the exploration and utilization of ocean energy in china amb. wu zhenglong, vice chair, cncpec
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A PECC International Project 2011-2012 Sustainable management of Marine Resources Seminar Two: Oceans as a Source of Renewable Energy Hawaii March 26-28, 2012-3-2012. The Exploration and Utilization of Ocean Energy in China Amb. Wu Zhenglong, Vice Chair, CNCPEC. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A PECC International Project 2011-2012Sustainable management of Marine Resources
Seminar Two: Oceans as a Source of Renewable EnergyHawaii March 26-28, 2012-3-2012
The Exploration and Utilization of Ocean Energy in China
Amb. Wu Zhenglong, Vice Chair, CNCPEC
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• April 1st, 2010, “PRC Renewable Energy Law”enacted,
marking a new historical period in the exploration and utilization of the renewable energy in China.
• ocean energy --an important part of renewable energy, --a focus of China’s renewable energy
development.
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I. The exploitation of the ocean energy is of strategic significance
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Ocean Energy
• The ocean energy: all forms of natural energy sources embedded in the sea or derived from the sea.
• Renewable ocean energy: tidal energy, wave energy, current energy, thermal gradient energy, salinity gradient energy, sea biomass energy, and offshore wind energy.
• A massive source of clean and renewable energy, ocean energy drew extensive attention from the coastal countries in1970s.
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Why ocean energy for the world
• In new century, depleting fossil nergy ,tremendous pressure of global climate change,necessity of energy conservation and emission reduction
• international consensus: only with the clean energy technology can a country lead the global economy of the 21st century.
• ocean energy: strategic importance in the future
energy development.
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China’s emission reduction goal
Backdrop: UN Climate Change Framework Convention,World Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen
Chinese government goal:GHG emission control on Nov.25th, 2009
• cutting CO2 emission by 40% to 50% per unit of GDP against the 2005 level
• incorporating this as a binding indicator in the medium to long term national economic and social development plans.
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Why Ocean Energy ?
The ocean energy :a major part in efforts to realize this action plan
China’s theoretical installed capacity of offshore ocean energy : > 2750 Gigawatt, three times the total installed capacity of electricity in 2009.
. .
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Strategic importance
- optimizing energy structure - developing clean energy - dealing with climate change - promoting low carbon economy
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II. China has great potential to tap in ocean energy
China: a big ocean country with -a coastline of 18000 kilometers -over 6900 islands bigger than 500 sq
uaremeters in area, - rich in ocean energy reserves
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Tidal energy
The total capacity developable ≈ 22 gigawatt
mainly found in the coastal areas • -Qiantangjiang River Estuary,Zhejiang Province• - Leqing Bay,Zhejiang Province• -Sandu Bay, Fujian Province• -Luyuan Bay,Fujian Province
An average tidal range of four to five meters
maximum tidal range being 7 to 8.5 meters.
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Current energy
• The developable capacity ≈ 14 gigawatt.
• Zhejiang Province >50% with 37 waterways in its coastal area.
• Fujian + Liaoning Provinces ≈ 42%
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Wave energy
Total developable capacity ≈ 13 gigawatt
offshore winds relatively weak
• China’s power density is low with an average capacity =2-7 kilowatt /meter
• given the vast waters, many regions are developable
• Zhejiang+ Fujian + Guangdong provinces > 40% ,Shangdong > 10%.
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Thermal gradient energy
• Thermal gradient energy reserves: the biggest in all types of ocean energy
• developable capacity= 1300 gigawatts• richest reserves in the South China Sea w
aters • -highest power density • - temperature difference between the surf
ace water and deep water = 20 to 24 degrees Celsius.
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Wind energy and biomass energy
• Rich offshore wind energy and biomass energy.
• developable offshore wind energy = 450 gigawatts, three times the land wind energy
• Fujian, Jiangsu and Shandong rank top 3 • A large number of oil-rich algae species su
itable for development and utilization for biomass energy.
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China’s endowment of ocean energy
• Rich current and thermal gradient energy leading the world in power density
• Medium level in tidal energy
• The offshore wind energy and marine bio-mass energy present great potential for development.
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III. Where we are in technology for the exploration and utilization of
ocean energy
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What we have done
• Starting from 1960s,
- conducted an extensive survey of ocean energy sources
- started to build tidal power stations
- developed the technologies of wave energy, tidal energy, thermal gradient energy, and salinity gradient energy.
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Status quo of energy development techs
• Relatively mature technologies of tidal power generation
• -Jiangxia Experimental Power Station in commercial operation, ranking No. 3 in the world in terms of installed capacity
• technologies for wave and current power generation are still at the stage of experiment and demonstration.
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Status quo of energy development techs (continued)
A series of invention patents and scientific and technological achievements claimed in wave power generation e.x.
• - 40-watt buoy wave power generation device • - 10-watt wave power generation device for navigation fli
ghts• - 100 kilowatt oscillating water column wave power plant
in Shanwei, Guangdong Province• - a 30-kilowatt oscillating wave power stationin
Daguandao, Shandong • Substantial progress has been made in current energy a
nd thermal gradient energy.
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Measures taken to Promote Ocean Energy
Support E&U in research, application, and management. R&D and demonstration of major ocean energy technologies listed as the key itemsin Scientific and Technological Support Plan of the 11th Five Year Plan.e.x.
• - the 100 kilowatt buoy wave power plant• - the 100 kilowatt oscillating wave power p
lant.
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Special Programs
• --Survey and evaluate through general site prospecting and assessment the ocean energy reserves and developable capacity
• -- Build independent power plants on nearshore islands as a demo by making comprehensive use of wave energy, solar energy and island wind energy.
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National 863 Plan• Several projects set to support the basic st
udies of ocean energy and the development of key technologies for the power generation facilities.
• These projects helped to substantially enhance China’s capacity for independent innovation and provide a solid base for the industrialization of ocean power generation.
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IV. Outlook for China's future development of ocean energy
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Strategy• In line with national strategy of the development of sustai
nable energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, China is drafting“Special Plan for the Development of Renewable Ocean Energy”
• Given technological gap in the development of ocean energy, China will accelerate international cooperation and domestic innovation in exploration and utilization of ocean energy
• Surmount the bottlenecks for the use of ocean energy through experimental and demonstrative projects.
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Policy• Initiate and improve relevant policies and public
utility system • Facilitate general public's access to power on th
e remote islands in process of enforcement of “Law on Island Protection”
• Promote the development of the technologies and the industry of sustainable ocean energy
• Improve the R&D capacity and the level of industrialization,
• Enhance the ability to develop and use ocean energy on a large scale.
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Technological forecast 2015 • by 2015, China will catch up the level of the adv
anced countries at the turn of this century in terms of general capacity of ocean energy development and utilization.
• - acquire a substantial capacity of demonstrating and applying the ocean power generation system
• - reach level of practical application for ocean energy development technology
• - extend technologies for large scale tidal energy internationally
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Technological forecast 2015 (continued)
• -grasp and localize core technologies of offshore wind power generation for scale production
• -overcome key technological barriers for current power generation
• -develop wave energy technologies suitable for China’s marine features
• -make greater efforts to study comprehensive use of thermal gradient energy.
• -beef up studies on ocean biomass energy with applicable prospects.
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A Structured Ocean Energy Industry
• Establish the supporting service system • Set up comprehensive test centers • Step up process of industrialization of ocean ene
rgy in a substantial way. • Help to form an industrial chain of R&D, equipm
ent manufacturing, project engineering, and operation and management .
• Develop a compatible soft environment with a standard system, regulations and mechanisms on the management of ocean energy.
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Thank you !