the evolution and development of the united states noaa national weather service universal...
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The Evolution and Development of the United States NOAA National Weather Service
Universal Radiosonde Replacement System
The Evolution and Development of the United States NOAA National Weather Service
Universal Radiosonde Replacement System
TECO 2005
World Meteorological Organization
Bucharest, Romania
TECO 2005
World Meteorological Organization
Bucharest, Romania
History of NWS 50-Year Old Radiosonde System
History of NWS 50-Year Old Radiosonde System
• One radiosonde provider until 1986
• Systems Upgrades– Minicomputer-based system to
Microcomputer Automatic Radiotheodolite (MICROART)
– Introduced Automatic Radiotheodolite Interface Card (ARTIC)• ARTIC converts radiosonde
analog signals to meteorological units
• One radiosonde provider until 1986
• Systems Upgrades– Minicomputer-based system to
Microcomputer Automatic Radiotheodolite (MICROART)
– Introduced Automatic Radiotheodolite Interface Card (ARTIC)• ARTIC converts radiosonde
analog signals to meteorological units
History of Vendor Interface with Legacy System after ARTIC Introduction
History of Vendor Interface with Legacy System after ARTIC Introduction
• VIZ continued as radiosondes provider• Space Data Division successfully
interfaced radiosondes and became supplier in 1987.
• Vaisala interfaced NWS system via their decoder in 1985.
• Vaisala awarded contract in early 90s– Substituted Vaisala SPU-11 decoder for
ARTIC–Modified RS80-56-H radiosonde
• VIZ continued as radiosondes provider• Space Data Division successfully
interfaced radiosondes and became supplier in 1987.
• Vaisala interfaced NWS system via their decoder in 1985.
• Vaisala awarded contract in early 90s– Substituted Vaisala SPU-11 decoder for
ARTIC–Modified RS80-56-H radiosonde
Advantage of Multiple Radiosonde Provider Compatibility with Generic System
Advantage of Multiple Radiosonde Provider Compatibility with Generic System
• Lower radiosonde cost
• Insurance against supply shortfalls
• Stimulates radiosonde improvement to maintain competitive edge
• Avoids replacement of entire system
• Lower radiosonde cost
• Insurance against supply shortfalls
• Stimulates radiosonde improvement to maintain competitive edge
• Avoids replacement of entire system
Network Replacement Considerations and Realities
Network Replacement Considerations and Realities
• End-of-system life • Winter RDF winds loss without transponder adjunct• Multiple radiosonde providers• Avoidance of vendor driven program changes
– Loss of Omega systems– Loss of vendors, ground systems and radiosondes
• Space Data Division discontinued producing radiosondes and ground trackers
• Vaisala buyout of Air Inc and non-support of product line• Vaisala programmed discontinuation of RS80 Series
radiosonde and selected ground receivers in 2005• Anticipated loss of Loran-C• Loss of OMEGA NAVAID system
• End-of-system life • Winter RDF winds loss without transponder adjunct• Multiple radiosonde providers• Avoidance of vendor driven program changes
– Loss of Omega systems– Loss of vendors, ground systems and radiosondes
• Space Data Division discontinued producing radiosondes and ground trackers
• Vaisala buyout of Air Inc and non-support of product line• Vaisala programmed discontinuation of RS80 Series
radiosonde and selected ground receivers in 2005• Anticipated loss of Loran-C• Loss of OMEGA NAVAID system
Commercial Systems vs System Development
Commercial Systems vs System Development
• Technology Management Corporation evaluated 5-systems against NWS requirements– Commercial systems did not support
multiple vendor radiosondes interface with generic ground receiver and software.
– Ground receivers did not support 250 Km range between radiosonde and ground receiver
• Technology Management Corporation evaluated 5-systems against NWS requirements– Commercial systems did not support
multiple vendor radiosondes interface with generic ground receiver and software.
– Ground receivers did not support 250 Km range between radiosonde and ground receiver
NCAR NEXUS Prototype Development
NCAR NEXUS Prototype Development
• Requirement– Multiple vendors support – 403 and 1680 MHz
radiosondes– Loran-C and OMEGA
based Windfinding– One person operation– Semi-automated balloon
launcher
• Requirement– Multiple vendors support – 403 and 1680 MHz
radiosondes– Loran-C and OMEGA
based Windfinding– One person operation– Semi-automated balloon
launcher
NEXUS FindingsNEXUS Findings
• Not completely open architecture• Required vendor specific decoders• Minimal impact to system hardware and
software with of new radiosondes• Broad-band receiver maximized different use
but enabled interference• Obsolescence of Omega and projected
phase-out of Loran-C• Demonstrated generic system approach
• Not completely open architecture• Required vendor specific decoders• Minimal impact to system hardware and
software with of new radiosondes• Broad-band receiver maximized different use
but enabled interference• Obsolescence of Omega and projected
phase-out of Loran-C• Demonstrated generic system approach
Radiosonde Replacement SystemRadiosonde Replacement System
• Telemetry Receiver System
• Radiosonde Signal Processing System
• Software and Workstation
• Surface Observation Instrumentation System
• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde
• Telemetry Receiver System
• Radiosonde Signal Processing System
• Software and Workstation
• Surface Observation Instrumentation System
• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde
Radiosonde Replacement System
AWIPS
RRS WORKSTATION(RWS)
WEATHER OFFICE
SPS
TRS
RSOISSENSORS
GPSSATELLITES
1680-MHz GPSRADIOSONDE
GPSREPEATER
GPS BASEANTENNA
MULTIPLEXER
RSOISDISPLAY PDB
NOAA NWS Radiosonde Replacement System
NOAA NWS Radiosonde Replacement System
• System– GPS tracking antenna• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde• New workstation and software• Circular polarized radiosonde antenna • Selectable narrow band frequency
– Requirements• Reduced radiofrequency spectrum• Increased data availability and accuracy• High resolution data for users
• System– GPS tracking antenna• 1680 MHz GPS radiosonde• New workstation and software• Circular polarized radiosonde antenna • Selectable narrow band frequency
– Requirements• Reduced radiofrequency spectrum• Increased data availability and accuracy• High resolution data for users
Radiosonde Replacement System
• Telemetry Receiving System available
• 1680 MHz GPS radiosondes– Intermet qualified – Sippican qualified and
awarded contract• Software undergoing OT&E• Additional radiosonde
qualification underway– Sippican– Intermet– Vaisala
Commercial Universal SystemCommercial Universal System
• NWS supported 10-station Caribbean network uses– NWS specified SPS– IMS 1500 tracker and
computer software– Sippican B2 radiosondes
• India Installing IMS 1500 Universal System
• WMO GCOS IMS1600 Universal System in Tanzania– Integrates Sippican Mark II
pressure radiosonde– Signal processing system
• NWS supported 10-station Caribbean network uses– NWS specified SPS– IMS 1500 tracker and
computer software– Sippican B2 radiosondes
• India Installing IMS 1500 Universal System
• WMO GCOS IMS1600 Universal System in Tanzania– Integrates Sippican Mark II
pressure radiosonde– Signal processing system
Universal System IssuesUniversal System Issues
• Radiosonde providers may not wish to collaborate with Universal System providers– Small market vs large market– Proprietary SPS transfer equations, and software
utilities utilities to make pressure adjustments and supply radiation corrections
– Make radiosonde bandwidth and power output consistent with ground receiver bandwidth and antenna gain
– Integration of Universal system needs to be fully tested before implementation
• Radiosonde providers may not wish to collaborate with Universal System providers– Small market vs large market– Proprietary SPS transfer equations, and software
utilities utilities to make pressure adjustments and supply radiation corrections
– Make radiosonde bandwidth and power output consistent with ground receiver bandwidth and antenna gain
– Integration of Universal system needs to be fully tested before implementation
ConclusionsConclusions
• Use of 1680 MHz RDF tracker for GPS radiosondes is feasible in areas where 403 MHz band is crowded
• Universal system viable with less expensive RDF radiosondes in areas such as the Tropics and Sub-tropics where limiting wind angles remain above 13-17 degrees
• Universal system enables radiosonde competiton
• Use of 1680 MHz RDF tracker for GPS radiosondes is feasible in areas where 403 MHz band is crowded
• Universal system viable with less expensive RDF radiosondes in areas such as the Tropics and Sub-tropics where limiting wind angles remain above 13-17 degrees
• Universal system enables radiosonde competiton