the extratropical utls: observations, concepts and future directions
DESCRIPTION
The Extratropical UTLS: Observations, Concepts and Future Directions. Thanks to our sponsors!. Background / objectives for this workshop: Synthesize key observations from aircraft, satellites, .... - research aircraft: START08, SPURT, NASA, others - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Extratropical UTLS:Observations, Concepts and Future Directions
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Thanks to our sponsors!
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Background / objectives for this workshop:
• Synthesize key observations from aircraft, satellites, ....
- research aircraft: START08, SPURT, NASA, others- in-service aircraft: MOZAIC, CARIBIC, CONTRAIL- many satellite and ground-based data sets
• Current state of UTLS modeling (process, regional and global models) - what observed aspects are not well simulated?
• Highlight key uncertainties in understanding
• Identify specific future research needs (observations and models)
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START08/PreHIPPO April-June 2008
• > 120 hours of measurements• > 1000 whole air samples
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SPURT Oct 2001- Sept 2003
CO in PV-theta coordinates
observations forall seasons
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Sampling from research aircraft
Tilmes, Pan et al, 2009
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CARIBICmeasurements since 2004
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> 28,000 flights !
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Mixing on top of the STJ
Jet
Key transport pathways and processes influencing the UTLS
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Hot topics:• tropopause inversion layer
• multiple tropopauses – tropospheric intrusions
• chemical structure of ExTL (including short-lived species)
• spatial structure of ExTL transport/mixing
• Asian monsoon anticyclone
• influence of deep convection
• variability and trends in UTLS composition
• global tropopause trends / widening of the tropics
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The tropopause inversion layer Birner, 2002, 2006
tropopause-based
coordinate
temp stability
average vertical structure from high-resolution radiosondes near 45o N, calculated using ground-based and tropopause-based coordinates
ground-basedcoordinate
sharpmaximum
in N2
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Climatology of TIL from GPS data
DJF JJA
summer polar maximum
N2 in tropopausecoordinates
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GPS observations(subsampled like model)
model results
Observed and modeledglobal TIL structure
(tropopause coordinates)
Results from CCMvalChapter 7
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Multiple tropopauses and tropospheric intrusions
HIRDLSozone
staticstability
double tropopauselinked to
intrusion abovesubtropical jet
Pan et al, JGR, 2009
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fraction of trajectoriesoriginating equatorward
of 10o
transportabove
subtropical jet
Jet
Jet
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Chemical structure of the ExTL (Hegglin et al, JGR, 2009)
mixinglayer
tropopausePV=3.5
ACEsatellite
data
H2O
O3
CO
using tracer correlationsto definemixing layer
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Water vapor mixing layer
model-observationscomparison fromCCMval Chapter 7
Distance fromtropopause (km)
aircraft data
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Synoptic spatial structure of transport and mixing
Pan et al, JGR, 2008
Jet
mixing on cyclonicside of jet
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CH2Cl2 vs. O3 correlation START08
from Elliot Atlas
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Mixing pathways and tracer correlation
Tropics Pole
Jet
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UTLS hydrocarbons: merging aircraft, satellites and modeling
WAS aircraft vs. ACE satelliteACE
WACCM
from Mijeong Park
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Asian monsoon anticyclone:
strong dynamical and chemical influence on summer UTLS
MLS 100 hPacarbon monoxide
Park et al, JGR, 2008, 2009
variabilitylinked tomonsoon
convection
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Tropopause Height Trends (1979-2005)
Trend (km/decade)
-0.25 0.25 0.500.00
Latit
ude
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
ObservationsCCMval REFB1 model results
0.1 km/decade Thanks toAndrew GettelmanSeidel and Randel, JGR, 2006
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global tropopause trends / widening of the tropics
0
5
10
15
20
-90 900 30 60-30-60
Heig
ht (k
m)
Latitude
JJ
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Metrics for width of the tropics:
0
5
10
15
20
-90 900 30 60-30-60
Heig
ht (k
m)
Latitude
JJ
number of days with tropopause > 15 km
jet streamseparation
Hadley cellboundary
(w=0)downwelling
latitude(OLR max)
ozone gradientacross subtropics
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global tropopause trends / widening of the tropics
Seidel et al, Nature Geo., 2008
net change:2 o- 4o
Question: how relevant is the stratosphere?
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Influence of ozone on SH tropical widening (Son et al, GRL, 2009)
Ozone depletion leads to larger poleward shift of SH jet and Hadley cell
IPCC AR4 model results
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Workshop format:
• Overview talks, contributed talks and posters
- Dynamical structure- Chemical structure- Transport and STE- Chemistry and microphysics- Long-term variability- Future missions
• Rapporteur groups for each Session. Will lead a discussion of key points each morning.
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Output of the Workshop:
• Synthesis of key results from each session (what’s new?)
• What are critical uncertainties?
• Identify current gaps and future research priorities
-> Article for SPARC Newsletter
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Posters:
Please put up your poster before or during lunch today.
Poster viewing / discussions:
Monday (extended lunch / poster time 12:00 – 2:30)
Tuesday (reception / poster time 5:30 – 7:00)
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Width of the ExTL mixing layer (Hegglin et al, JGR, 2009)
Based on H2O Based on CO
thermal tropopause
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Asian monsoon anticyclone as a pathway to the stratosphere
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HCN observations from ACE-FTS satellite
June-August climatology
tropicalminimum
transport tostratosphere via monsoon
monsoonmaximum
minimum for air with recent ocean contact