh≈w.

ssI°p-ºn-fn-¬ tImcn-sb-SpØv Ccp-hcpw hb¿ \ndsb IpSn-®p.''6 F≥a-

IsPbnse Cu Pe-k-º-ØmWv Cu Kma-Øn¬ CXtbsd Zpc¥w hnX-

®Xv. ImcWw ap∏Xv h¿j-tØm-f-ambn slen-tIm-]vS¿ hgn BIm-i-Øv

sX-fn-°p∂ hnjw Chn-SpsØ Pe-k-ar-≤n-bn¬ hogp-∂p. iocma-bpsS

`mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ ""InW-dm-bn-cvs∂¶n aqSm-am-bn-cv∂p. ae-bnev hogp∂

shj-sa√mw Xm∂n‰v kpc-¶-Øn-eqsS Hgp-In-h∂v FØv∂vXv ap‰Øv. AXm

Cu \mńev CX PmkvXn tcmKn-Ifv.''7 Xpc-¶ß-fpsS \mSm-bn-cp∂p F≥a-

I-sP. Xpc-¶-ß-fn-eqsS Hgp-In-sb-Ønb sh≈-am-bn-cp∂p Cu \mSn-s‚bpw

\m´m-cp-sSbpw sFiz-cyhpw kar-≤n-bpw. CXmWv Cu \mSns\ kz¿K-am-°n-

39

b-Xv. ChnsS Bcpw InW¿ Ipgn-®n-cp-∂n-√. ImcWw kpcw-K-ß-fn-eqsS (Xp-

c-¶-ß-fn-eq-sS) ip≤-amb sh≈w Hcp P\-Xsb tXSn-sbØn. Ct∏mƒ Cu

sh≈-Øn-eqsS tcmKhpw Zpcn-Xhpw Chsc tXSn-sb-Øp-∂p.

""hoSns‚ he-Xp-h-iØv as‰mcp A¤p-X-°mgvN ImØn-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-

bn-cp∂p. ]ØSn \ofhpw hoXn-bp-ap≈ Hcp Ipfw. sh≈w \nd™v ]pd-

tØ°v Hgp-Ip-∂p-≠v. Ipgn-®p-≠m-°nb Ipf-a-√. Xd-bn¬ \n∂pw apI-fn-

te°v sIń-s∏m-°n-b-Xm-Wv. hoSn-\p-]n-∂n-ep≈ Xpc-¶-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hgp-In-

h-cp∂ sh≈w h∂p-ho-gp-∂Xv Ipf-Øn-em-Wv. th\¬°m-eØpw ap‰-tØ°v

sh≈w Hgp-In-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.

A∂v ]©n ]d-™Xv Abmƒ Hm¿an-®p. F≥a-IsP InW-dp-I-fn-√mØ

\mSm-Wv. F√m hoSp-I-tfmSpw tN¿∂v ae Xpc-∂p-≠m-°nb Ht∂m ct≠m

Xpc-¶-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. kpc¶w F∂mWv ChnsS F√m-hcpw ]d-bp-I.''8

ssItamiw h∂ kwkvImcw

""CX A[nIw `mj-Ifpw PmXn-Ifpw Xma-kn-°v∂ as‰mcp \mSv tIc-

f-Øn-ev≠m-hn-√. Xpfp-Xs∂ ChvsS aq∂p-\mep Xc-Øn-ev≠v. sIm¶nWn

aq∂p-X-c-Ønev an≠v∂-h-cv≠v. ]ns∂ adm-Tn, _ymcn, Ad-_n, D¿Zp, I∂-S,

ae-bmfw ˛ CX ssUth¿kn‰n temI-Øn¬ thsd FhnSow ImWn-√...

Xpfp acn® `mj-bm∂v ]dbpw. en]n C√mØ `mj-sb∂p ]dbpw... AXv

sX‰m-∂v. F≥a-IsP s]mXp-`mj Xpfp-hm-Wv. Bƒ°mcv ]e-`mj ]d-

™mepw ktèv H∂n®v IqSvtºm ]d-bv∂Xv Xpfp. Cu \mńse BZn-hm-

kn-I-fmb sImd-K-∑mcpw ap¥y PmXn-°m-cmb lhy°v _m“-Wcpw hońev

an≠v∂vXv Xpfp-hm-∂v. Xpfp-hn\v en]n D≠v. XpfpcmambWhpw Xpfp- m-c-X-

hp-sams° D≠v. Fs‚ ssIbnepw Ipsd Xpfp-K-Ÿ-ßfv D≠v.''9

40

F´p-tZ-h-I-fpsS \mSv F∂mWv F≥a-IsP F∂-]-Z-Øns‚ aqem¿∞w.

Xpfp- m-j-bn¬ \n∂p-h∂ Cu hm°v C∂v F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ sImSnb

hnj-Øns‚ ]I-c-°m-c-\m-bn-cn°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

"kXy-Øns‚ \mSv' F∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂ -F≥a-IsP Ak-Xy-Øn-s‚ -\m-Sm-

bnIgn™p-sh-∂pw, "kz¿K' F∂v t]cn´v hnfn-®n-cp∂ Kmaw \c-I-ambn

amdn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw temIsØ Adn-bn-°m-\p≈ Hcp-i-a-amWv

Cu t\m-h¬. PSm-[mcn F∂ ssZh-Øns‚ tIm]-am-Wv X-ß-fpsS Zpc-¥-

sa∂v Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p Cu \mSns‚ a°ƒ. F∂m¬ ]cn-ÿnXn

]h¿Ø-I-cpsS CS-s]-S¬sIm≠v ssZh-tIm-]-a√ a\pjyssZh-ß-fpsS AXn-

cp-I-S∂ kzm¿∞-X-bmWv Cu Ah-ÿbv°v Imc-W-sa∂v Ah¿ a\- n-

em°n.

tcmK-ßƒ°v ImcWw PSm-[m-cn-bpsS tIm]-amWv F∂v hniz-kn-°p∂

Kmao-W¿, Cu Adn-hn¬ \n∂v ap‡n ]m]n®v a\p-jys‚ Nne CS-s]-S-ep-

Iƒ Fßs\ kwkvIm-csØbpw ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Is≠-

Øp-∂p. ]Wn-sb-SpØv ]Ir-Xnsb kvt\ln-®v, Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp P\-Xbv°v

taemWv hnjag s]bvXn-d-ßn-b-Xv. PSm-[m-cnbpw Nph∂ ]´p-SpØ sXø-

ßfpw `mj-Ifpw kwkvIm-c-ßfpw iq\y-X-bn-te-bv°pw \mi-Øn-te°pw

ad-™p-t]m-bXv Cu hnjw aqew Xs∂. Ip∂p-I-fpsSbpw ]pen-a-S-I-fp-

sSbpw ImSp-I-fp-sSbpw \mSv Hcp Hm¿Ω-am-X-ambn Dd-ßn-In-S-°p-∂p. CX-

amXw kwkvIm-c-ßfpw PmXn-Ifpw `mj-Ifpw aX-ßfpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-

\-ßfpw hnizm-k-ßfpw A[n-\n-thiNcn-X-ßfpw D≈ as‰mcp ÿe-an√.

C∂v \n»-–-amb ]Ir-Xnbpw \njv -e-amb a\p-jy-P-∑-ßfpw ChnsS \nd-

™p-\n¬°p-∂p.

41

\„-amb kXy-∏-Sn-Iƒ

""Hcp ImeØv ssP\≥am-cpsS \mSm-bn-cp∂p F≥a-I-sP. k‘y-bm-

Ip-tºmsg Ah¿ `£Ww Ign®v InS-°p-a-tX. hnf°v IØn-®m¬ ]m‰-

Ifpw ]mWn-Ifpw hnf-°ns‚ Xobn¬ h∂p-hoWv NØp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-

°m≥...''10

""F≥a-I-sP -k-Xy-Øns‚ \mSm-bXv Cu ap\n-Ip-am-c≥ X] v sNøp-

∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-WsX. X] v apS-ßn-bm¬ kXyw Ipd-bp-a-sX... Cu \m´nev

]te-SØpw kXy-∏-Sn-I-fp≠v. ChnsS tXm´n-\-∏p-dØpw Hcp-km-°o-Pm¬ D≠v.

kXy-Øns‚ ]Xn-\mdv ]Sn-Iƒ... Rm≥ I≠n- n-√. \ap°v Hcp Znhkw AhnsS

t]mI-Ww...''11

]Ir-Xn-sbbpw a\p-jy-s\bpw Ah-\n-ep≈ \∑-I-sfbpw kzbw ad∂v

kvt\ln®hcmWv "F≥a-IsP'°m¿. t\mh-en¬ Hcp-]mSv t]sc AØ-c-

Øn¬ I≠p-ap- p∂p. ""ss]tk∂pw th≠∏m tIdo-t°mfo'' F∂p ]dbp∂

_kv I≠-Œdpw tUmŒ-dpw, iocm-a-bpw ]©nbpw F√mw Cu \∑-bp-sS

kXyØns‚ ]Xo-I-ßƒ Xs∂. F≥a-I-sP-bn-te°v IS-∂p-h∂ \oe-I-

WvT\pw tZh-bm-\nbpw a\p-jy-\n¬ kXysØ Is≠-Øn-b-h¿ Xs∂. ""\o

]d-bp∂ thZm-¥-Øns‚ A¿∞-sam∂pw F\n-°-dn-bn-√. ]t£, Hcp kXyw

F\n-°-dn-bmw. \obm-sWs∂ c£n-®-Xv. tNmc-hm¿∂v acn-°m≥ InS∂ Fs∂

DS-∏n-d-∂-ht\°mƒ kvt\l-tØmsS ipiq-jn-®Xpw \obm-Wv... \obm-sWs‚

kXyw. \obm-sWs‚ ssZhw''12 F∂v ]d-bp∂ tZh-bm\n kXyw a\p-jy-

\n-ep≈ \∑-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.

42

""Ahn-sS H‰ apdn-bp≈ sNdnb Bcm-[-\-em-bw. hmXn¬∏-Sn-bn¬ Hcp

`WvUmcw. ]c∂ ]mX-Ønepw Np‰pw NnX-dnb kvaw. AIØv Ipd-Ønbpw

Kpfn-I-\p-amWv `qX-ßƒ. aq∂p-sIm-√-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ `qXm- -ap-≠v. \ndsb

]p√p-Iƒ hf¿∂ sNdn-sbmcp ap‰w. \S-bpsS t\sc ap∂n¬, ap‰-Øn\p

shfn-bn¬ Ime-∏-g-°-ta-dnb I¬]-Shv Nq≠n ImWn®v kp∫-\m-bn°v

]d™p:

CXmWv kXy-∏-Sn.

Hcp ImeØv \m´nse henb X¿°-ßƒs°√mw ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-°nb

hnip-≤-ÿew. Cu ]Sn-bn¬ Ib-dn-\n∂v AkXyw ]d-™m¬ XncnsI

Poh-t\msS ]Sn-I-fn-d-ßn-√.''13

""H‰-t\m- -Øn¬ \oe-I-WvT\v t_m≤yam-bn. kXy-∏-Sn-Iƒ XI¿Øn-

´mWv tXmSns\ hgn-am‰n Hgp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

BcmWv XI¿ØXv?

F¥n-\m-bn-cn°pw?

GXp-Im-e-Øm-bn-cn°pw?

F√mw Ncn-X-Ønse Zpcq-l-X-I-fmbn Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. DØ-c-an-

√mØ tNmZy-ß-fm-bn.

F∂m¬ Hcp kXyw ad-hn-√msX I¨ap-∂n-ep≠v ˛ thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂

kXyw. F≥a-I-P-bnse kXy-Øns‚ Bcq-V-ÿm\w Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.

C\n B¿°pw ]Sn-I-fn-eqsS Ib-dn-t∏mbn kXy-Øn-\p ap-ºn¬ Ipºn-Sm-\m-

hn-√.''14

43

aÆns‚ Ah-ÿm-¥-c-ßƒ

""aesb Np‰n-sbm-gpIn hcp∂ tXmSns‚ adp-I-c-bn-se√mw Ihp-ßn¬

tXm- -ß-fm-Wv. tXm´n≥Ic-bn¬ ImWm-hp∂nStØmfw sNº-cØns®Sn-bpsS

Icn-º-®-th-en-Iƒ. BZy-ambn Kma-Øn-te°v h∂-t∏mgpw Ign™ Znhkß-

fn¬ tXm -ßfn-eqsS shdp-sX \-S-∂-t∏mgpw sNº-c-Øn-s®-Sn-Iƒ sh´n-sbm-

Xp-°n-bp-≠m-°nb then-Iƒ i≤-bn¬s∏- n-cp-∂p. ap≈p-th-en-Iƒ Fßpw

I≠-Xmbn \oe-I-WvT\v Hm¿Ω h∂n-√. CXv F≥a-I-sP-bpsS amXw khn-

ti-j-X-bm-Wv. ap≈p-I-fn-√mØ, Ft∏mgpw ]pjv]n-°p∂ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ.

bmXn-Is\ ap≈p-Iƒs°m≠v Ib-dn-∏n-Sn-°p-I-bn-√. A]-cn-Nn-X-\m-sW-¶nepw

hnS¿∂ ]q®n-cn-IƒsIm-≠v kzmKXw sNøpw''15

F∂m¬ C∂v hnS¿∂ ]q®n-cn-Iƒs°m-≠p≈ kzmKXw ad-™p-t]m-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIµ-I-Ym-]m-X-amb \oe-IWvT≥ Xs‚ A⁄mX-hm-k-Øn-

\p-tijw F≥a-IsP F∂ Kma-Øns‚ \„-s∏´ kar-≤n-bn-te°pw \∑-

bn-te°pw Cd-ßp∂ kµ¿ -Øn¬ aÆns\ ]cn-tim-[n-°m-s\m-cp-sº-Sp∂

Hcp cwK-ap-≠v. \oe-IWvTs‚ B[nbpw hym[nbpw t\mh-enÃv Ipdn-°p-

∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWvv. ""aÆn¬ shdpsX Ipgn®v t\m°n-bmtem? aÆn-c-sb-

¶nepw D≠m-hm-Xn-cn-°n-√. \\-hp≈ aÆv am¥m≥ \oe-I-Wv-T≥ Ip¥n-®n-

cp∂p. aÆn-te°v \o≠ ssI∏-Øn-Iƒ Abmƒ ]n≥h-en-®p. Hcp aÆn-

csbt∏mepw Is≠-Øm-\m-bn-s√-¶ntem? FWo‰v b-tØmsS Np‰pw t\m°n.

imJ-I-fn-√msX IpØs\ hf-cp∂ Ihp-ßp-Iƒ. H´pw Nmbvhp-I-fn-√m-sX,

]mc-kv]cyßfn-√msX Xp≈n hf-hp-Iƒt]m-ep-an-√m-sX... Ah-km-\n-°mØ

tIm∏n-h-cIƒt]mse Fßpw Htc \n¿hn-Im-c-X. Fs¥mcp amc-I-amb \n»-

–-Xbm-Wv.''16

44

k¿°m¿ kz¥w tXm -Øn¬ kz¥w ac-ßsf kwc£n°m\mbn Xfn®

hnjw a‰p sNSn-I-sfbpw aÆn-s\bpw Fßs\ _m[n®p F∂v t\m°m-sX-

bp≈ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw kwkvIr-Xn-sbbpw \in-∏n-®p.

aÆns\ Duj-c-am-°n, PesØ aen-\-am°n k¿∆-Po-h-Pm-e-ßfpw tcmKw

hcp-Ønb Cu IoS-\m-in\n k¿∆-kw-lm-cn-bm-b -Im-gvN-bmWv t\mh¬ hnh-

cn-°p-∂Xv.

A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ Hcp ap≥Ime NcnXw F≥a-I-sP-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p.

BZn-hmkn kaq-lsØ Iog-S°nb ioshm≈n _m“-W¿, taem-fs‚ Al-

¶m-c-tØmsS BZn-hm-kn-tZ-h-∑m-scbpw IpSn-bn-d-°n. ioshm≈n _m“-W¿°v

tij-ap-≠mb tIcfw πmt‚-j≥ tIm¿∏-td-js‚ A[n-\n-thiw B ]tZ-

isØ Irjn-`q-ansb H∂-S¶w ]d-¶n-am-hn¬ tXm´-ß-fm°n am‰n-bXpw

AXns\ kwc-£n-°m≥ IoS-\m-in-\n-bpsS kar-≤-amb D]-tbm-Khpw F≥a-

I-sP-bpsS Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿsb Xs∂ XI¿Øp-I-f-™p. Iip-am-hn≥tXm-

-Ønse tXbne sImXp-Ins\ \in-∏n-°m≥ sNbvX hnj-a-cp-∂p-]-tbmKw

tX\o®sbbpw ]pgp-°-sfbpw ]qºm-‰-I-sfbpw a’y-ß-sfbpw Xh-f-I-sfbpw

k¿∏-ß-sfbpw F√mw C√m-bva-sNbvXp. aÆpw Pehpw hnjab-am-bn.

Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬]n\v Bh-iy-amb ]c-kv]-cm-in-X-Xz-Øns‚ Nß-e-°-Æn-

Isf XI¿sØ-dn™ Cu hnj-ag henb Hcp ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Zpc-¥-Øn\v

Imc-W-am-bn.

C√mbva sNø-s∏´ ]IrXn hn -h-ßƒ

""tXm´n≥I-c-bn-eqsS \S-°p-tºmƒ Xmsg \n»–w Hgp-Ip∂ sh≈-

Øn-te°v t\m°n ]©n hmNm-e-\m-bn.

45

Cuev s\dsb ao\v≠mcv∂v ]≠v. s‚ A∏≥ hb-‰nev ko°mbv hcv∂-

t∏ymSv Cu sh≈w aq∂v \mev Imew IpSn-°m-º-d-bpw. sNmdn ]nSn-®-t∏ym-

tfmSv aq∂v \mfv apßn-°p-fn-°m-º-d-bpw. F√m ko°pw amdn-t∏m-bn-\v. Cut∏m

Rmº-d-b-en-√, IpSn-°m-\pw, Ipfn-°m\pw. ao\pw Xhfow samf-°mØ

sh≈t√''17

sNSn-I-sftbm, P¥p-Pm-e-ß-sftbm, hwi-\m-i-Øn-te°v X≈n-hn-Sm≥

a\p-jy\v A[n-Im-c-an-√. Ah-Im-i-an-√. kI-e-ar-K-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw kky-Pm-

e-ß-sfbpw kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ ZuXy-amWv Ah-\n¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. kºØv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ]Ir-Xn-bm-sW∂ kXyw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-

h-cmWv ]Ir-Xn-hn- -h-ßsf \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]qhpw I\nbpw, ]qºm-‰bpw

]mºp -Ifpw tXfp -Ifpw Ah-c -h -cp -tS -Xmb X\n -a -bn¬ kz—µw

hnlcn°ptºmgmWv Cu ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Xmfw \ne-\n¬°p-I, ]IrXn hn -

h-ßƒ kwc-£n-°-s∏-SpI. t\mh-en¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂ t«mIw a\p-

jy-a-\- p-I-fn¬ Ae-b-Sn-t°≠ H∂m-Wv.

"Zi-]ptXm ktam-hm]n

Zi-hm]o ktam-lrX:

ZilrX: ktam amXm

Zi-amXr ka Zmcp:'

AXm-bXv ]Øp ]pX-∑m¿°v ka-amWv Hcp Ipfw. ]Øp-Ip-f-ßƒ°v

Xpey-amWv Hcp XSm-Iw. ]Øp XSm-I-ßƒ°v Xpey-amWv AΩ. ]Øv AΩ-

am¿°v Xpey-amWv Hcp hr£w. C\n IW°p Iq´n t\m°q. ]Xn-\m-bncw

]pX-∑m¿°v ka-amWv Hcp hr£-sa∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sv FXtbm at\m-l-amb

Hcp ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Nn¥-bm-Wv.

46

Hmtcm Pohn°pw AXnt‚-Xmb ssPh-[¿Ω-ap-≠v. ]Xy£-Øn¬ D]-

Zhw F∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-h-IqSn ]tcm-£-am-bn a-\p-jy\v \∑ sNøp-∂-h-

bmWv. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂ -H-∂n-s\bpw C√mbva sNøm≥ a\p-jy\v Ah-Im-

i-an-√. ]q°p-e-I-fn¬ ]qt¥≥ C√m-ØXpw jUv]-Z-ßƒ A]-Xy-£-am-Ip-

∂-Xpw, sNSn-Iƒ C√m-Xm-Ip-∂Xpw P¥p-Pm-e-ßƒ hwi-\miw h∂v \in®v

t]mIp-∂Xpw a\p-jys‚ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS taep≈ IS-∂p-I-b-‰-Øns‚ ]cn-

WnXê-am-Ip-tºmƒ AXns\Xnsc AWn \nc-°p-hm≥ kIe kr„-]-]-

©-Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

hnI-e-am-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-P-∑-ßƒ

""Ct∏mƒ Np‰p-ap≈ hoń-se√mw hnNn-X-in-ip-°-fm-Wv. Xe hep-Xm-

Ip∂ Ipń-Iƒ... \mhv hep-Xm-Ip∂ Ipń-Iƒ... F\n-s°m∂pw a\- n-em-Ip-

∂n-√. PSm-[m-cn-bpsS tIm]-am-sW∂v F√m-hcpw kam-[m-\n-°p-∂p. C√.

F\n-°p-d-∏p-≠v. Hcp ssZh-hpw- Ip-™p-ß-tfmSv Cßs\ tIm]n-°n√.''18

\neØv Iodnb ]p¬∏m-b-bn¬ B s]Ïpń InS-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. hnNn-X-amb DS-tem-sS... icoctØ°mƒ henb Xe, hfsc sNdnb

ssIIm-ep-Iƒ...

BIm-iØp \n∂p-≠mb hnj-s]-bvØn-\p-tijw F≥a-IsP Hcp Zpc-

¥- q-an-bm-bn. ]nd-∂p-hoW Ip™p-ßfpsS cq]-ßƒ Akz-ÿ-X-I-fm-bn

a\:km£n-bp-≈-h-cpsS D≈n¬ \nd-™p-\n-∂p. t\mh-enÃv Xs∂ Xpd∂p

]d™p. A\yKl PohnI-sf-t∏mse hnNn-X-amb DS-ep-I-fp-ambn ]nd∂

Ip™p-ßsf ImWp-tºmƒ, Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ

A\p- -hn® Zp:Jw Hcp `mj-bnepw ]I¿Øm-\m-hp-I-bn√ F∂pw Hcp \ne-

hn-fn-sIm≠pw Af-°m-\m-hn√ F∂pw Adnbm-ambncp-∂p. DS-ens‚ Ccń

47

hen-∏-ap≈ Xe-bp≈, ]b¿h-≈n-t]mse t\¿Ø ssI°m-ep-I-fp-≈, \mhp-

]p-d-Ømb, IrjvW-aWn adn-™p-t]mb, aqX-k©n ico-c-Øn\p shfn-bn-

emb, hnc-ep-Iƒ \ocm-fn-bp-tS-Xp-t]mse t\¿Øp-Np-cp-≠p-t]m-b, icocw

\ndsb Ipcp-°ƒ s]m¥nb Ip™p-ß-fpsS alm-k-¶-SsØ Hcp mj-bnepw

hnh¿Ø\w sNøm-\m-hp-I-bn-√ F∂v. F∂n´pw t\mh-en¬ Ip™p-ß-fpsS

Zp:Jhpw thZ-\bpw I„-∏m-Sp-Ifpw J\o-`-hn®p InS-°p-∂p. a\p-jys‚

kzm¿∞-]-c-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ FX-sbX Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°mWv Pohn-°m-

\p≈ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \ntj-[n-®p-I-f-™-Xv. Ah-cpsS kz]v\-ßsf Icn-®p-

I-f-™-Xv.

ad-∂p-t]mb [m¿ΩnIX

""FX tImSn-bnepw hne-bn-Sm-\m-hmØ, ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-ß-fm¬ kar-

≤-am-b sImSpwImSv sh´n-sØ-fn-bn-®m-Wv- G-I-hn-f-bpsS Cu IrXn-a-°mSv

\n¿Ωn-®-Xv. Npcp°w ÿe-a√. F≥a-I-sP-bn¬ amXw Adp-\q-tdmfw slŒ¿!

F∂n-s´-¥p-≠mbn? kky-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp-sa√mw \in-®p.

Xpc-¶-ßƒ an°Xpw h‰n \mSp-\n-dsb tcmKn-I-fm-bn.''19 ""hmkvX-h-Øn¬

sshhn-[y-Øns‚ cm„o-b-sØ-bmWv GI-hn-f-kw-kvImcw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

BXy-¥n-I-amb e-sa-¥mWv? Zmcn-Zyhpw ]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥-ßfpw tcmK-ßfpw

amXw...''20

]Ir-Xnsb kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw ad∂ Hcp

Iq´w a\p-jy-cpsS a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X-amb ]h¿Ø-\hpw \ncp-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]-

c-amb s]cp-am-‰-ssi-en-bp-amWv ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw kwkvIm-c-sØ-bpw \-in-∏n-

°p∂Xv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb ]cn-K-Wn-°m-sX-bp≈ hn\n-a-b-ß-sf-bmtWm _p≤n-

bp≈ a\pjy≥ kwkvIm-cw, hf¿® F∂o kw⁄-Iƒ sIm≠v hnebn-cp-

48

Øp-∂-Xv F∂v Ahs‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ImWp-tºmƒ tXm∂n-t∏m-Ip-∂p.

[m¿Ωn-Im-[:-]-X-\-Øn-te-°v Iq-∏p-IpØns°m≠n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-cmin ]Xn-

I-cn-°m≥ a-Sn-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p. temI-cm-„-ßƒ apgp-h≥ \ncm-I-cn®

F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ IoS-\m-in-\nsb kzoI-cn® `c-Wm[nIm-cn-Iƒ

[m¿ΩnI a\:km£n \in-®p-t]m-b-h-cm-sW∂ kXyw Bi-¶-tbm-sS-bmWv

t\m°n ImWp-∂-Xv. F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ hnj-a-√, acp-∂m-Wv F∂v ]mh-

s∏´ P\-ßsf sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n°p∂ t\mh-ense t\Xmhv a\:km£n \in®

A[n-Imcn h¿K-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n Xs∂. a\p-jy-c-S-°-ap≈ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v

ac-W-Øn-te°pw imiz-X-amb tcmKm-h-ÿ-bn-te°pw t]mIm-\p≈ bmXm-

∏Sn \¬Ip∂ cm„o-b-t\-Xm-°ƒ [m¿Ωn-IX ad-∂-h-cmWvv. CØ-c-Øn¬

]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta¬ a\p-jy≥ Gev]n°p-∂ ASn-Iƒ ]Xn-∑-Sßv i‡n-

tbmsS Xncn-®-Sn-°p-sa∂ ]IrXn \nbaw Cu t\mh-en¬ DS-\ofw ]Xn- -

en-°p-∂p.

XI¿∂p-t]mb Bhm-k-hy-hÿ

""shenb k¿∏w. k¿∏-a-e-bnepw PSm-[m-cn-a-e-bnepw Hmtcm-t∂m≠v

F∂mWv C∂m-´nse hnizm-kw. ]ns∂m∂v PmwLo Kpl-bn-ev. BsI

aqs∂Æw. k¿∏-a-e-bnse iwJ-]m-e≥ BgvtN-semcv sZhkw Cu tXm -

Øn-eqsS t]mIq∂, Bƒ°mcv ]d-b-t∂. Rm\v I≠n-‰n-√.

Zo¿L-\n-izm-k-tØmsS \oe-I-WvT≥ ]d™p iwJ-]m-e-s\-sb-¶nepw

I≠m¬ aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p. Cu \n»-–-X-bmWv Fs∂ t]Sn-∏n-®-Xv. Hcp Pohn-

bp-sS- t]mepw H®-b-\-°-an-√. Hcp Infn-sbm-®-t]mepw Rm≥ tI´n-√.

49

Im°-t]m-ep-an√ F≥a-I-sP-bn-ev. h√-t∏mgpw A\y-\m- o\v Hcv Im°

hncv∂v h∂m-embn.''21

\ndsb Im°Ifpw Igp-I-∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ F≥a-IsP C∂v iq\y-

am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]IrXn kulr-Z-Km-a-am-bn-cp∂ F≥a-I-sP ]IrXnZpc¥ -

Km-a-am-bncn°p∂p. Im´nse tX\o® IqSp-Iƒ A]-Xy-£-am-b-Xn\p]n∂nepw

ao\pw Xh-f-bpw arK-ßfpw ]£n-Ifpw Im°Ifpw IS-∂p-h-cmØ Zn°mbn

F≥a-IsP amdn-b-Xn-\p-]n-∂nepw Cu hnj-ag Xs∂. XI¿∂ Bhm-k-hy-

hÿ Is≠-Øn-b-t∏mgpw \njvI-f-¶-amb KmaoW P\X Icp-Xn-bXv CXv

ssZh-tIm-]-am-sW-∂m-Wv. IoS-\m-in\n \n¿Ωm-Xm-°-fpsSbpw A[n-Im-cn-I-

fp-sSbpw kmº-Øn-I-em`w ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ Iq´p-sI-´p-Iƒ XI¿ØXv,

]IrXn hc-Zm-\-ambn \¬Inb Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿsbbmWv.

AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ \ne-hnfn

F≥a-I-sP-bnepw ]cn-k-c-]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw ap∏Xv h¿j-ß-tfm-f-ambn

Iipamhn≥tXm- -ß-fn¬ Xfn-°p∂ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ hnjw a\p-

jy-s\bpw Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw C√m-Xm-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ IY ]Ir-Xn-

bpsS AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ \ne-hn-fn-bm-Wv. "F≥aI-sP-bpsS kXyw' F∂

teJ-\-Øn¬ t\mh-enÃv Cßs\ Fgp-Xp∂p ""Akm-[m-c-W-amb \ni-–-

X-bmWv "F≥a-IsP' F∂ ]pXnb t\mh-ens‚ Bcw- -Ønepw Ah-km-\-

Øn-epw. F∂m¬ t\mh¬ \ne-hn-fn-bmWv F∂v F\n°v icn°pw t_m[y-

s∏- Xv "F≥a-I-sP'bpsS cN-\m-Im-e-Øm-Wv.'' AsX CsXmcp \ne-hn-fn-

bm-Wv. sNdpØv \n¬∏n-s‚bpw ]Xn-tcm-[-Øn-s‚bpw \ne-hn-fn. H∏w

XI¿°s∏´-h-cp-sSbpw. At±lw XpS¿s∂gp-Xp-∂p. ""Hcp kXy-ap≠v

F≥aIsP-bpsS Zp:Jw \ne-hn-ep≈ Hcp mj-bnepw hnh-cn-°m-\m-hp-I-bn√.

50

Hcp t\mhepw AXn\v aXn-bm-hp-I-bn-√. B Zp:JØn\v ]I-cw-sh-bv°m≥

Cu `qan-bn¬ as‰m-∂p-an-√.'' AtX CXv Ah-km-\n-°mØ Zp:Jam-Wv. aÆn-

s‚bpw a\p-jys‚bpw Ah-km-\n-°mØ \ne-hn-fn. HSp-ßmØ Ic-®n¬.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS IÆp\o¿!

]cn-jvIr-Xn-bp-sSbpw hnI-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw Zpc-¥-amWv F≥a-I-sP-bn¬

kw- -hn-°p-∂-Xv. \mK-cn-I-Xbpw hnI-k-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]cn-jvIm-c-ßfpw

kwkvIm-c-Ønepw kaq-l-Ønepw \nc-h[n \∑-Isf sIm≠p-h-∂n-´p-≠v.

AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ]Ir-Xnsb XI¿°p∂ AXns\ A-k-¥p-en-X-am-°p∂

\in-∏n-°p∂ \nc-h[n ]Xn-tem-a-hn-\m-ii-‡nIsfbpw ]cn-jvImcw a\p-

jy\v kΩm-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. CØ-c-Øn¬ ]cn-jvIr-Xn-bpsSbpw \n¿Zbamb

Nn¥m-iq-\y-X-bpsSbpw Cc-I-fmWv km[m-c-W-a\p-jy¿. a\p-jy-cn¬

hnizmkw \„-s∏- -Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy-sc-Im-Wm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Im´n¬ CSw tXSp∂

c≠v a\p-jy-cn-eqsS hfsc \mS-Io-b-ambn Bcw- n-°p∂ t\mh¬ ]n∂oSv

aÆn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-s‚bpw \ne-hn-fn-Iƒ°v DØcw \¬Ip∂ a\p-jysc

hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ `qan-I-bmbn amdp-∂-XmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. hnI-k\w hnj-a-

g-bmbv s]bvXn-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ AXv kΩm-\n-°p∂ A\o-Xnbpw AkaXzhpw

Ah¿ Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]c-kv]-cm-in-X-Xz-Øns‚ henb he-bn¬

\ne-\n¬°p∂ `qan-bnse Poh≥ Gsd tijvT-am-sW∂pw hne-s∏-´-Xm-

sW∂pw Cu t\mh¬ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. Cu ]c-kv]-cm-inXXz-Øns‚

IY ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-XmWv ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Zpc-¥-Øn\v ImcWw F∂ Xncn-

®-dnhv Cu t\mh¬ kΩm-\n-°p-∂p-≠v.

51

F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ F∂ hnj-ag

""hcm-¥-bpsS Ff-a-c-Øn¬ Pb-cm-P-\-cnsI h∂n-cp∂v tZh-bm\n

tNmZn®p:

""Cu IoS-\m-in\n Zh-cq-]-Øn-emtWm? Pb≥ I≠n- p-t≠m?''

""I≠n-´p-≠v. Xhn´v \nd-ap≈ Hcp-s]m-Sn. taen¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw

]‰n-t∏m-bm¬ sNma∂v XSn-®p-h-cpw. apdn-hn¬ ]pc-≠m¬ At∏mƒ t_m[-

t°-Sm-Ipw. Un.Un.-‰n. t]mse Hm¿Kt\m t¢mdn≥ hn`m-K-Øn¬s]-Sp∂ Hcp

IoS-\m-in-\n-bmWnXv. C -kƒ^m≥, F≥tUm-Ãm¿, F≥tUm-k¨, AtKm-

kƒ^m≥, _ms\-Pv kƒ^m≥, AKn-\-tcm kƒ^m≥, kntbm kƒ^m≥,

F≥tUm-sk¬, F≥tUm\n‰v, F≥tUm-an≥, ln¬Um≥, F≥tUm-Sm^v

XpSßn Aº-Xn-e-[nIw t]cp-I-fn-emWv C¥y-bn-enXv am¿°‰v sNøp-∂Xv.''22

bu∆\hpw kuµ-cyhpw XI¿°-s∏´ qan-bpsS \ne-hn-fn-bmWv Aw_n-

Im-kpX≥ amßmSv A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂-Xv. Imk¿t°mUv Kma-ß-fn¬

h¿j-ßƒ \o≠ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ ]tbmKw aÆns\ hnj-a-b-am°n

a\p-jysc alm-tcm-Kn-I-fm-°n. AΩ-bpsS kvt\lw Xs∂-bmb AΩn-™-

∏m-en¬ t]mepw Cu hnj-Øns‚ kzm[o\w Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Poh-

\n-√mØ Ah-ÿ-bnte°v t]mbn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ `qansb AXn¬\n∂v

c£n-°m-\p≈ [m¿Ωn-I-amb IS-∏mSv IqSn Cu t\mh¬ hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p∂p.

aÆn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ DXvIWvT a\p-jys\°pdn®pw IqSn-bp≈ DXvI-WvT-bmWv.

kr„nbpw XpS¿®bpw BK-ln-°p-∂-h-cn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ Akz-ÿ-X-bm-Wv.

kmº-Øn-I-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ c-W-Iq-Shpw aqe-[-\-i-‡n-I-fpw, hymh-

km-bnI kmam-Py-Xzhpw ASn-t®¬∏n-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wn-X- ew

Ak-am-[m-\hpw Ak-¥p-en-X-Xzhpw BsW∂v hcp-∂p. Ncn-X-Øn¬ CSw-

52

In- msX t]mb F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ ka-c-Øns‚ BZy-L- -amWv Cu IrXn-

bn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

F≥a-IsP F∂ Kmaw

]Ir-Xnsbbpw a\p-jy-s\bpw AI-a-gn™v kvt\ln-°p-∂-h-cmWv

F≥a-I-sP-Im¿. ac-ßfpw ImSp-Ifpw k¿∏-ßfpw b£n-Ifpw ]p√pw ]qhpw

]qºm-‰bpw F√mw Ch¿°v ]nb-s∏- -Xm-Wv. ""\mKm-cm-[-\bpw `qXm-cm-[-

\bpamWv F≥a-I-sP-bn¬ apJyw. \mKm-cm-[-\-bn¬ ]Ir-Xn-kw-c-£-W-

Øns‚ henb Hcp kwKXnbp≠v. [mcm-f-am-bp≈ Cu Imhp-Iƒ ssPh-

ssh-hn-[y-sØbpw sh≈sØbpw \∂mbn kwc-£n-°p-∂p. Imhp-Iƒ

Bcpw ssItb-dp-I-bn-√, acw apdn-°n-√. Hcp hnd-Ins‚ IjvWw-t]mepw

FSp-°n-√. AXmWv Chn-SpsØ coXn.''23

kXy-Øn-s‚bpw \∑-bp-sSbpw ]®-∏n-s‚bpw A„-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-

s‚bpw \mSv. CXp-t]mse G‰hpw A[nIw `mj-Ifpw PmXn-Ifpw Xma-kn-

°p∂ as‰mcp \mSv tIc-f-Øn-en-√. Xpfp, sIm¶n-Wn, adm-Tn, _ymcn, Ad-

_n, D¿Zp, I∂-S, ae-bmfw XpSßn F´n-e-[nIw `mjbpw kwkvIm-chpw

ChnsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. A[:ÿnXs‚ IÆo-cp-∏p-I-e¿∂ tXm‰-ßfmWv

F≥a-I-sP-bpsS as‰mcp ]tXy-I-X. Cu ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv Cu

\mSns\ ssPh- -kw-kvIm-c- `mjm sshhn-[y-Øns‚ t]cn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bXv.

F≥a-IsP ˛ Hcp t]mcm- -Øns‚ IY

Imk¿tImSv Pn√-bnse Iip-am-hn≥ tXm -ß-fn¬ F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥

kr„n® cmk-Zp-c-¥-ß-fpsS t\¿°v Hcp kaqlw Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xw-sIm≠v

53

\S-Ønb t]mcm-´-Øns‚ IY ia-I-c-amb Hcp Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]m-Wv.

Hcp \mSns‚, P\-X-bpsS, kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ \ne-\n-ev]ns\ Xs∂bpw Ań-

a-dn-°m≥ ian-®-h¿°v t\sc-bp≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-Øns‚ \ne-hn-fn.

F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ hncp-≤-t]m-cm- -ß-fnse bYm¿∞ IYm-]m-X-ß-

fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn t\mh-en¬ iocm-a- - v, tUm. AcpÏp-am¿, eoem-

Ip-am-cn-b-Ω, PbcmP≥ F∂n-h¿ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Ch-sc√mw a\- n¬ \∑-

bp-≈-hcpw ]®-∏p-≈-hcpw A]-cs‚ thZ-\-Iƒ°v t\sc sNhn Xpd°p∂-

h-cpambncp-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv tN¿∂v Pohn® Chn-SpsØ a-\p-jy¿ kXy-

Øn-\p-th≠n, \∑-bv°p-th-≠n, \ne-\n-ev]n-\p-th≠n ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p.

IoS-\m-in-\n-bpsS B]-XvI-c-amb hm¿Ø-I-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-amdn \S-

°p∂ `c-W-I¿Øm-hns‚ apºn¬ ]t£m- -Im-cn-Iƒ a\p-jy∏q°-f-sam-cp-

°p-∂Xv Poh-—-h-ß-fmb Cu _enbmSpI-sf-sh-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. AXv

t\cn¬I-≠n- p-t]mepw a\-k-en-bmØ t\Xmhv £p`n-X-\m-hp-∂Xv Cßs\:

F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ hnj-a-√, acp-∂mWv AtXm-Sp-IqSn a\p-jy-c-S-°-

ap≈ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v ac-W-Øn-te-°pw imiz-X-am-b tcm-Km-h-ÿ-bn-te°pw

Ipdn-∏Sn \evIp∂ Cu t\Xm-hns‚ cm„o-b-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn\v Iogn-ep≈ s]mXp-

ta-J-em-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ Dev]m-Z-\-X-¥-ßƒs°-Xnsc kacw i‡-am-°p∂p.

\oe-I-WvT\pw tZh-bm-\n-°psam∏w ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-\mb iocm-a\pw

PbcmP\pw tUm. AcpÏp-amdpw F≥a-I-sP-bnse \nk-lm-b-cmb a\p-

jycpw tN¿∂v \S-Øp∂ t]mcm´w tIhew ]mtZ-in-I-amb Hcp ]Xn-

tj[w amX-a-√. Cu `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°m-\p≈ GsXmcp a\p-jy-s‚bpw

Ah-Im-i-k-acw IqSn-bm-Wv.

54

""IpSn-sh-≈-Øn¬ amX-a√ AΩ-bpsS ape-∏m-en¬t]mepw hnjw

Ie¿Øm≥ aSn-°mØ BtKm-f-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒs°Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡amb

Xm°oXp IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv.''24

Cu t]mcm- -Øns‚, AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ IY ]mc-ÿn-Xn-I-amb c£-

bp-sSbpw t\´-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xo-£-bp-sSbpw apIp-f-ß-fmbn kaq-l-

a\:km£n-bn¬ sXfn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

aÆn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-s‚bpw \ne-hnfn

t\mh-enÃv Fgp-Xp∂p: ""A\yKlPo-hn-I-sf-t∏mse hnNn-X-amb DS-

ep-I-fp-ambn ]nd∂ Ip™p-ßsf ImWptºmƒ Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-

tfmSv kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ A\p- -hn® Zp:Jw Hcp `mj-bnepw ]I¿Øm-\m-

hp-I-bn√ F∂pw Hcp \ne-hn-fn-sIm≠pw Af-°m-\m-hp-I-bn√ F∂pw F\n-

°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p.''25 CØ-c-Øn¬ Af-°m-\m-hmØ ]I¿Øm-\m-hmØ

aÆn-s‚bpw a\-kn-s‚bpw \ne-hn-fn-bmWv "F≥a-IsP' F∂ t\mh¬

kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Hcp Zpc-¥-Im-hy-ambn Fgp-Xn-t®¿°-s∏- -Xv. P\-Io-bm-tcmKy-

]-ÿm-\-ßfpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-h¿ØIpw CS-s]´ Cu Zpc-¥- q-an-bn-tebv°v

FØn-t®¿∂v CXp Zpc-¥- q-ansb t\mh-ens‚ ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-

h-cnI F∂ ia-I-c-amb ZuXyw a\:km£n-bp-≈-h-cpsS a\- n¬ Hcp

DW¿Øp-]m- mbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. t\mh-ens‚ kmaq-ln-I-hy-h-ÿn-Xn-Iƒ

C∂sØ GXv ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-]-Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°pw t\sc ]nSn-®n-cn-°p∂

IÆm-Sn-bm-Wv.

F≥a-I-sP-bnse ]q¿∆n-I-cmb ssP\¿ Hcn-°epw k‘ym-t\-cØv

hnf°v IØn®ncp-∂n-√. cmXnsb `b-∂nt´m shfn®w Zp:Jsa∂v Icp-Xn-

55

bnt´m A√m-bn-cp∂p Cu A‘-Im-c-kzo-I-c-Ww. adn®v hnf-°p-I≠v BIr-

„-cmbn ]m™p-h-cp∂ ]mWn-Iƒ NØp-ho-gm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p Cu ap≥I-

cp-X¬. Cu aÆn-emWv a\p-jy-cpw arK-ßfpw Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw F√mw hnj-

a-g-tb‰v Icn-™p-t]m-b-Xv. F¶nepw Ah-cpsS kz]v\-ßtfm AXn-Po-h-\-

Øn-\p≈ BK-l-ßtfm Icn-™p-t]m-bn-√. ""F≥a-I-sP-bn¬ hnj-a-g-bpsS

]fbw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Poh-Pm-e-ßfn¬ tijn®h ChnsS A`bw tXSn

hkn-°pw... hnj-ag s]bvXp Xocp-∂-Xp-h-sc...''26 t\mh-ens‚ Ah-km-\- m-

KØv Kpl-\-S-Øp∂ ]Jym-]\w a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßƒ acn-®n- n√ F∂-Xns‚

sXfn-hm-Wv. t\mh-ense i–n-°p∂ Kpl a\p-jys‚ \∑-h-‰mØ a\- m-

Wv, Nn¥-bm-Wv, i–-am-Wv.

""s]s´∂v k©n De-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Kpl ]Xps° Nm©m-Sp-hm≥

XpS-ßn. Kpl-bpsS D≈n¬ hfsc D≈n¬ \£-Xw-t]mse Hcp shfn-®w

]Xy-£-s∏- p. BZ-chp Ie¿∂ kzc-Øn¬ Kpl ]d™p: ""Bcpw i–n-

°-cp-Xv.''

k¿∆-Po-h-Pm-e-ßfpw shfn®w I≠ Zn°n-te°v \ni-–-cmbn t\m°n.

BcmWv hcp-∂Xv?

s]m≥sh-fn®w kao-]-ÿ-am-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ ]pcp-j\pw kvXobpw

Xncn-®-dn-™p.

shfn-®-a√!

kz¿W-\n-d-ap-s≈mcp arK-am-Wv. D≈ns‚bp≈n¬ \n∂pw ]Xps° \S-

∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

kvXo ]d™p:

""t\m°q, AXv Hcp Igp-X-bm-Wv.''

56

B›-cy-tØmsS ]pcp-j≥ Xe-Ip-ep-°n.

""AtX Hcp Igp-X-bmWv.''

F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw ImW-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ Hcp henb ]md-°-

√nt∑¬ Ibdn \n∂p.''27

Kpl-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´ shfn®w \∑-bpsS shfn-®-am-Wv. Cu shfn-®-

tØm-S-Sp-°p-tºm-gmWv CXn\p Poh-\p-s≠∂v a\- n-em-hp-I. A\p-Zn\ hyh-

lm-c-ß-fn¬ \∑-bpsS Poh≥ \ap°p Is≠-Ømw. ]Ir-Xnsb tN¿Øp-]n-

Sn-°mw.

57

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. kpK-X-Ip-amcn, "a\p-jy≥ `qan-bpsS aI-\-√', F®n-°m\w kt¥mjv

(F-Un.), F≥a-IsP ]T-\-ßƒ, Id‚ v _pIvkv, 2010, ]p. 18, 19.

2. IrjvW-Ip-am¿, sI.-kn, tIcfw Pn√-I-fn-eq-sS, amXr-`qan _pIvkv,

tImgn-t°m-Sv, 2013, ]p. 208.

3. A.-]p. ]p. 209.

4. amßm-Sv, Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥, F≥a-I-sP, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw,

2010, ]p. 101.

5. A.-]p. ]p. 102.

6. A.-]p. ]p. 110.

7. A.-]p. ]p. 102.

8. A.-]p. ]p. 73.

9. A.-]p. ]p. 101.

10. A.-]p. ]p. 108.

11. A.-]p. ]p. 62.

12. A.-]p. ]p. 70.

13. A.-]p. ]p. 75.

14. A.-]p. ]p. 76.

15. A.-]p. ]p. 55.

16. A.-]p. ]p. 98.

17. A.-]p. ]p. 57.

18. A.-]p. ]p. 63.

19. A.-]p. ]p. 123

58

20. A.-]p. ]p.124

21. A.-]p. ]p.99.

22. A.-]p. ]p. 115.

23. A.-]p. ]p. 107.

24. KŸm-tem-Iw, Pqsse, 2010.

25. tXm¿® amknI, HtŒm-_¿˛\hw-_¿, 2009.

26. amßm-Sv, Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥, F≥a-I-sP, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw,

2010, ]p. 194.

27. A.-]p. ]p.194.

*****

59

A≤ymbw \mev

"BXn'bnse Pe-Po-hnXw

60

""BXnbpsS \mUnRcºpIƒt]mse Xeßpw hneßpw tXmSp-Iƒ,

Nmep-Iƒ, Ipf-ßƒ, Dd-h-Iƒ, InW-dp-Iƒ, sh≈w Xpfpºn sXdn-°p∂

hb-ep-Iƒ, G‰n-d-°-ßƒs°m≠v apdp-Ip-Ibpw Agn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂

XÆo¿Ø-S-ßƒ. Ipg-a-dn™ NXp-∏p-Iƒ.''1

""]pdw-tem-I-Øp-\n∂v Xosc H‰-s∏´v sh≈-s°´pw Nfnbpw NXp-∏p-

ambn InS-°p∂ ÿew! Np‰nepw sh≈w. sh≈-Øn¬ apßn \n¬°p∂

ImSp-Iƒ. sh≈-Øn¬ s]mßn-In-S-°p∂ Ic, Ing-°p-b¿∂v ]Sn-™mdp

Xmgv∂v ]ns∂ Fßpw sXmSmsX InS-°p∂ aq∂p sIm®p Xpcp-Øp-Iƒ.

F√mw IqSn-bm-bm¬ BXn-bm-bn. BXn°p Np‰pw Imb-em-Wv. then-tb-‰-

Øn¬ D∏p-sh≈w Ib-dn-h-cpw.

]Sn™msd Xmg-ØmWv IS-Øv. AhnsS Imb-en\v Bghpw ]c∏pw

IqSp-X-em-Wv. Agn-apJw hsc AX-ßs\ hnkvXr-X-ambn InS-°p-∂p. IS-

Øp-I-S-∂m¬ thsd Hcp temI-am-Wv.''2 Cßs\ BXn F∂ ]cn-ÿnXn

kulr-Z-Km-a-sØ at\m-l-c-amb hmMvabNn-X-ß-fn-eqsS t\mh-enÃv Ipdn-

®p-h-bv°p-∂p.

sshb-‡n-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb Bhn-jv°m-c-ßƒ°p-]-cn-bmbn

Ime-L- -Øns‚ ]iv\-ß-sfbpw a\p-jys‚ I¿Ω amen\y-ß-sfbpw \o°w

sNøm≥ a\-∏q¿∆w Xqen-I-sb∂ APøi‡n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h-cmWv Fgp-

Øp-Im¿. Po¿tÆm≥apJamb PohnX ]cn-tXm-h-ÿ-Iƒ kaq-l-a-[y-Ønepw

hy‡n-I-fnepw kwL¿jm-hÿ krjvSn-°p-tºmƒ am¿§Zo]-am-tI-≠Xv

A£-c-ßƒ Xs∂bmWv. `ua-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ Pohs‚ \ne-\nev]v Dd-∏p-h-

cp-tØ-≠-Xv a\p-jys‚ hnth-I-]q¿Æ-amb CS-s]-Sen-eq-sS-bmWv. ]cn-Wm-

a-Øn\pw ]ptcm-K-Xn--°p-ap≈ Xzc kl-P-am-Wv. F¶nepw Fßs\bmWv

]Ir-Xnsb NqjWw sNøm≥ a\p-jy\v km[n-°p-∂Xv? ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS

61

t]cn¬ a\p-jy≥ \S-Øp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ `qansb \in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂p. Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw tN¿Øp-]n-Sn-°m≥, ]q√nt\bpw ]qhn-s\bpw

kvt\ln-°m≥, sh≈hpw hmbphpw kwc-£n-°m≥ \sΩ- ]-Tn-∏n-°p∂p

kmdm- tPm-k- ns‚ "BXn' F∂- t\m-h¬. t\mh-enÃv Ipdn-®n-Sp-∂p. ao\p-

Isf ad-°-≠. sh≈-sØ-bpw. ImcWw G‰hpw kpµ-chpw G‰hpw

B]¬°-c-hp-amb IhnX Fgp-Xp-∂Xv sh≈-am-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-bn-te°v

aSßpI, ]Ir-Xnsb kvt\ln-°pI F∂ efn-X-amb Hcp apZmhmIyØns‚

G‰hpw Xo£Wamb Bhn-jv°c-W-amWv Cu t\mh¬.

""BXn F∂ t\mh¬ it≤-b-am-Ip-∂Xv AXns‚ kmt¶-Xn-

IXsIm≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. apdn-®p-am‰n hbv°-s∏´ 46 A≤ym-b-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw

D]m-Jym-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw IYbpw IY-bv°-IsØ IYbpw ]mÃojv cN-

\mkº-Zmbw Ah-ew-_n®v sshhn-[y-ta-dnb a‰p Iem-aq-ey-ap≈ cN-\-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw ISw-sIm≠v Ahsb BtLm-j-am°n am‰p-I-bmWv IYm-Imcn

Chn-sS. KZyhpw ]Zyhpw sNdp-I-Y-Ifpw \mS-Iob kw`m-j-W-ßfpw IØv,

]X-dn-t∏m¿´v XpS-ßn-bh AS-ßp∂ Hcp ImentUm-kvtIm-∏n°v am\w Cu

t\mh-en\v sImSp-°p-∂p. am¿t°mkns‚ IhnX, \q¿ apl-Ωns‚ kq^n

IY, KoXm-RvP-en-bnse ^vfmjv _m°v, amjv, sNº-cm-a≥, Zn\-I-c≥ XpS-

ßn-b-h-cpsS IY-Iƒ, \nXy-ssN-X-\y-b-Xn-bpsS IØv, ]Ømw tIc-f-\n-b-a-

k`m ]cn-ÿnXn kan-Xn-bpsS dnt∏m¿´v, tP¿W-enÃv Pn. \n¿Ω-e-bpsS

dnt∏m¿´v, sh‚n-tem-°n-°m-c-s‚bpw Ipc-ß-s‚bpw \¿Ω-kw-`m-jWw

Aaq¿Øamb Pe-Øs‚ GIm¥ kw`m-jWw XpSßn kºp-„-amb Hcp

kºq¿Æ-t\m-h-en-\p-th≠ kma-Kn-I-sfm-s°bpw BXn-bn¬ Hcp-°n-h-®n-

´p-≠v.''3

62

Ggp IYm-km-bm-”-ßfn¬ AΩbmb ]IrXnbpsSbpw, Ahƒ

a°fmb a\pjy¿°pth≠n Hcp°nb kºØp°sf Ipdn®v ]Tn∏n°p∂

IY]d®nepIm¿ PohnXsØ hn\ykn°p∂Xv Gsd Xo£WXtbmsS

bmWv BXnbnep≈hcpsS k¶Sßƒ°v aosX BizmkØns‚

tX∑gbmIm≥, PohnXØn\v IcpØpw ]Xo£bpw ]Icp∂

IY]d®nepIm¿. IYmcmhpIƒ BXnbnep≈hcpsS ]iv\ßƒ°v

]cnlmccmhpIfpamWv. F∂m¬ Ahkm\sØ AXmbXv GgmasØ

IYshdpw IY]d®n¬ amXambncp∂n√ AXv BXnbnep≈h¿°pth≠n,

BXnbpsS \ne\n¬]n\pth≠n Gsd hyKXtbmsS ]h¿Øn® Zn\Ics‚

PohnXIYmka¿∏Wambncp∂p. Zn\Ics‚ PohnXwsIms≠gpXnb Cu

IY BXn°v Hcp ]pXnb `mhpIXzw \¬Ip∂p. ]Xo£tbmsS BXn

AXns‚ PePohnXw XpScp∂p. \Ωƒ D≠m-°p∂ Agp-°p-Iƒ \Ωƒ

Xs∂ IgpIn hrØn-bm-°-W-sa∂p ]d-bp∂ Zn\-I-c≥ ]Xo-£-bpsS ]Xo-

I-am-Wv.

IYmkmbm”ßƒ ]nd°p∂ BXn--bpsS ]mc-ºcyw! IYIƒ apdp-

°n-sI- nb `mWvU-ß-fp-ambn hcp∂ IY-]-d-®n-ep-Im¿. \S∂pw Ae™pw

IY-Iƒ ]d-™p-]-d™pw tZim-S-\-In-fn-Iƒs°m∏w Ahcp-saØpw. Ah-

cpsS Ime-Sn-Ifn¬ sNΩÆpw apSn-bn¬ Agp°pw s]mSnbpw ImWpw. hmbva-

e-cp-Iƒ IY-sIm≠v Nph-∂n-cn°pw. IÆp-Iƒ B\µw sIm≠v Xnf-

ßp∂p≠m-bn-cn°pw. `mWvU-ß-fn-d-°n-sh®v Ah¿ BXn-bpsS Ipfn¿ XSm-

I-Øn¬ apßpw. apßn-\n-h¿∂v ip`-hkvXw [cn°pw. BXn-tZ-i-Øns‚

Imc-W-h¿ IY ]d-®n-ep-Im-cs\ ssI]n-Sn®v tXmWn-Ø-e-∏-Øn-cp-Øpw.

tXmWn InS -°p -∂Xv Xºp -cms‚ IShnembncn°pw. CSpßn

Ip∏n°gpØpt]mse Xºpcms‚ ap‰-tØ°v tIdn-°n-S-°p∂ IS-hn¬ IY-

63

]-d-®n-ep-Im-c≥ tXmWn Xpg™p hcpw AXmWv ]Xnh.v Abmƒ ]c-º-cm-

K-X-co-Xn-bn¬ Ipcp-tØm-e-∏m-hm-S-bp-SpØpw Xe-∏mhv sI´nbpw apJ-sØ-gp-

Xnbpw ssIbn¬ ]¥w ]nSn-®pw, sh≈-Øn-end-ßn-\nev°pw

Pew km£n! Abmƒ hnfn®p]dbpw

Pew km£n! Xdbn¬ IYtIƒ°m≥ IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿ G‰p-]-dbpw

a\p-jy-\p-≠m-b-Imew sXmt´ IY-bp-ap-≠mbn Bap-J-°m-c≥ BapJw

XpSßpw.... BapJw ]d-™p-Xo¿∂m¬, Bap-J-°m-c≥ Xe-∏m-h-gn°pw.

sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂v tIdpw. Fcn-bp∂ ]¥w hmg-∏n-≠n-bn¬ IpØpw. AXn-

\p-tijw IY-]-d®n-ep-Im-c≥ IY-Xp-Sßpw. IY-]-d™p Ign-™m¬ Hcp

tNmZy-ap≠.v

Cu IY Fßs\ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v D]-Im-c-s∏Spw?

t\cw shfp°pw hsc AXn-\p-Øcw ]d™v Ah¿ IYsb ]qcn∏n-

bv°pw.

Cu t\mh¬ hmbn®p Xocp∂ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw D≈n¬ Db-cp-

∂Xv Cu tNmZyw Xs∂ Cu IY Fßs\ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v D]-Im-c-

s∏Spw?

]IrXnsb \in∏n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ \ap°v Cu IYbn¬ \n∂v

F¥p]mTw \ap°v Dƒs°m≈phm≥ km[n°pw? \Ω-fp-≠m°p∂ Agp-

°p-Iƒ \ΩƒXs∂ IgpIn hrØn-bm-°Ww F∂ Zn\-I-cs‚ Cu hm°p-

Iƒ Hcp AkvXw-t]msebmWv hmb\°mcn¬ Xd-®p-I-b-dp-∂-Xv.

t\mhenepS\ofw sh≈Øns‚ A]m-c-amb i‡n hnti-j-ß-fmWv Hmtcm

hcn-Iƒ°p-≈nepw t\mh-enÃv Hfn-®p-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

""Ip™n-am-Xp-hn\v tZjyw hcvm! F¥ns‚ sImdhm Ipam-c-\v ChnsS?

Hcmƒ D®-bm-thmfw ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øm¬ aXn, IpSpw_w Ign-bm-\p-≈Xv

64

BXn-bnse sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂v In´pw. ao\m-bn-t´m, I°-bm-bn-t´m. F√m-

hcpw IqSn H∂n®p sNøp∂ s]m°mfn Irjn-bn¬ \n∂v DÆm-\p≈ s\√v

Ign®v hn¬°m-\p-≈Xpw In´pw. Bdp-amkw s\√pw Bdp-amkw ao\pw Irjn-

sN-bvXm¬ BXn-bn¬ kpJ-am-bn´v Pohn-°mw. DÆ-WXv G‰hpw \√ tNm-

dm-Wv. aØ\pw Ipº-fhpw Nocbpw ]b-dp-sams° F√m hoń-epw D-≠v.

]iphpw Fcp-abpw tImgnbpw Xmdmhpw D≠v. Ip™n-am-Xp-hns‚ AΩ

s\øp∂ Xg-∏m-b-bn¬ Ip™n-amXp InS-°p-∂p. F√m hońepw Aß-s\-

Ø-s∂! AΩ-am¿ s\bvXp Xcp-∂-XmWv InS-°-∏m-b.

t\cw shfp-°p-thmfw Imńepw Imb-enepw \n∂v XWpØ Im‰v hoin-

s°m-≠n-cn°pw.''4

sh≈w Fs∂ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p sh≈w Hcp aSn-Ø- m-Wv. F√mw

sh≈Øn¬ \n∂v. sh≈-Øn\v sXfn-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn√. Fs‚ a\ v

Ießn adn™p ]t£ Acphn sXfn-™p-h-cp-∂-hsc H∂pw sNøm-\n-

√msX ImØn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ]Xps° tZjyhpw k¶-Shpw CjvS-t°-Sp-Ifpw

F√mw Nfn Dudn-°q-Sp-tºm-sebpw No™ Ce-Iƒ XmWp-t]m-Ip-tºm-sebpw

Xmtg-bv°-Sn-bp-∂Xpw a\ v sXfn™p hcp-∂Xpw Rm≥ A\p-`-hn®p.

t\mhens‚ Ahkm\w _p≤s‚ A\pbmbn B\µs‚ Cu

Is≠Øen¬Xs∂ hmb\°mc\pw FØntNcp∂p.

""BXn F∂ t\mh¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hcp ssPh-k-aq-l-Øns‚ IY-

bmWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ IY-b√ F∂p-am-X-a-√, AXns\ \oN-I-Ym-

]m-X-am-Wp-Xm\pw Ah≥. t\mh-ense ][m\ IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS \nc

i≤n-®m¬ Xs∂ Adn-bmw AXn¬ a™ ]m∏m-Øn-Ifpw ]q∏-c-Øn-s®-Sn-

Ifpw ]®-Ø-h-f-Ifpw sNΩo-\p-Ifpw Xq°-Wmw-Ip-cp-hn-Ifpw s\√pw

65

I≠¬°m-Sp-Ifpw Dd-h-Ifpw Pehpw aÆpw `qanbpw Hcp hi-Øv. a\p-jy-

\n¿Ωn-X-amb kna‚ v, Iºn, ]mew temdn, sP.-kn.-_n., Sn√¿, Sn∏¿ XpS-

ßn-bh adp-h-i-Øv. Cu \∑Xn∑ ]Xo-I-ß-sf-bmWv Ccp-ap-∂-Wn-bn-ep-

ambn t]m¿°-f-Øn¬ AWn-\n-c-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ipam-c≥ Xn∑-bmbpw Zn\-

I-c≥ \∑-bmbpw Aen-tKm-dn-°-embn h¿Øn-°p-∂p.''5

Xo¿®-bmbpw a\- ns\ hnaeo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]Inb-bmWv B t\mh-

en-eqsS km[n-X-am-°p-∂-Xv. ]Ir-Xnbpw Cuiz-c\pw H∂m-sW∂ Is≠-

Ø-¬.

""ImWp-∂-Xp-hsc Ahƒ I-Æ-S-®n-cp∂p ]ns∂ ImWm≥ XpSßn A\-

¥-amb \oem-Imiw \n¿Ω-e-X-Sm-Iw, ]®-°m-Sp-Iƒ HgpIn-sb-Øp∂ Acp-

hn-Iƒ, Zqsc-\n∂v Im‰n-t\m-sSm∏w BSn-b-e-™p-h-cp∂ tXmWn. tXmWn-

bn¬ GI-\mbn IÆ-S-®n-cn-°p∂ IY-]-d-®n-ep-Im-c≥. Abmƒ ASp-Øp-h-

cp-t¥mdpw GtXm arZp-e-amb kpK‘w Ahsf Xgp-Ip∂p GXv ]qhns‚

aW-amWv \nßƒ°v F∂v tNmZn-bvt°-≠-Xn\p ]Icw Ahƒ tNmZn®p

GXv ]qhmWv \nßƒ.''6

A]-cs\ ]qhmbn kpK-‘-ambn ku`m-Ky-ambn ImWm≥ F∂mWv

Ign-bpI? ImgvN-Iƒ ]q t]mse-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw \mw \sΩ-Ø-s∂ -]-cn-io-

en-∏n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. BXn-bn-ep-≈-hcpsS F√m-amWv Pew. BXn-bnse

Pe-Po-hn-X-Øn-\mWv BXn hn´p-t]m-b-h¿ BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

""BXnbn-se-Øn-bm¬∏ns∂ Znhybv°v sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂v tId-en-√.

""sh≈w I≠m Cs∏m F\nbv°v ]m¥m'' Ahƒ ]d-bpw.

F∂n- -hƒ Bº¬°p-f-Øn¬ apßn-°n-S-°pw. A®p-hn\pw AXv C„-

am-Wv. t_mws_-bn¬, Znhy Xm-a-kn-°p∂ ÿeØv sh≈tam InWtdm

C√. Ipg¬sh≈w h√-t∏mgpw h∂m-em-bn. temdn-bn¬ sh≈w sIm≠p-h-

66

∂p-sIm-Sp-°pw. At∏m-gsØ D¥pw X≈pw hg°pw `b-¶-c-am-Wv. hoWp

ssIsbm-Sn-™n- p≠v Nne-cp-sS-sbm-s°. ]Øp-IpSw sh≈w sImSp-°p-∂p-

s≠-¶n¬ \qdp-Ip-S-Øn-\p≈ Bfp-Iƒ ImØp-\n¬°p-∂p-≠m-Ipw.

""Hcv sIm√sØ Agp-°p-ap-gph≥ t]mbn-In- n!'' Bº¬∏q aW-°p∂

sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂v Ipfn Ign™p Ib-dp-tºmƒ Znhy kt¥m-j-tØmsS

]dbpw ]Øm-ap-Zbw Ign-™p-t]m-Ip-tºm-tg°pw sImgn-™p-t]mb apSn-

sbms° Xncn-®p-h-c-W-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bn-em-WtX Ahƒ Bº¬°p-f-Øn¬

apßn-°n-S-°p-∂-Xv. t_mws_-bnse sh≈-Øn¬ Ipfn®v Ah-fpsS apSn-

sbms° sImgn-™p-t]m-bn. IeymWw Ign-™p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ Ac-aq-Sn-°n-

S-°p∂ I\Ø apSn-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ°v.

Ahn-sSyms° Cu acv∂v Ie-°nb sh≈m In vm. IpSn-bv°m\pw sIm≈n-

√ Ipfn-bv°m\pw sIm≈n-√. Hcv Nmb-sh®v IpSn®m i¿±n-bv°m≥ hcpw.

AXv amXn-cn≈ sNmh-bmWv!''7

a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-am-b-sX√mw HuZm-cy-tØmsS \evIp∂ ]Ir-Xn-

bn¬\n∂v Ah≥ Xs‚ AXym-K-l-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ th≠n

th≠p∂sX√mw kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jys‚ AXym-K-l-Øn\v adp-]Sn ]d-

tb≠ ]IrXn A\p-\n-anjw acn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]IrXnsb kvt\-

ln®v, ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv CW-ßn-°-gn-bp∂ Xo¿Øpw \njvI-f-¶-cmWv AXnse

P\-ßƒ.

""Im∏v Ie°v Hcp-’-h-am-Wv. Fhn-S-s∂m-s°tbm Bsf-Øpw. Im∏v

Ie-°n‚∂v B¿°p-th-W-sa-¶nepw sNΩo≥ sI´n-en-dßn ao≥]n-Sn-°mw.

sI´v amtem-I¿°mbn Xpd-∂p-sImSp°p∂ Znh-k-am-W-Xv. F√m sIm√hpw

Im∏p-I-e-°n-s\-Øp-∂-h-cp-≠v. ]ecpw BXn-bn-ep-≈-h-cp-ambn Aßs\ ]cn-

N-b-Øn-em-bn- p-≠v. ao\n-\p-th-≠n-b-√, sNΩo≥sI- nse Ptem-’-h-Øn¬

67

Xnan¿°m-\mWv ]e-cp-sa-Øp-∂-Xv. A¥y-bm-thmfw sh≈-Øn¬ InS-∂p-a-

dn™n´pw Hcp s]mSn-s®-Ωo≥ t]mepw In´m-Ø-hcpw D≠m-Ipw. BXnbnse

ao≥]n-S-Øp-°m-cn¬ \n∂v \√ hne-sImSpØv Ah¿ sNΩo≥ hmßpw.

BXn-bn-ep-≈-h¿°v ssI \ndsb Imip-In- p∂ Znh-k-am-W-Xv.''8

Ah-cn¬\n∂v Hcp Ipam-c≥ IqSp-X¬ sa®-amb PohnX kuI-cy-ßƒ

tXSn bmX-bm-Ip-∂p. 36 h¿j-ßƒ°p-tijw temIw apgp-h≥ Iog-S-°n-b-

`m-h-tØmsS Xncn®v BXnbnte-s°-Øp-∂p. Hcp-]mSv hen-b-Im-cy-ßƒ Rm≥

sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Fs‚ \mSn-\p-th≠n sNdnb Hcp Imcyw t]mepw

sNbvXn√ F∂ Ipam-cs‚ k¶-Sw-˛-H-cp-]mSv hen-b-Imcy-ßƒ sNøm≥

t]cn∏n®p. AXv BXn-bnse ]®bpw, ]®-∏pw, Pehpw Poh\pw If-bm-

\p≈ henb henb Imcy-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p, ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sS-t]-cn¬ kzbw

\in-∏n-°p∂ GI Pohn-h¿§-amWv a\p-jy≥ F∂v Cu t\mh¬ \sΩ

Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""sh≈-Øns‚ ASn-Ø´nf°n-a-dn-®mWv ]´mfw am¿®v sNbvX-Xv. I°-

I-fpsS kmamPyw XI¿∂p. _q´p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬s∏´v NX™ s]mSn-Ip-

™p-ßfpsS arX-tZlw s]m¥n-h-cm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ kvXoIƒ Dd-s°

s\©-Ø-Sn-®p. F¥m \nßfv Im´sW ]´m-f-°msc? AXv RßsS

tNmdm...''9

Pohnbv°pw Pohn-∏n°pw F∂ Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-ØemWv BXn F∂ tZi-

Øns‚ NcnXw ""Ah-cmcpw ao≥]n-Sp-Ø-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√... Bcpw a\p-jysc

]nSn-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. hni∏m-W-hsc ao≥]n-Sp-Ø-°m-cm-°n-

b-Xv. Hcp-hs‚ amXw hni-∏√; Hcp apgp-h≥ P\-X-bp-sSbpw hni∏v!''10

hni-∏m-W-hsc Irjn-°m-cm-°n-b-Xv. AtX hni-∏m-W-hsc F√mw ]Tn-∏n-

®Xv. I≠¬s®-Sn-Iƒ°n-S-bnse sNΩo≥ sI´p-Iƒ hdp-Xn-bnse \mfnse

68

sFiz-cy-am-bn-cp∂p BXn-bnse P\-ßƒ°v.

N°w°≠w Imb-en\v h∂ Zpc-hÿ hmbn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

kwkvIm-c-k-º-∂-sc∂v A`n-am-\n-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ sNbvXn-Ifpw th¿-Xn-

cn-™p-h-cp-∂p. Pew NoØ-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠vamXw kvt\l-[-\-\mb `¿Øm-

hn-s\bpw IpSpw_-tØbpw Dt]-£n®v BXn-bpsS ]cn-ip-≤n-bn-te°v Xncn-

®p-h∂ ssje-P, BXn-bpsS aÆpw sh≈hpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-h¿s°-Xnsc

kwlm-c- m-h-tØmsS ]Xn-I-cn®Xv XnI®pw kzm`m-hnIw Xs∂. F∂m¬

Cu ]Xn-tj-[hpw ]XnIc-W-hpsam∂pw BXn-bpsS ]cn-ip≤n ImØp-

kq-£n-°m≥ i‡-am-bn√ F∂mWv t\mh¬ ]dbp∂Xv. Ime-I-a-Øn¬

N°wI-≠-tØ-°mƒ tami-amb Hcp A-h-ÿ-bn-te°v BXn-bnse Pehpw

]cn-k-chpw FØn-tN¿∂Xv thZ-\tbmsSbmWv Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Xncn-®-dn-

bp-∂-Xv.

X\Xp kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ BXn F∂ t\mh-

en-ep-S-\ofw Is≠-Øm≥ km[n-°pw. Ip´, apdw, sImtºm-dw, s]m°m-fn-

∏m-Sw, hn√p-h-≠n, ]m -Ir-jn, sIm´n¬, apf-\m-gn, Hme-ta-b¬ XpS-ßnb ]Z-

ßƒ ]g-b-Ime X\nasb hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv ka-c-k-s∏-

´p≈ £-W-co-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw IYm-Imcn hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. tNºn≥Xm-fns‚

]pfn¶-dnbpw s]m°m-fn-b-cn-bpsS tNmdpw sImSw-]p-fn-bn-´ph® sNΩo\pw

a‰pw AXn¬ Nne-Xp-am-Xw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Im¿jn-I-kw-kvIr-Xn-bm¬

sa\-b-s∏-´ BXn-bnse P\-Po-hnXw t\c-a-f-°m\pw Imew Ipdn-°m\pw

PohnXXmfw \n¿W-bn-°m\pw ][m\ambpw Bi-bn-®n-cp-∂Xv ]Ir-Xn-

sb-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. then-tb-‰-th-en-bn-d-°-ßfpw th\epw h¿jhpw hk-

¥hpw F√mw Ime-Nw-I-a-WsØ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ]Ir-Xn-tbmSp

69

tN¿∂p-sIm-≠p≈ PohnXw aSpØ Xe-ap-d-bnse AXn-Im-b-\mWv Ipam-

c≥ F∂ IYm-]m-Xw. Ipam-cs‚ ]pdsI t]mIm≥ BXn-bnepw sNdp-∏-

°m-cp-≠m-bn. Ipam-c≥ am‰-ß-fpsS hgn Is≠-Øn. AtXm-sSm∏w D]-t`m-K-

kw-kvIm-c-Øn\v hnØp-]m-Ip-I-bpw sNbvXp.

kmdm-tPm-k^v ]d-bp-∂Xv, BXn F∂ ]tZiw Cu temI-sØ-hn-

sSbpw BImw. F√m a\p-jy-cnepw BXnbp≠v. Ime-sØbpw tZi-sØbpw

BXn AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂p F∂m-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂ Kma-

kw-kvImcw kwc-£n®v ]Ir-Xnsb kvt\ln-°p∂, tN¿Øp-]n-Sn-°p∂ a\p-

jy-cm-Im≥ kmdm tPmk- ns‚ "BXn' \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°pI \ΩpsS ]Ir-Xnsb

Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßmSns‚ F≥a-IsP F∂ t\mhepw kmdm-tPm-

k-^ns‚ BXn F∂ t\mhepw \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂Xv \ΩpsS aÆpw

sh≈hpw hmbphpw BIm-ihpw \mw Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°-W-sa-∂mWv. ]Ir-

Xnsb kvt\ln-®v, ]IrXn F\n-s°¥p X∂p F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ ]Ir-Xn-

°mbv \¬Im≥ F\n-s°-ßs\ km[n-°p∂p F∂mWv i≤n-t°-≠Xv.

Hmtcm ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Zpc-¥- q-an-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmgpw hm¿Ø-Iƒ

hmbn-°p-tºmgpw a\- n-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xv IS-Ω\n-´-bn-eqsS Ipd-Øn-

bn-se h-cn-I-fmWv

""\nß-sfs‚ IdpØ a°sf Np´p Xn∂p-t∂m?

\nß-f-h-cpsS \nd™ IÆp-Iƒ Nqgvs∂-Sp-°pt∂m

\nß-tfm¿°pI \nß-sf-ßs\ \nß-fm-sb∂v?

70

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. tPmk v kmd, "BXn', Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿, 2013, ]p. 39.

2. A.-]p. ]p. 49.

3. A\n-X, B¿, "BXn-bpsS BZnbpw A¥-hpw Hcp ]mcn-ÿn-XnI

kmwkvIm-cnI A]-K-Y\w', io[c≥ F.-Fw & Nn‰m-°q¬ Zo],

DucvIm°p-∂ s]sÆm-en-Iƒ, kabw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, IÆq¿, 2014,

]p. 327.

4. tPmk v kmd, BXn, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿, 2013, ]p. 25, 26.

5. A\n-X, B¿, "BXn-bpsS BZnbpw A¥-hpw Hcp ]mcn-ÿn-XnI

kmwkvIm-cnI A]-K-Y\w', io[c≥ F.-Fw & Nn‰m-°q¬ Zo],

DucvIm°p-∂ s]sÆm-en-Iƒ, kabw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, IÆq¿, 2014,

]p. 324.

6. tPmk v kmd, BXn, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿, 2013, ]p. 42, 43.

7. A.-]p. ]p. 35, 36.

8. A.-]p. ]p. 79.

9. A.]p. ]p. 45.

10. A.-]p. ]p. 50.

*****

71

D]-kw-lmcw

72

al-Ømb IrXn-Iƒ°v kaq-l-tØmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØmSpw `mj-

tbmSpw hnfn-®p-]-d-bm≥ Hcp-]mSv bmYm¿∞y-ß-fp-≠v. A[n-Im-c-hy-h-ÿ-

tbmSv Ie-ln-°p-∂, kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-ÿn-Xn-Isf tNmZyw sNøp-∂, Inbm-

fl-I-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ kmaq-lnI ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ Hcp kaql

a\:km£nsb AXn¬ ImWmw. AXn-\m¬ Hmtcm IrXnbpw Hmtcm Ae¿®-

bmWv. kmaq-ln-I-hn-]-Øp-Iƒ°v t\sc-bp≈ kmaq-ln-I-]-Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°v

t\sc-bp≈ t\cnb Hcp Ae¿®.

\∑-bpsS shfn®w D]-t`m-K-Xr-jvW-tbmSpw Aan-tXm-ev]m-Z-\-tØmSpw

Ia-c-ln-X-amb F√m-Øn-t\mSpw i‡-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂p. _p≤n-hn-lo-

\-sa∂v temIw Icp-Xp∂ Nne Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-∂p. F≥a-IsP F∂

t\mh-ens‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ IgpX \sΩ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂Xpw AXm-Wv. hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ]n∂mse ]mbp∂ ]mtbm-Kn-I-_p-

≤n-bpsS ap∂n¬ \∑-bp-≈-h¿ Igp-X-I-fm-Ip-∂p. kmam-Py-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw

A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°v t\sc apJw Xncn-°p-I. Igp-X-

sb∂v temIw hn[n-sb-gp-Xn-bmepw Hm¿°pI! Igp-X-bmb \ns‚ kzc-Øn\v

kI-e-N-cm-N-chpw ImtXm¿°pw. ImcWw CXv \∑-bpsS kzc-am-Wv. kXy-

Øns‚ i–-am-Wv. A]c-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ne-hn-fn-bpsS c£m-I-c-amb

Btµmf\-am-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw a\pjys\bpw \ap°v tN¿Øv ]nSn-°mw.

aqey-t_m-[-an-√mØ kmº-ØnI hnI-k\w ap≥\n-dpØn `c-W-Iq-S-

ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ a\p-jys‚ \ne-\n-ev]ns\ XI¿°p-∂Xv

Fß-s\-sb∂pw, Hcp \mSns‚ kwkvIm-csØ am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-

sb∂pw hnh-cn-°p∂ "F≥a-IsP', "BXn' F∂ t\mh-ep-Iƒ ]mcn-ÿn-

XnI ]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°v FXn-sc-b≈ Ime-Øns‚ \ne-hn-fn-bm-Wv. em`hpw

kzm¿∞-Xbpw a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ Iog-S-°p-tºmƒ ]IrXn Zpc-¥-Øn-te°v

\oßp∂ ImgvN F√m-h-cp-tSbpw IÆp-Xp-d-∏n°s´. hnizam-\-hn-I-X-bn-te°v

Db¿Ø-s´.

73

\nK-a-\-ßfpw Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw

74

♦ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]Xn-k-‘n-Isf ]Xn-tcm-[n -°m≥ Ign-bp∂

k¿§m-flIcN-\Iƒ kmlnXyØnep-≠v. CØcw cN-\-Iƒ

kaq-lsØ NnIn-’n-°m≥ X°-hn-[-Øn¬ i‡-am-Wv.

♦ ]mcn-ÿn-XnIZpc¥ßƒ bYm-X-Y-ambn NnXo-I-cn-°m≥ t\mh¬

kmlnXyw sIm≠v Ign-bp-∂p. Ch kaq-l-a\:km£nsb ]Xn-I-cn-

°m\pw ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m\pw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

♦ kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-ß-fn-te°v IqSp-X-embn s]mXp-P-\-i≤ sIm≠p-

h-cp-hm≥ t\mh¬ kmln-Xy-Øn-\v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

♦ kmaq-ln-I-]-Xn-k-‘n-Isf Ipdn®v P\-ß-fn¬ i‡-amb t_m[-

h¬°-cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ t\mh-en\p Ign-bp∂p.

♦ Cu Ime-L- -Ønepw kmlnXyw Ie-bv°p-th≠n amX-a-√, Pohn-X-

Øn\p th≠n IqSn-bm-sW∂ t_m[yw \¬Ip-∂p.

♦ \nin-X-amb hna¿i\w hgn ]Ir-Xn-bn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-t]m-°n\pw

]Ir-Xn-tbmSv Icp-W-tbmsS s]cp-am-dm\pw s]mXp-k-aq-lsØ

]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p.

♦ sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw anØp-Ifpw ]mtZ-in-I-`m-jm-t`-Z-ßfpw hgn

Xoh-amb `mh-kw-th-Z-\-Øn\v \mtSm-Sn-km-lnXyw i‡amsW∂v

]Tn-∏n-°p∂p.

*****

75

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

76

a[p-kq-Z-\≥, Pn, IYbpw ]cn-ÿnXn-bpw, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿, 2000.

IrjvW-Ip-am¿, sI.-kn, tIcfw Pn√-I-fn-eqsS, amXr- qan ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,

tImgn-t°m-Sv, 2013.

]q∏mew keow, (FUn.) F≥tUmkƒ^m≥: \c-I-Øn-te°p Xpd-°p∂

hmXn¬, tkmfn-Um-cn‰n bqØv aqhvsa‚ v, tImgn-t°m-Sv, 2011.

tPmk v kmd, BXn, Id‚ v _p-Ivkv, Xr»q¿, 2013.

io[-c≥, F.Fw & Nn‰m-°q¬ Zo] (F-Un.), DucvIm-°p∂ s]sÆm-en-

Iƒ, kabw ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, IÆq¿, 2014.

G®n-°m\w kt¥m-jv, (FUn.) F≥a-IsP ]T-\-ßƒ, Id‚ v _pIvkv,

Xr»q¿, 2010.

amßmSv Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥, F≥a-I-sP, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm -bw, 2010.

*****

77

A\p-_‘w

78

(t\mh-enÃv Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amßm-Sp-ambn ]_-‘-Imcn

\S-Ønb A`n-ap-J-Ønse ]k-‡- m-K-ßƒ)

tNm. kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-ß-fn¬ Du∂nb h¿Ø-am\ kmln-Xy-w! CXv

kmlnXy-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-X-sbbpw kr„n-]-c-X-sbbpw

XI¿°p-∂pt≠m?

D. Iebpw kmln-Xyhpw Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v amdp-∂p-≠v. Ie

Ie-bv°p-th-≠n-tbm, Pohn-X-Øn-\p-th-≠ntbm F∂ N¿® A\m-Zn-

bnte D≠v. C∂pw XpS-cp-∂p. Fs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ Ie-bp-sSbpw

kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw XpS-°-Øn¬Xs∂ kmaq-ln-Imwiw N¿® sNø-

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. "Imhyw bit A¿∞-Ir-tX, hyh-lm-c-hn-t[' F∂p

XpS-ßp∂ Imcn-I-bpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ "Im¥m kΩn-X-Xtbm]tZ-

i-bptP' F∂ hcn-bneqsS aΩ-S≥ Ie-bpsS kmaq-lymw-i-sØ-

bmWv ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xv. ]pXnb ImeØv kmaq-ly-]-iv\-ßƒ

IqSp-X¬ cq£hpw k¶o¿Æhpw BIp-tºmƒ Fgp-Øp-Imc\v AtX-

°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ ]d-bm≥ _m≤y-X-bp-≠v.

tNm. F≥a-I-sP-bpsS Fgp-Øp-]-cn-kcw hy‡-am-°mtam?

D. Gsd-°m-e-ambn F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ hncp≤ ]kw-K-ßƒ \S-Øp∂p.

a[p-cm-Pns‚ t^mt´m-Ifpw am[y-a -ß-fnse dnt∏m¿´p -Ifpw

AXn-s\s∂ t]cn-∏n®p F∂v ]d-bp-∂-XmWv icn. F≥tUmk

ƒ^m≥ hncp-≤-k-an-Xn-bpsS BZysØ sNb¿am≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬

Fw.Sn, Ago-t°mSv XpSßnbhsc sIm≠p-h∂v ]kw-Kn-∏n-°m≥

km[n-®p. \nc-h[n teJ-\-ßƒ, FgpXn ka-c-ßƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-®p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]h¿Ø-I-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]tNm-Z-\-ambn \ne-sIm-≠p.

79

CXn-s\√mw CS-bn-emWv t\mh¬ Fgp-X-W-sa∂v tXm∂n-b-Xv.

2006 ¬ XpSßn 2009 ¬ Ah-km-\n-®p. F∂m¬ kacw Ct∏mgpw

XpS-cp-∂p. \Ωƒ Db¿Øn]nSn-°p∂ hnj-b-ßƒ°pth≠n Hmtcm

`c-W-IqSw hcp-tºmgpw kacw sNø-Ww. "F≥a-IsP' H´pta

`mh-\-b-√, AsXmcp t\mh-e-√, t\mhns‚ IY-bm-Wv. B t\mh¬

Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ Rm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw Rm≥ XI¿∂p t]mbn-cp-∂p.

tNm. t\mh-ense IgpX F∂ IYm-]mXw?

D. alm`m-c-X-Ønse G‰hpw _p≤n-bp≈ IYm-]m-Xw hnZp-ctcm

`ojvatcm A√, Igp-X-bm-Wv. alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Cu

IYm-]m-XsØ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. t_m[-]q¿∆-a-√, Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ

hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hcWw As√-¶n¬ IrXn-aXzw

tXm∂pw. Fs‚ ]n.-F-®v.-Un.-bp-ambn _‘-∏´v c≠p-]m-hiyw

alm- m-cXw hmbn-®n- p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Cu IgpX Fs‚ D≈n¬

\nd™p \n∂n-cp-∂p.

tNm. F≥a-I-sPbv°v XpS¿®-bmbn t\mh¬ Fgp-Xptam?

D. C√. Rms\m-cn-°epw C\n-sbmcp t\mh¬ FgpXn√ F∂v ]Xn⁄

FSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p≠v. ImcWw IYm]mXßƒ, Ah¿ ]nb-s∏- -hcpw

Ft∏mgpw IqsSbp≈-h-cp-amWv. AsXms° Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ AXv

Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v henb ]bm-k-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p. hmb-\-°m¿ Hcp

]pkvXIw hmbn®v CXbpw thZ-\n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥

A\p-`-hn-°p∂ thZ\ AXn-`-b-¶-c-amWv. t\mh-se-gp-Xn-°-gn™v

IS-emkv Iodp∂hn[-Øn¬ \n∫v HSn-bp∂hn[-Øn¬ Hcp hc-h-c®v

Dds° Rm≥ hnfn-®p-]-d-™p. Rms\m-cn-°epw Pohn-X-Øn¬

80

t\mh¬ Fgp-Xn-√. Cu t\mh¬ AX-amXw am\-kn-I-ambn Fs∂

XI¿ØpIf-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

tNm. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Zpc¥w C∂v henb ]Xn-k-‘nbnte°v a\p-jys\

\bn-°p-∂p. hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

D. \ΩpsS `£-W-co-Xn, \ΩpsS IpSn-sh-≈w, hmbp F√mw aen-\-

ambn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv Imk¿tIm-Uns‚ amXw ]iv\-a-√. tIc-f-

Øn-s‚bpw C¥y-bp-sSbpw temIw apgp-h-s‚bpw ]iv\-am-Wv.

hnj-amWv \Ωƒ `£n-°p-∂-Xnepw s]mXp-hm-bp-≈-Xv.

tNm. FgpØv ka-c-Øns‚ hgn-bm-sW∂v Ae-¶m-cn-I-amb ]d-®n-em-bn-

cp∂p CXp-hsc F∂mWv F\n°p tXm∂p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

F≥a-IsP Cu ]d-®n¬ A\z¿∞-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. t\mh-ep-ambn

_‘-s∏ v Fs¥-¶nepw `oj-Wn-Iƒ...?

D. t\mh-se-gpØv Hcp ka-c-am¿§w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p AXnepw ap≥]v

2002 ¬ ]©cpfn F∂ IY-sb-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. t\mh-ep-ambn

_‘-s∏ v `oj-Wn-Iƒ H∂pw D≠m-bn- n-√.

tNm. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv IqSp-X-embn ]cn-ÿn-Xn-I-Y-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.

D. Fs∂ Ae- n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ hnj-b-ß-fmWv Rm≥ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv.

ASpØ ImeØv Cd-ßnb Ip∂p-Iƒ ]pg-Iƒ F∂ sNdp-IYm

kam-lmcw aebmfØnse ]cn -ÿn-Xn -I-Y-I-fpsS ]Y-a-k

am-lm-c-am-Wv.

tNm. F≥a-IsP F∂ t\mh¬ C∂pw hmbn -°-s∏-Sp∂p N¿®

sNø-s∏-Sp∂p At\Iw ]T-\-ßfpw Kth-j-W-ßfpw \S-°p-∂p.

D. Hcp henb kaq-ly-]iv\w IqSnbmb-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw F≥a-IsP

hym]-I-ambn N¿® sNø-s∏´p. hfsc hnkva-b-I-c-amb A\p-`-h-

81

ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´v Hcp h¿j-am-Ip-tºm-tg°pw

Ccp-]-Øn-b-©n-e-[nIw skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, tZml, _l-dn≥ F∂o

hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ IqSn N¿®-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏- p. Hcp h¿j-

Øn\p≈n¬ 35˛e[nIw ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ F≥a-IsP kµ¿in-°p∂

ioew Bfp-Iƒ°n-S-bn-ep≠m-bn. t\mh-ens‚ tdmb¬‰nbpw a‰v

F√m Ahm¿Uv XpI-Ifpw teJ\ßƒ°≈ ]Xn- -ehpw F√mw

F≥tUm-kƒ^m≥ tcmKnIƒ°v \evIn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

*****

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