the “faithfulness” of honey bees as pollinators of red clover sarah maxfield-taylor oregon state...
TRANSCRIPT
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The “Faithfulness” Of Honey Bees as Pollinators Of Red Clover
Sarah Maxfield-TaylorOregon State University
Summer REU Program For Pollination Biology
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Are honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) “faithful” pollinators of red clover?
• Red clover crop production
• Pollen sampling
• Pollen identification
• Future research topics
Presentation Outline
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Oregon Clover Seed Production
32,000 Acres Of Clover (2,000 Acres of red clover)• Forage crop grown for livestock• Rotation crop
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Pollination as a limiting factor
Bumble bees are not a commercial option in Oregon.
What is the cost of using honey bees to pollinate red clover?.....
• $55/hive rental fee• Minimum of 1 hive/2 acres (2/acre avg.)• Mixed pollination results
Are the services they provide worththe cost?
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MethodsPollen Collection• Red clover field sites in the Willamette Valley• Samples were taken with a Sundance pollen trap
Pollen analysis• Samples separated out by color • Scanning Electron Microscope analysis• Reference plant collection
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Results
• Change in pollen color throughout season
• Plant families identified
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7-13-09 7-21-09 7-28-09 8-03-09 8-11-09
HAMILTON
KENNEL
7-13-09 7-21-09 7-28-09 8-03-09 8-11-09
7-13-09 7-21-09 7-28-09 8-03-09 8-11-09
7-13-09 7-21-09 7-28-09 8-03-09 8-11-09
SIMPSON
Early Bloom Bloom Peak Late Bloom Bloom End
Honey bee pollen loads collected from
all three sites
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Bull ThistleCirsium vulgare
Canada ThistleCirsium arvense
False DandelionHypochoeris radicata
Prickly LettuceLactuca sernola
Common MallowMalva neglecta
Stinking MayweedAnthemis cotula
Queen Anne’s LaceDaucus carota
Morning GloryConvulvulus arvensis
TeaselDipsacus fullonum
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Field MustardBrassica campestris
Wind FlowerEpilobium ciliatum
Sharp point fluvellinKickxia elatine
Saint Johns WartHypericum perforatum
Sweat PeaLathyrus latifolia
Tansy RagwortSenecio jacobaea
Red CloverTrifolium pratense
Arrowleaf CloverTrifolium vesiulosum savi
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False DandelionHypochoeris radicata
A single pollen load collected 7-13-09 from the Hamilton site
Red CloverTrifolium pratense
?
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A second pollen load collected 7-13-09 from the Hamilton site
False DandelionHypochoeris radicata
?Unknown
Asteraceae
Saint Johns Wart Hypericum perforatum
Red Clover Trifolium pratense
Arrowleaf Clover Trifolium vesiulosum
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A third pollen load collected 7-21-09 from the Hamilton site
Dandelion
?
Red CloverTrifolium pratense
False DandelionHypochoeris radicata
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A single pollen load collected 7-21-09 from the Kennel site
Red CloverTrifolium pratense
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Conclusion
• Foraging behavior changes throughout the season
• Honey bees are visiting red clover
• Honey bees are visiting non-crop species
• Additional pollen identification needed
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Future Reseach
• Continuation of pollen analysis
• Acetolyosis
• Reference collection
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Acknowledgements• My fellow REU student researchers
• Sujaya Rao, Andy Moldenke, Sandy DeBano, Bill Steven, Jeff Miller, and all those involved with O.S.U.’s Pollination Biology REU
• Terresa Sawyer at O.S.U’s S.E.M. laboratory
• Lynn Royce-Mite Bee Farms
• Chiho Kimoto, Kimberly Skyrm, Julie Kirby, and Toni Taylor
• The NSF
• HHMI
Thank you all