1. Republican refugees after the Civil War

2. politics and repression the fascism If it is necessary to kill half of the population, it will be done It was said by Franco in a English newspaper interviewed. 3. The Guerrilleros were created when the fascists were occupying territories The fascist repression: - 190,000 dead people - 143,000 missing people in ditches and graves - 4,000 dead children in the San Rafaels Cemetery Socialist Communist Anarchist 4. One million Spanish workers had to leave Spain to find work There was a strike in Barcelona due to the raising of the bus tickets 5. The represion was brutal with imprisionments, deportations and tortures 6. The Socialist Party and the Communist in exile led the opposition . 1948 an attempt by Socialists to replace Franco. 1962 Munich Conspiracy.From then till 1973, the actions of the opposition were reduced strongly. Radio station-The-Pyrenees THE OPPOSITION MADE OUTSIDE THE SPANISH FRONTIERS 7. Tierno Galvn, Jos Luis Aranguren and Augustn Garca Calvo were expelled form the University (1965) Two platforms were created: -Junta Democratica - Plataforma de Convergencia Democrtica December the 20th 1973: Operation Ogre and its consecuence. Salvador Puig Antich Cordinacin Democrtica 8. THE EXILE 1st exile: 15,000 to 20,000 people 2nd exile: about 125,000 people 3rd exile: about 40,000 people 4th exile: about 25,000 people 5th exile: about 500,000 people Reasons why they went into exile: - Ideological reasons - Fear of reprisals by the victors The "Valire report, made by the French Government (9th March, 1939) considered the presence of 440,000 Spanish refugees in France. 9. A long way to liberty 10. DESTINATIONS France North Africa Mexico Chile Dominican Republic Cuba Santo Domingo Colombia Venezuela USSR 11. Camp of Rivesaltes Camp of Argeles Camp of Mauthausen 12. exilied . exilied 13. INDALECIO PRIETO (1883-1962) EXILED POLITICAL CAREER Minister of Finance (Spain) 14 April-16 December 1931 Minister of Public Works (Spain) 16 December 1931-12 September 1933 Minister of Marine and Air (Spain) 4 September 1936-17 May 1937 Minister of Defense (Spain) 17 May 1937-5 April 1938 President of PSOE 1935-1948 Deputy in the General Courts of Spain (Bilbao) 12 March 1918-15 September 1923 Deputy in the General Courts of Spain (Bilbao) 4 July 1931-2 February 1939 14. NICETO ALCAL-ZAMORA (1877-1949) EXILED POLITICAL CAREER President of the Spanish Republic 10 December 1931-7 April 1936 President of the Provisional Government of the Spanish Republic 14 April 1931-14 October 1931 Minister of Public Works and Transport (Spain) 1917-1918 Minister of War (Spain) 7 December 1922-28 May 1923 15. MANUEL AZAA (1880-1940) exilied He was the First Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic He was as Primer Minister 1936-1939 1936 19311933 He was the second and last President of the Republic 16. FRANCISCO LARGO CABALLERO (1869-1946) EXILED POLITICAL CAREER President of the Council of Ministers of Spain Minister of Labour and Social Welfare (Spain) Minister of War (Spain) President of PSOE President of UGT Deputy of General Courts (Barcelona) Deputy of the National Consultative Assembly Deputy of General Courts (Madrid) Despus de algo ms de un kilmetro de marcha tuve que detenerme. La caravana continu su marcha. Un SS de los que vigilaban se qued conmigo. Intent obligarme a marchar a puntapis y puetazos. Protest violentamente. Me dio no s cuntos culatazos con su fusil. Ca al suelo. Mi verdugo se enervaba cada vez ms. Me sigui pegando hasta que se fatig. Para acabar, intent persuadirme de que le siguiese a un bosque de pinos que estaba al borde la carretera. 17. DOLORES IBRRURI, 'LA PASIONARIA' (1895-1989) EXILED POLITICAL CAREER General Secretary of PCE 17 March 1942-3 July 1960 President of PCE 3 July 1960-9 December 1989 Deputy of General Courts (Asturias) 26 February 1936-2 February 1939 Deputy of General Courts (Asturias) 13 July 1977-2 January 1979 Speech of the strike of Asturias, 1962 18. SEVERO OCHOA (1905 1993) EXILIED It was Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1959 for his research on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid, RNA. The Spanish civil war and the difficult postwar not facilitate scientific activity in Spain so he eventually settling in New York. 19. LUIS BUUEL (1900 1983) EXILIED He was a film director, most of his work was held in Mexico and France, and is considered one of the most important and original directors in the history of cinema. Buuel after the coup of Francoist state remained faithful to the Second Republic. 20. FRANCISCO AYALA (1906 2009) EXILIED His first land of refuge was Argentina, where he emigrated in 1939 with his family. In Buenos Aires participated in cultural life as a teacher and translator, and Ayala Seller founded with his brother. A life without literature is not a human life (Francisco Ayalas thoughts) Dog Kills (1958) the bottom of the glass (1962). 21. ANTONIO GAYA NUO (1913-1976) exilied 22. MARIA ZAMBRANO (1904-1991) exilied She was an essayist and a philosopher . she couldt stand The Black Spain. The human being has the capacity to watch all around but the human being is unable to look inside himself. (Maria Zambranos thoughts) The reason of her exile was that: 23. MAX AUB (1903-1972) exilied By 1940, the Franco regime had come to consider him a serious opponent, and in March 1940 he was denounced as a militant communist and a "German-Jew", and therefore a possible spy or traitor. He was imprisoned for a year in Camp Vernet. Campo de Almendros Las buenas intenciones 24. ANTONIO MACHADO (1875 1939) exilied . He was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation of '98. Antonio Machado was a Republican. Con las primeras hojas de los chopos y las ltimas flores de los almendros, la primavera traa a nuestra Repblica de la mano. The poet continues to publish in La Vanguardia. 25. ALTOLAGUIRRE (1905 1959) EXILIED He was a poet, writer and filmmaker Spanish. The family lived in Cuba and Mexico. His most important activity in Mexico was the cinema. During the Spanish Civil War, Altolaguirre becomes a member of the Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals 26. EMILIO PRADOS (1899 1962) EXILIED He was a Spanish poet and editor. A member of the Generation of '27. He took refuge in Mexico, where he survived dedicated to teaching. 27. Pedro Salinas (1891 1951) EXILIED When the Spanish Civil War broke out he was forced into exile . It is part of the Generation of '27. He worked as a professor at universities in Wellesley, Baltimore and later at the University of Puerto Rico. 28. LUIS CERNUDA (1902-1963) exilied In November 1952, he settled in Mexico with his old friends Concha Mndez and Altolaguire. He died in Concha Mndez's house of a heart attack on 5 November 1962. 29. RAFAEL ALBERTI Y MTERESA LEN exilied He was considered one of the greatest literary figures of the so-called Silver Age of Spanish. His wife died on December 13, 1988 from Alzheimers disease. And he died in October 28, 1999, Cdiz 30. JUAN RAMN JIMENEZ (1881 -1958) exilied He published his first two books at the age of eighteen, in 1900. Upon the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he and Zenobia went into exile in Puerto Rico. In 1956, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Platero y yo is one of the most popular works. 31. RAMN J.SENDER (1919 1926) exilied He took part in the Rif War When the Spanish Civil War began, Sender immediately enlisted to help resist Franco. His most famous works include La tesis de Nancy, and Rquiem por un campesino espaol. 32. MARUXA MALLO (1902-1995) exilied It represents urban entertainments and sports, and also it shows us the dynamism of the modern life It becomes surrealistic The lastes works Paintings of the 30s Paintings of the 20s It shows us the influence of Magical Realism 33. EXILIED She was a Spanish-Mexican, para- surrealist painter and anarchist. She was born in Girona. During the Spanish Civil War she fled to Paris. REMEDIOS VARO (1908 1963) She was forced into exile from Paris during the German occupation of France and moved to Mexico City at the end of 1941 34. QUESTIONS 1. Which were the main destinations of the exiles? Colombia, Venezuela, USSR, France, Africa, Mexico, Chile, Cuba, Santo Domingo and Dominican Republic. 2. What happened when the Spaniards arrived to France? They had to go to concentration camps when they arrived. 3. How many people went into exiled? About 500.000 people. 4. Could you remember some works of Max Aub or Francisco Ayala? Francisco Ayala: Muerte de perros and El fondo del vaso Max Aub: Campo de Almendros and Las buenas intenciones 35. 5. Why the Catalonians went on strike? Because of the rise of the prices. 6. Which political groups integrated the guerrilleros? Socialist, Communist and Anarchist. 7.How died Salvador Puig Antich? He died in the Garrote Vil. 36. 8. Who is the painter? - Maruxa Mayo - Maruxa Mallo - Maruxa Abril 9. Which the followings people didnt go into exile: -Antonio Machado - Picasso - Mola - Manuel Azaa -ngeles Santos 10. In which academic circles belongs the following characters: - Gaya Nuo --> Writer - Zambrano --> Essayist and philosopher - Luis Buuel --> Film director - Indalecio Prieto --> Politic