the eve of revolution 1700-1775. immigration population grew from less than 300,000 in 1700 to 2.5...
TRANSCRIPT
IMMIGRATION
Population grew from less than 300,000 in 1700 to 2.5 million by 1775
Populous Colonies in 1775• Virginia• Massachusetts• Pennsylvania• North Carolina• MarylandPopulous CitiesPhiladelphiaBostonNew YorkCharlestonj
IMMIGRANT GROUPS
Germans: 6% of population by 1775• Escaped religious persecution• Economic oppression• Pennsylvania Dutch: Deutch• Lutherans: 1/3 of Penn. Population• Many settled in back country
IMMIGRANT GROUPS
Scots-Irish• 7% of population by 1775• Scottish lowlanders who had settled in Northern Ireland• Presbyterians: hated by Catholic Irish• First settled in the backwoods of Pennsylvania: migrated
along eastern Appalachia to Maryland, Virginia (Shenandoah Valley), and Western Carolinas
• Brought whiskey stills to the mountains• Resented government
• Paxton Boys (armed march on Philadelphia in 1764 to protest friendly treatment toward Indians
• Regulator Movement: North Carolina group who resented eastern control of N.C.
OTHER GROUPS
66.3% English or Welsh
20% African: 90% of these in the South
French Huguenots, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish,
Swiss, Scottish Highlanders
Group quickly mixed together to create new race
of Americans
STRUCTURE OF COLONIAL SOCIETY
Most Americans were small farmers: Yeoman
farmers
Small class of Artisans in the cities (blacksmiths,
silversmiths, merchants, store owners, and doctors)
Aristocrats: Large landowners, wealthy merchants,
officials, clergy, and lawyers
Many poor came to the colonies: orphans, widows,
and criminals
SOUTHERN SOCIETY
Large landholder and slaveholders dominated
society
Tenant farming became more common as the 18th
century went on
Slave numbers continued to increase
Many European criminals fled to the South for
farm work
COLONIAL ECONOMY
90% of people were farmers• Tobacco in Maryland and Virginia• Grain in Middle Colonies: New York especially• Rice in the SouthFishing in New England (whaling)Merchant trading in New England and along the coast of the middle colonies.
TRADE
Triangular Trade• New York, New England, and Pennsylvania housed
key harbors• Colonies sent Tobacco, Fish, Lumber, rice, indigo,
and Flour to England in exchange for Textiles and manufactured goods
• Africa sent slaves to the West Indies and the Colonies. Sugar and Molasses was sent from West Indies to the colonies in exchange for timber and food.
• The sugar and molasses were turned into rum in the colonies to be sent to Africa in exchange for slaves. Iron, gunpowder, cloth, and tools also sent to Africa