the evolution of the planned community

the

EVOLUTION of the Planned Community

Jim Heid | FASLA, Founder

URBAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE | ALBERTA � CANADA

Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada

2004

29 May 2013

Urban Development Institute | Alberta Canada 29 May 2013

Option 1: Greenfield

Ladera Ranch, CA

PROS •  Scale of Sites •  Pricing / Structure •  Natural AmeniGes

CONS •  Approvals •  Biologic Concerns •  Infrastructure •  TransportaGon •  Focused OpposiGon


Option 2: Inner Ring Densification

Belamar - Lakewood CO

http://www.city-data.com/picfilesc/picc5931.php

PROS •  Infrastructure •  Proximity to Jobs •  Old Urbanism •  Schools and Parks

CONS •  Land Assembly •  Land Cost •  NIMBY’s •  CongesGon •  Outdated Codes


Option 3: Urban Infill

Capitol Riverfront – Washington DC

Image Credit:www.dcyards.com:

PROS •  Infrastructure •  Proximity to Jobs •  Transit Access •  ExisGng Urban

Character

CONS •  Infrastructure •  Schools •  Safety | Security •  ContaminaGon •  Market Preference

© UrbanGreen 2004

75-65% Greenfield

15-20% Suburban densification

10-15% Urban infill

New housing location projection ca 2004


#1 Can we do Greenfield better?

YES.

“Sprawl can be defined as fragmented, low density, economically homogenous, land consumptive without creating character or connection”.

Greenfield Development Without Sprawl, 2004


Hallmarks of the Planned Community

Hercules Waterfrtont, Hercules CA

§  Compact - Higher net density with amenity

§  Diverse - Land uses and types of users



Celebration – Orlando, FL

§  Land efficient - Conserve significant

natural and

cultural features

§  Resource efficient Energy, water, materials



§  Vibrant - Richness of place

§  Connectivity - Linked

open space, linked street networks



Mission Bay, San Francisco CA

§  Shared Governance

§  Consistent Maintenance

§  Community Life

Why does right, feel so … wrong?

A Decade of New Home Sales 2001-2010

US Total1 8,580,000

%

Top Ten Planned Communities2 130,386

1.5%

Top Twenty Planned Communities3 187,687

2.2%

All Planned Communities (estimated)4 800,636 9.3%

IT’S NOT JUST A FEELING



So the Issue is NOT Greenfield vs. Infill….

…..Its Sprawl vs. Planned Community

570,000 Units per year

80,000 Units per year

2008 - 2011

29 May 2013

2011

16 May 2013

“…the model that got us here, will not take us into the future”.


Population growth1 by metropolitan location 2000-2010

Inner Ring Suburb

(+5.9 M)

Mature Suburb (+3.5 M)

=1,000,000

People

Emerging Suburb (+5.1 M)

Exurb (+1.5 M)

Urban Core (-.3 M)

1 Source: Robert Lang. Based on 416 counties in the 50 largest metro areas. These contain 53.7% of total U.S. population.

Infill or Greenfield?

BOTH.

© UrbanGreen 2004

70-65% Greenfield


10-15% Urban infill

Then


Now

© UrbanGreen 2011

50-40% Greenfield


10-15% Urban infill


Gen X

Trailing Baby

Boomer

Leading Baby

Boomer

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

“Inner ring and urban core densification is temporal. Once the reality of schools, housing costs and safety become a priority for today's young professionals they will move to the suburbs, just like every generation before them.”

0%

Source:| UrbanGreen® Index Spring 2013

Percentage of respondents that selected ‘Disagree’ or ‘Strongly Disagree’

Gen X

Trailing Baby

Boomer

Leading Baby

Boomer

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

“The next generation of buyers and users have very different values and will continue to find a way to live in higher density, urban or inner ring centers, long after they have families.”

0%

Percentage of respondents that selected ‘Agree’ or ‘Strongly Agree’


….then going forward…..


Can Community still be Planned?

MAYBE.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Access to

Mixed

Uses

Access to

Outdo

or Recrea2

on

Goo

d Scho

ols

Ease of D

riving

Tran

sporta2o

n Alterna2

ves

Housing Aff

orda

bility

Proxim

ity to

Work

Gen X

Trailing Baby Boomer

Leading Baby Boomer

What do the generations want in their community?


What will stay the same? What’s going to be different?

. Planned

Community (PC) Retrofit

Community (RC)

The ‘Attractant’

Suburban lifestyle with yards, playgrounds and family life

The variety, diversity and energy that comes with urbanity

The ‘Third Place’

Create gathering places Leverage nearby high streets

The Footpath The forest trail and walking paths Walkable urbanism and connected networks

The Transport

Two cars and a garage to house them, bicycling and walking as recreation

Car share, LRT, bicycles and walking for commuting

The Shelter Diversity of detached options with some higher density ‘lifestyle’ products but largely private space

Small and compact with ‘community living rooms’


•  AMENITY

•  CONNECTIVITY

•  DIVERSITY

•  DENSITY

•  QUALITY

THE SIX ‘TY’S. Universal Truths

= SUSTAINABLITY


Universal Truth #1

AMENITY

STREETS PUBLIC REALM THIRD PLACE

Through Zone 6’-‐ 10’

U2lity Zone 5’-‐6’

Building + Furnishings Zone

5 -‐8’

Plenty of glass

Overhangs

Parking as buffer

Street Trees


Universal Truth #2a

CONNECTIVITY (Physical)


Universal Truth #2b

CONNECTIVITY (Social)


Universal Truth #3

DIVERSITY


Universal Truth #4

CURATED DENSITY


QUALITY Universal Truth #5

MEMORABLE CIVIC LANDSCAPE SIMPLE

“Innovation will vary based on geography and market”.

Will one solution fit all?

NO.


Locational Variable #1

COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION



MIXING USES

“…network of parks, plazas and green places offer breathing room. And walkable urbanism makes all these connections easy, whether headed to the corner store or high-tech headquarters”.

“…kids and adults alike splash in the refreshing waters of the Aquatic and Falcon Clubs. The 25 miles of nature trails let you get away from it all without ever leaving home”.

Suburban Planned Community Inner Ring Retrofit Community



THE VALUE PROPOSITION



ROLE OF:

PPP | CFD | BID | HOA

CONCLUSION…Redefining Roles, Redefining Outcomes

New

Communities Retrofit

Communities Infill

Communities

RIVERSIDE RESTON TOWN CENTER RINCON HILL

YEAR 1869 1988 2005+

SIZE (ACRES) 1600 460 51

POPULATION 9,000 7,500 10,000

CRAFTING COMMUNITY

Create Village Center

Add Urban Center

Leverage Urban Core

PPP ROLES Be market

knowledgable. Bring civic facilties.

Assist with land assembly. Lead approvals past

NIMBY’s

Create vision. Gain buy in.

Share financial risks

SUSTAINABIILTY GATEWAY

Stormwater Jobs Housing Transportation

Email: [email protected]

Blog: chasingbetter.com

Survey: [email protected]

16 May 2013 Urban Land Institute | Redevelopment and Reuse Council

Questions? Comments? To Learn More.

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