the fate of incoming solar radiation chapter 23.2
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THE FATE OF THE FATE OF INCOMING SOLAR INCOMING SOLAR
RADIATIONRADIATIONChapter 23.2Chapter 23.2
What can happen to a sun ray What can happen to a sun ray when it enters the atmosphere?when it enters the atmosphere?
• Reflection (30%) • By Clouds
• By dust particles
• By the Surface– Light colored surfaces reflect more– Amount of reflection is called albedo
AlbedoAlbedoPAGE 465PAGE 465
What can happen to a sun ray What can happen to a sun ray when it enters the atmosphere?when it enters the atmosphere?
•Absorption (70%)• Clouds and atmosphere (20%)
–Short waves are absorbed in meso and thermospheres by N2 and O2
• Surface (50%)–Dark surfaces absorb more
ScatteringScattering
• Water and dust in atm. Bend sun rays
• Makes the sky blue
• sunsets
Average distribution of Average distribution of incoming solar radiationincoming solar radiation
What affects a climate’s What affects a climate’s temperature?temperature?
a. Latitude
closer to equator =warmer
closer to poles= colder
b. b. AltitudeAltitude
high altitudes =
___ temperatures
low altitudes =
___ temperatures
Water VaporWater VaporIf a desert and a rain forest are the
same temperature
during the day, would they be the
same temperature at night? Why or
why not?
c. Water Vaporc. Water Vapor
• Water vapor traps heat in the atmosphere..
At night, which is cooler—the At night, which is cooler—the land or the water?land or the water?
At night, the water is warmer than the land!
http://www.cs.indiana.edu/~nigupta/Beach-at-night.jpg
d. Coastlines vs. inlandd. Coastlines vs. inland
• Land heats up and cools off much more quickly than the water.
• Coastal= maritime
• inland= continental
Given that, why can we drive down Lake Shore Drive on a
warm spring day and see giant ice sheets on the lake?
World mean sea-level World mean sea-level temperatures in Januarytemperatures in January
Which affect most Which affect most influences temperatureinfluences temperature
latitudelatitude
ConductionConduction
• Molecules touch each other and transfer heat
CONVECTIONCONVECTION
• Transfer of heat by circulation within a substance
• Heat rises
RADIATIONRADIATION
• Transfer of energy (heat) through space by EM waves
• Sun’s energy reaching earth
Mechanisms of heat transferMechanisms of heat transfer