the feelings and attitudes of people about death and dying o

8/11/2019 The Feelings and Attitudes of People About Death and Dying o

1/26


2/26

EDITORIAL LIST

Editor-in-chiefProf. Adebayo Lawal(Director. Inst. of Educ)

Managing EditorDr. S. B. Olajide(Dept. of CSET)

Editorial Board MembersDr. (Mrs) A. T. Alabi(Dept. of Edu. Magt)

Dr. (Mrs.) M. f. SalmanDept, of CEST)Dr. S. Amaele(Dept. Of Edu. Foundations)DR. O. A. Oniye(Dept. of G & C)Mr. O, A. Onifade(Dept of PE)

Consulting Editors

Prof. Babatnde !"aye(Dept. of G & C)!.".#. $aria

Prof. (Mrs.) #ni$e O%e%e(Depart%ent of Education)# 'ua

Prof. M Ajiberoi*rarian#ni+ersit of I-orin, I-orin

Prof. Tao&eed Adedoja(Dept of PE)". #. ano


3/26

Prof. Da'id iboyewa(Dept of Education)#ni+ersit of Maiduguri

Prof. O. . #&indero

(Dept. of Curricu-u% Studies)O.!.# Ife

Prof. M. B. OnniyiDirector & t/e #ESCO C/airSc/oo- of Science & Mat/s Ed#ni+ersit of t/e 0estern CapeSout/ !frica

Prof. Samel Ayodele

Institute of Education#ni+ersit of I*adan

Prof. S&e& imo&(Dept. of Educationa- Foundations)#ni+ersit of I-orin


4/26

OTES O COTRIB!TORS

DR" A" ABD!L#AREEM is a Senior Le$trer t&e De"artment of

#d$ational Manaement *ni'ersity of !lorin.

DR" A" O" ADE$BO%E& formerly De"ty Pro'ost (A$ademi$s) is a +&ief

Le$trer in t&e De"art of Mat&emati$s, wara State +ollee-of

#d$ation, !lorin.

MR" '" ADES(LAM is a +&ief Le$trer in t&e De"artment of Msi$,

wara State +ollee of #d$ation, !lorin.

DR" S" AMAELE is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of #d$ational

ondations, *ni'ersity of !lorin.

DR" B" T" DAMOLE is a Senior le$trer in De"artment of $rri$lm,

Stdies and #d$ational Te$&noloy, *ni'ersity of !lorin.

DR" M" A" )A#OMO$BOis a Senior Le$trer in t&e De"artment of

+rri$lm Stdies and #d$ational Te$&noloy, *ni'ersity of !lorin.

DR" R" A" E" I*EAAC*O is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of

#d$ational ondations, *ni'ersity of +alabar, +alabar

DR" M" A" #A%ODEis a Prin$i"al Le$trer and Dean of t&e S$&ool of

#d$ation, wara State +ollee of #d$ation, !lorin.

DR" %" %" M!SLIMis a Le$trer at t&e Polyte$&ni$, !badan, Satelite

+am"s, Sa%i.

DR" )" O" O$!LADE is a Senior Le$trer in t&e De"artment of

#d$ation, A&mad Bello *ni'ersity, /aria.


5/26

MR" O" A" OI)ADE is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of #d$ation,

A&mad Bello *ni'ersity, /aria.

DR" E" O" OMOSE+Ois a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of +rri$lm

Stdies and #d$ational Te$&noloy, *ni'ersity of !lorin

MR" O" L" OLAITA is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of 0ealt& and

P&ysi$al #d$ation, *ni'ersity of !lorin.

DR" S" A" OASA%A is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of +rri$lm

Stdies and #d$ation Te$&noloy, *ni'ersity of !lorin.

MRS" I" B" OMORODIO is a Le$trer in t&e !nstitte of res& 1ater

is&eries Resear$&, 2ew-Bssa.

DR" R" OMOTO%E is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of Reliion,

*ni'ersity of !lorin.

DR" A" A" OLAO%E is a t&e Assistant Dire$tor of Prorammes 2ational

+ommission for +ollees of #d$ation, Abja, +T.

DR" M" D" SALMA is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of +rri$lm

Stdies and #d$ational Te$&noloy, *ni'ersity of !lorin.

MR" S" SA!SI is a Le$trer in t&e De"artment of #d$ational

ondations, wara State +ollee of #d$ation, Oro.

+o"yri&t 3445 !nstitte of #d$ational *ni'ersity of !lorin


6/26

!SS2 4678-3977

ISTIT!TE ,O!RAL

O) ST!DIES I

ED!CATIO

P*BL!S0#D B:

!2ST!T*T# O #D*+AT!O2

*2!;#RS!T: O !LOR!2,

!LOR!2, 2!


7/26

EDITORIAL

T&e !nstitte ornal of Stdies in #d$ation (!S#) is a "bli$ation

of t&e *ni'ersity of !lorin. T&e jornal is de'oted to "blis&in em"iri$al

and t&eoreti$al resear$& in all areas of ed$ation. !ts readers&i" and

$ontribtors&i" &a'e in$reased o'er t&e years, and we are "rod to

state t&at it $ontines to enjoy 2ational and !nternational a$$e"tability,

&a'in fond eminent "osition on t&e s&el'es of many *ni'ersities=

and Pbli$ Libraries bot& at &ome and abroad.

T&is 'olme $ontains twenty well edited arti$les $o'erin s"e$i>$

areas of and "ra$ti$e of #d$ation and to$&in, amon ot&er, on

Mat&emati$s, S$ien$e, So$ial S$ien$e and #d$ational Te$&noloy, all

of w&i$& readers will >nd 'ery stimlatin and rewardin.

!S# $ontines to wel$ome arti$les from $ontribtors alon or

"oli$y idelines. !t is or &o"e t&at t&e standard already establis&ed

will to be a "ro"ellin for$e be&ind ftre "bli$ations.

(rofessor R" A" LaalEditor1in1C/ief


8/26

ISTIT!TE ,O!RAL O) ST!DIES I ED!CATIO

;OL 9, 2O.8. *2#

3445

ART!+L#S !2 T0!S !SS*#

PA


9/26

Problems of sin forein instr$tional media in t&e 2ierian s$&ools

M" )a.omogbon

C3

Te$&ni@es for sol'in adoles$ents= 'o$ational $risis

R""A"E" Iheanacho 65

Relations&i" amon $oniti'e styles, lo$s of $ontrol and a$ademi$

#d$ation A$&ie'ement of se$ondary s$&ool stdents -M"A"#a/ode

4

#Ee$ti'e stdy s%ills for a meaninfl and "r"osefl "olyte$&ni$

ed$ation %" %" Muslim

75

P&iloso"&i$ t&o&t on traditional 2ierian $&ild-rearin F

An a""raisal )" O" Ogunlade

943

+ontem"orary isses in indstrial safety.-O" A" Onifade

939

a$tors inGen$in female stdents= $&oi$e of "&ysi$s in sele$ted

se$ondary s$&ool in !lorin metro"olis HE" O" Omoseo

959

T&e feelins and attitdes of "eo"le abot deat& and dyin on

terminal illnesses O" L" Olaitan

9?9


10/26

Rele'an$e of $om"ter te$&noloy in ed$ation resear$& -S" A"

Onasan/a 98 !

#nlis& lanae tea$&in and learnin as a bran$& of a""lied

linisti$sI t&e eam"le of $om"ter Assisted lanae learnin (+ALL)

-I" B" Omorodima

9C?

+ases of stdents la$% of interest in +&ristian reliios stdies in &arm

metro"olis -R"Oinoto/e

968

+ases of slow $rri$lm and instittional $&ane in 2ieria A

"oliti$al

and so$ial-linisti$ $onsideration -A" A" Olao/e

98

*sin ames to tea$& eometri$al "lane s&a"es at t&e "rimary s$&ool

le'el

T&e eam"les of T#STOM -S" Salman

978

Performan$e en&an$ement stratey for ed$ational ser'i$es in 2ieria

-B" Sanusi 348


11/26

THE FEELINGS AND ATTITUDES OF PEOPLE ABOUT DEATH AND DYING

ON TERMINAL ILLNESSES

BY

L. 0. OLAITAN

AbstractT/e researc/ 2as carried out to stud t/e fee-ings and attitudes ofpeop-e a*out deat/ and ding on ter%ina- i--nesses. T/e %u-tistagesa%p-ing tec/ni3ue fro% 45 pri+ate /ospita-s in I*adan 2as used tose-ect 455 nurses, 675 fe%a-es and 85 %a-es. Mean (9.) andpercentages 2ere used to ana-se t/e data co--ected, 2/i-e t/e t1teststatistica- %et/od 2as e%p-oed to -est t/e /pot/esis for%u-ated ata:5. 5; -e+e- of con


12/26

wit&in w&i$& deat& is e"erien$ed in t&e *nited, States, and t&e

eneral rea$tion to deat&, &a'e $&aned dramati$ally wit&in t&e last

few de$ades. or eam"le, in t&is $ont

deat& is no loner e$lsi'ely a matter of reliios $on$ern, b

in$reasinly sbje$t of s$ienti>$ $on$ern, bt in$reasinly a sbje$t of

s$ienti>$ in'estiation.

P&iloso"&ers &a'e assmed t&at deat& "ert ins to t&e essen$e of

&man life, to its eistential fl>llment. Moreo'er, t&e $om"re&ended

a$$e"tan$e of deat& was $onsidered as t&e "reroati'e of man, t&e

'ery to%en of &is freedom. Deat&, and only deat&, bro&t eisten$e

into its own. !ts >nal neation was $onsidered as t&e armation of

man=s fa$lties and ends (eifel, 9787).

Deat& assmed t&e for$e of an instittion w&i$&, be$ase of its 'ital

tility, s&old not be $&aned, e'en if it $old "er&a"s be $&aned.

T&e s"e$ies "er"etate itself t&ro& t&e deat& of indi'idalsI t&is is

fa$t. So$iety "er"etates itself t&o& t&e deat& of indi'idalsI t&is is

no loner a natral bt an &istori$al fa$t. T&e two fa$ts are not

e@i'alent. !n t&e >rst "ro"osition, deat& is a bioloi$al e'ent

disinteration of orani$ into inorani$ matter. !n t&e se$ond

"ro"osition, deat& is an instittion and a 'ale t&e $o&esion of t&e

so$ial order de"ends to a $onsiderable etent on t&e eEe$ti'eness wit&

w&i$& indi'idals $om"ly wit& deat& and more t&an a natral

ne$essityI on t&eir willinness, e'en re, to die many deat&s, w&i$&


13/26

are not natralI on ot&er areement to sa$ri>$e t&emsel'es aiid not to

>&t deat& Jtoo m$&.

To Die or Not To Die

Deat& remains a reality t&at relati'ely few "eo"le or fa$e. 1e try

to li'e as if it $old not &a""en to s or to t&ose w&om we lo'e. At t&e

same time we li'e nder a "rimiti'e s&adow of fear. 1&en t&e deat& of

a "arent, $&ild, or lo'ed one o$$rs, we sEer not only rief bt also a

sense of= ilt for not &a'in done more, or for "ast feelins and

t&o&ts. Drin t&e "resent de$ade a new medi$al s"e$ialty &as

ben to emere, %nown as t&anatoloy, or t&e "sy$&oso$ioloy of

deat&. 2rses, "&ysi$ians, and so$ial wor%ers are stdyin and

attendin to t&e "sy$&oso$ial "roblems fa$ed by "atients w&o are

t&reatened wit& deat& "roblems t&at also mst be fa$ed by "atients

w&o are t&reatened wit& deat& "roblems t&at also mst be fa$ed by

t&eir families, friends, and asso$iates.

T&e indi'idal realies t&e de is ine'itable. !t is a "&enomenon

asso$iated wit& life itself. 1&at 4+ do8=t %now is w&en or &ow one=s

own deat& will o$$r. Many intelle$talie deat& as if it "ertains t

anot&er deat&, and not to t&emsel'es. T&is is be$ase we are basi$ally

ftre-oriented, "lannin t&e ftre as if we will li'e fore'er. 1&ile one

is free of illness and t&e t&reat limited ftre, s$& be&a'ior is normal.


14/26

!t does not im"ly denial. 0owe'er, as losses of fn$tions or "arts of t&e

body deat& and denial sometimes be$ome fsed toet&er. Denial for

many indi'idals is a $o"in me$&anism, one t&at enables t&em to

ard aainst t&e t&reat of deat& or dyin

The terminal phase of life

T&e "erson jde by t&e "&ysi$ian to be terminally ill or at ris%,

and not sim"ly old and si$%. T&e e"erien$ed "&ysi$ians %now w&at to

e"e$t wit& reard to t&e "roress of illness, alt&o& t&ey are

sometimes sr"rised. T&ere are some of t&e "&ysi$ian sitations of t&e

dyin "erson and some of t&e o"tions t&at remains to t&e "&ysi$ian

Purpose of the Study

T&e stdy was $ond$ted >nd ot t&e feelins and attitdes of

terminal illnesses. Also, to determine t&eir be&a'ior towards t&e

terminally ill "atients.

*/1othesis

T&ere will be no sini>$ant diEeren$e between feelins and

attitdes of "eo"le abot deat& and dyin on terminal illness

Method and Materials

Two &ndred nrses, C4 males and 9?4 females were randomly

sele$ted from 34 "ri'ate &os"itals in !badan. #a$& of t&em res"onded

to t&e @estionnaire indi'idally to ide aainst "ossibility of bein

inGen$ed by ot&ers and t&e $o"ies of t&e @estionnaire were $olle$ted


15/26

t&e same day. Mean (N) and "er$entae () 9'ere sed to analye t&e

data $olle$ted w&ile t-test statisti$al met&od was em"loyed to test t&e

&y"ot&esis formlated at $t 4.48 le'el of sini>$an$e.

Reslts

T&e >ndins &a'e t&rown more li&t on t&e feelins and attitdes

of nrses toward deat&.

Table ! s&owed t&at 34 (94) of res"ondents wold feel

$omfortable &a'in been determined t&at t&ey are terminally ill

and &ear

t&at t&ey will die in t&e net t&ree mont&s. T&is is line wit&

let$&er=s

statement in Bmside (974) t&at, it is t&e li'in t&at fear deat&,

not t&e dyin. One &ndred and ei&t (74) res"ondents wold not

feel $omfortable to &ear s$& news t&at t&ey wold die, t&is s&ows

t&at, deat& is an n"leasant t&in. alis& (97C6) said t&at, t&e

e"ressions of sense of im"e. in deat& may not be J&earK or

belie'ed by t&e listener.

One &ndred and sity (4) of t&e res"ondents wold sEer

from troble of fallin aslee" (insomnia) and only ?4 (34) will not

sEer insomnia. T&is $an be related to t&e bler-Ross=s se$ond stae

of dyin in w&i$& t&e "erson will be fll of aner, rae, aniety,

restlessness and eneral irritation. Also, 934 (C4) wold feel ner'os

and anios most of t&e time, w&ile 4 (?4) wold not. T&is $an be


16/26

$orrelated wit& t&e abo'e senten$e in w&i$& bler-Ross stated t&at

aner, rae, aniety, et$, are "arts of w&at ta%e "la$e at t&e se$ond

stae of dyin. One &ndred and forty (64) wold sEer from la$% of

seal desire and C4 (54) wold not, t&is is indi$ati'e of not bein in

mood to enae in fn "lay. T&isQ means t&at, J$o'ert rea$tion

determines o'ert rea$tionK

One &ndred and forty (64) wold not aree t&at t&ey wold

die at t&at time bt C4 (54) wold not deny it. T&is denial is in line

wit& t&e >rst stae of deat& by bler-Ross, i.e. Denial drin w&i$&

statemnt li%e, Jno, not me, ! reb%e it, yo are lyin, ! $annot die

li%e t&at, et$K will >ll t&e mot& of t&e dyin "erson.

Only 4 (?4) wold "ass t&ro& bler-Ross=s se$ond stae

dyin, and 934 (C4) wold not be anry, t&is is "er&a"s, t&e r=

"o"lation %now w&at it is to be sEerin from terminal illness before

t&e deat& $omes. Alt&o&, 9C4 ( 4) wold "ersade


17/26

ist&e last "&ase of dyin will de>nitely $ome to e'ery indi'idal

1irdmill, 97773).

Lastly, 973 (7C) wold say deat& is a transitional state to t&e

reat beyond a$$ordin to t&eir reliions w&ile, only (?) wold not

belie'e s$&. T&is may be be$ase most of t&e res"ondents are eit&er

+&ristians or Mslims and no at&eist was amon t&e res"ondents.


18/26

TABLE 23 RES(OSES O) T*E )EELI$S O) !RSES TO+ARDS

DEAT*

S

2

!tems S""ose yo &a'e been determined t&at yo will de

in t&e net 5 mont&s de to a terminally ill disease yo aresEerin from

:es :es

2o 2o

9. 1old yo feel $onformableU 34 94 94 743. 1old yo sEer form troble of fallin aslee" (insomnia)U 9C4 4 ?4 345. 1old yo be feelin ner'os and anios most of t&e

timeU

934 C4 4 ?4

?. 1old yo sEer from la$% of seal desiredU 9?4 64 C4 548. 1old yo deny t&e fa$t t&at yo will die in t&at timeU 9?4 64 C4 54C. 1old yo sEer from irritability or brsts of anerU 4 ?4 934 C46. 1old yo try to "ersade nally a$$e"t t&e deat& if t&e time &as ob'iosly

$ome and &as less emotional "ain and less im"lse to

$ontest fateU

94 74 34 94

94. 1old yo say deat& is a transitional state to t&e reat

beyond a$$ordin to yor reliionU

973 7C ?

Mean (>) 244"

5

66"6 66"7 44"

8

!i table 3 below, 98C (6) wold li%e to be sin t&e best of

t&eir $lot&es of "ro"erties before t&ey die, w&ile ?? (33) wold not.

T&is may be be$ase, t&eir attitdes are fll of enjoyin t&eir wealt&

before any ot&er "erson will $ome and ta%e o'er t&ins. One &ndred

and sity-for (3) belie'ed in s"endin all t&ey &a'e on t&eir

n"romisin &ealt& stats, w&ile t&ose t&at want to s"end w&at t&ey

&a'e will not s""ort et&anasia and neit&er wold t&ey s""ort t&e

statement Jlet me die, &a'e li'ed lon eno&K


19/26

One &ndred and for (83) wold stay indoor most of t&e time.

&a'in &eard s$& news and 7C (?) wold $ontine to o ot as

sal. T&is s&ows t&at w&et&er otdoor or indoor deat& will $ome w&en

it will $ome. !n t&e isse of Jli'in willK, 944 (84) ea$& s""orted it

and $ not s""ort res"e$ti'ely. !t is belie'ed t&at t&ose t&at wold

ma%e Jli'in will= don=t fear deat&. Also, in ma%in a JwillK for t&e

sr'i'ors 97C (7) s""orted t&is, bt only? (3) o""osed t&is. T&is

means ma%in a will for t&e sr'i'ors is "aramont in t&e mind of t&e

nrse before dyin and after deat&. One &ndred and ei&ty-for

(73) wold refse to eat &a'in &eard s$& news w&ile only 9C (4)

wold $o to eat normally. T&ose t&at wold not eat is in line wit& t&ose

w&o belie= in 'olntary and dire$t et&anasia t&at $an be termed,

si$idal in leal terms (*do&, 3444).

Sr"risinly, no one ot of t&e 344 res"ondents was in s""ort

mer$y %illin. (et&anasia), all t&e 344 (944) were aainst it. Mer$y

%illin in Afri$an $ontet is not yet a reality. Siteen () wold "refer

to die in t&e &os"i$e, w&ile 97C (73) wold "refer in t&e &os"ital. T&is

s&ows t&at, nrses %now t&e 'ale of &os"ital $are and "refer to die

t&e "er&a"s t&ere $old be any ot&er new te$&noloy in medi$ine to

ta%e $are of t&e formally "ro$laimed terminal illness. rt&ermore, as in

t&e reat yor "re'ios senten$e, no one $an say, Jlet me die, ! &a'e

li'ed lon eno&K as t&e w&ole 344 (944) were aainst t&e


20/26

statement. T&is reslt is $ontrary to a statement in Brnside (974)

t&at, Jlet me die, ! &a'e li'ed lon eno&K

All t&e 344 (944) wold not want t&eir body to be $remated

after deat&, t&at is "er&a"s t&e $ltral belie'e is t&at w&osoe'er died

s&old be bried a$$ordin to t&eir reliions= rites. One &ndred (84)

wold "refer t&at t&eir stats s&old be made for $ommemoration for

&eroi$ measre "robably for remembran$e and also 944 (84) do not

want s$&, belie'in t&at after deat& nobody %nows w&at ta%es "la$e

afterwards.

TABLE 53 RES(OSES O T*E ATTIT!DES O) T*E !RSES

TO+ARDS DEAT*

S

2

!tems S""ose yo &a'e been determined t&at yo will

de in t&e net 5 mont&s de to a terminally ill disease

yo are sEerin from

:es :es

2o 2o

99 1old yo li%e to be sin t&e best of yor $lot&es or

"ro"erties

98C 6 ?? 33

93. 1old yo li%e to $ontine to s"end all yo &a'e may

be yo mi&t re$o'erU

9C? 3 5C 9

95. 1old yo stay indoor most or all of t&e timeU 94? 83 7C ?9?. 1old yo li%e to ma%e a Jli'in willK t&at yo s&old

not be %e"t ali'e by arti>$ial means in$ $ase yo are

n$ons$iosU

944 84 944 84

98. 1old yo li%e to ma%e a will= for yor sr'i'iorsU 97C 7 ? 39C. 1old yo refse to eat or drin% till t&e time $omesU 9? 73 9C 96. 1old yo want yor do$tor to &el" yo to die a ood

deat& (et&anasia)

4 4 344 944

9. 1old yo "refer to die in t&e &os"i$e rat&er t&an&os"italU

9C 9 97C 73

97. +an yo say Jlet me dieI ! &a'e li'ed lon eno&KU 4 4 344 94434. 1old yo li%e to be $remated rat&er t&an bein

briedU

4 4 344 944

39. 1old yo li%e yor stats to be made as

$ommemoration for &eroi$ measreU

944 844 944 84

33. 1old yo li%e to be bried wit& t&e best of yor 53 9C 9C ?


21/26

$lot&esU35. 1old yo li%e yor brial $eremony to be elaborateV 96C 3? 933?. 1old yo li%e yor body to be embalmed and dis"lay

for lyin in-state

3? 93 96C

38. 1old yo li%e to donate any of yor orans or w&ole

body for ot&erU

98C 6 ?? 33

Mean (>) 94"7

7

86"9

4

2:6"2

5

;4":

$ant diEeren$e eisted between feelins and

attitdes of "eo"le abot deat& and dyin on terminal illnesses. T&s,

"eo"le=s feelins aEe$t t&eir attitdes on many isses.


23/26

TABLE 43 *%(OT*ESIS TESTI$ O )EELI$S AD ATTIT!DES

O) !RSES O DEAT* AD D%I$ O TERMIAL

ILLESSES"

= 5::

>ariables Means ?@ SD Cale t

>alue

Decision on *O

eelins 955.3 ?.7??6

3?.58 Reje$tedAttitdes 75. 9.883

Conclusion and Recommendations

T&e feelins of "eo"le &a'in been determined t&at t&ey will die

in t&e net t&ree mont&s after t&e $on>rmation t&at t&ey are terminally

ill were in di'ersity. 1&ile some sets of "eo"le belie'ed t&at Jdeat& is a

ne$essary end and is ine'itableK, ot&er denied t&is sayin t&at, it

wold be better for all terminal diseases to &a'e a $rati'e measres.

Deat& is a t&reat to some "eo"le es"e$ially t&e yon and t&e

well-do s$$essfl ones w&o want to remain ali'e to enjoy t&e

adlt&ood life wit& t&eir wealt&.

0owe'er, t&e reliios belief &as made some "eo"le to "er$ei'e

deat& as a transitional state to a better-n%nown realm. Some nrses

$an deat& as a t&reat, ot&ers see it as a natral "&enomenon t&at

$annot be Majorities of t&em belie'e in life after deat& and t&ey


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"er$ei'ed eart& as a transition to t&e reat beyond in a$$ordan$e wit&

t&eir 'arios se$ts.

!t is &ereby re$ommended t&at "eo"le s&old in'ol'e in &ealt&

"oli$y to &el" $ater for t&emsel'es and family members. T&ey ild also

"lan and ma%e a JwillK for t&eir sr'i'ors. Peo"le s&old "re"are for

t&eir deat&s as t&ey "re"are for any ot&er t&ins in life t&e o'ernment

s&old "lan to in$lde deat& and dyin ed$ation s$&ool $rri$lm

and it s&old be embra$ed by all.


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RE)ERECES

Bower, M. ., a$%son, #., ni&t, ., W Le-S&an, L. (97C?). +onsellin

t&e dyin. 2ew :or%I T&omas 2elson W Sons.

Brnside !. M. (974). Psy$&oloi$al nrsin $are of t&e aed. (3 #d.),

2ew :or% M$


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the feelings and attitudes of people about death and dying o

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