The Era of Good The Era of Good Feelings to the Feelings to the

Jacksonian Era 1814-Jacksonian Era 1814-18401840

Students will explain how the Students will explain how the economic development of the economic development of the North and South will lead to a North and South will lead to a division of the United Statesdivision of the United States

Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings President James Monroe- President James Monroe- his his

presidency will be defined by three presidency will be defined by three ideasideas

11. Purchase of Florida. Purchase of Florida2. 2. Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine3. 3. Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Industrial Revolution- Industrial Revolution- is the change from is the change from

slow hand made expensive goods, to slow hand made expensive goods, to cheaper faster machine made productscheaper faster machine made products

1. Large Scale Factories Develop1. Large Scale Factories Develop

2. Mass Production- 2. Mass Production- the production of the production of goods in goods in large large quantitiesquantities

3. First to Begin- 3. First to Begin- Great Britain who tries Great Britain who tries to to keep its secret from the worldkeep its secret from the world

4. First Begins in America- 4. First Begins in America- New New England in the England in the area of clothing productionarea of clothing production

Eli Whitney Changes the Eli Whitney Changes the South and America South and America

ForeverForever Eli Whitney-Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Cotton Gin and Interchangeable

PartsParts

Impact of the Cotton Gin-Impact of the Cotton Gin- This allowed This allowed slavery in the south to become economically slavery in the south to become economically viable. Before the Cotton Gin it was becoming viable. Before the Cotton Gin it was becoming too expensive to maintain the slave systemtoo expensive to maintain the slave system

Two Different Two Different EconomiesEconomies

Factory Kingdom-Factory Kingdom- manufacturing manufacturing becomes the becomes the backbone of the backbone of the North because soil North because soil is poor making is poor making farms smallfarms small

Slavery- Slavery- not not widely needed and widely needed and is abolished by is abolished by 1804.1804.

King Cotton-King Cotton- with the with the invention of the Cotton invention of the Cotton Gin, cotton explodes and Gin, cotton explodes and becomes huge and becomes huge and profitableprofitable

Demand- Demand- The North needs The North needs cotton for its factories; cotton for its factories; Great Britain needs cotton Great Britain needs cotton for its factoriesfor its factories

Slavery- Slavery- the rise in slavery the rise in slavery directly reflects the rise in directly reflects the rise in cotton productioncotton production

Henry ClayHenry Clay’’s American Systems American System American System-American System- designed to promote the designed to promote the

nationnation’’s economic growth s economic growth

1. Protective Tariffs-1. Protective Tariffs- would promote American would promote American manufacturingmanufacturing. .

2. 2. The Second National Bank-The Second National Bank- provides a national provides a national currencycurrency

3. 3. Transportation Improvements-Transportation Improvements- building of roads building of roads and canals to link the country together and promote and canals to link the country together and promote growthgrowth

a. a. Erie Canal and National Erie Canal and National Roads built to Roads built to link the link the countrycountry..

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine-Monroe Doctrine- it stated clearly it stated clearly

that Europe was to not interfere that Europe was to not interfere (colonization/empires) in the areas of (colonization/empires) in the areas of North and South America and in return North and South America and in return we would not bother Europewe would not bother Europe

Adams-Onis Treaty-Adams-Onis Treaty- U.S. purchases U.S. purchases Florida from Spain Florida from Spain

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise The issue-The issue- since the late 1790since the late 1790’’s when states entered the Union s when states entered the Union

there was always a balance between Northern and Southern there was always a balance between Northern and Southern statesstates

1. 1. Slavery-Slavery- Even though the North had more Even though the North had more representatives the South was equal in the Senate and representatives the South was equal in the Senate and could could block any anti-slavery lawsblock any anti-slavery laws

2. 2. New States-New States- Missouri was the 1Missouri was the 1stst state to apply from state to apply from the the Louisiana Purchase, both groups wanted this area to go Louisiana Purchase, both groups wanted this area to go with with their cause, tip the balance of powertheir cause, tip the balance of power

3. 3. Tallmadge Amendment-Tallmadge Amendment- introduced by a introduced by a representative of N.Y. it would have gradually eliminated representative of N.Y. it would have gradually eliminated slavery in the state- southerners pissed seeing it as the 1slavery in the state- southerners pissed seeing it as the 1stst step to eliminating slaverystep to eliminating slavery

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise contcont’’d….d….

Henry ClayHenry Clay’’s Missouri Compromise-s Missouri Compromise-1. 1. Missouri admitted as a slaveholding stateMissouri admitted as a slaveholding state

2. 2. Maine admitted as a free stateMaine admitted as a free state

3. 3. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’’ in the in the Louisiana Louisiana TerritoryTerritory

Aftermath- Aftermath- saved the Union for 30 years but never saved the Union for 30 years but never answered the problem of slavery, because of this answered the problem of slavery, because of this violence will be the only answer to the question.violence will be the only answer to the question.

Election of Election of 18241824

• Four National Republicans Four National Republicans Candidates campaigned-Candidates campaigned- John Quincy Adams, Henry John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and Clay, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford.William Crawford.

• Jackson won the most Jackson won the most popular votes, but did not popular votes, but did not get the majority of the get the majority of the electoral college votes.electoral college votes.

• The House of The House of Representatives had to Representatives had to choose between the top choose between the top three candidates. three candidates.

Election of 1824 Election of 1824 ContCont’’d… d…

• Adams wins-Adams wins- Henry Clay uses his Henry Clay uses his influence to get Adams elected influence to get Adams elected President.President.

• Corrupt Bargain-Corrupt Bargain- Clay appointed Clay appointed Secretary of State by Adams- Secretary of State by Adams- Jacksonians call this a Jacksonians call this a ““corrupt bargaincorrupt bargain””

Election of 1828 Election of 1828 • Adams vs. JacksonAdams vs. Jackson

• Common Man-Common Man- Jackson refers Jackson refers to himself as the common man to himself as the common man vs. Adams northern elitist ways. vs. Adams northern elitist ways. Easily winsEasily wins

• Mudslinging-Mudslinging- this is the first this is the first presidential race in which the presidential race in which the parties use rumors and lies to parties use rumors and lies to attack each otherattack each other

• The universal manhood The universal manhood suffrage-suffrage- all white males are all white males are given the right to vote for the given the right to vote for the first time in America by 1826first time in America by 1826

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson ““Old HickoryOld Hickory”” & & ““King AndrewKing Andrew””

The first president-The first president- from the West and the second without a from the West and the second without a college education. college education.

““Kitchen CabinetKitchen Cabinet””-- close friends of Jackson who help make close friends of Jackson who help make decisions about America, the cabinet has no powerdecisions about America, the cabinet has no power

Simple political ideasSimple political ideas

Man of the peopleMan of the people

Union first, statesUnion first, states’’ rights second rights second

Traditionalist- Traditionalist- see this as the beginning of mob rule of the see this as the beginning of mob rule of the United StatesUnited States

Spoils System-Spoils System- Jackson removed any non-Democrats from Jackson removed any non-Democrats from government offices and appointed loyal Democratsgovernment offices and appointed loyal Democrats

Indian Removal Act 1830 Indian Removal Act 1830 The issue-The issue- White settlers wanted White settlers wanted ““primeprime”” Native American Native American

lands, Jackson supported removing them to allow settlers to lands, Jackson supported removing them to allow settlers to claim their landsclaim their lands

The Act-The Act- For $5 million and land in the West, Native Americans For $5 million and land in the West, Native Americans are forced by Jackson to give up their traditional homelands, are forced by Jackson to give up their traditional homelands, most sent to Oklahoma. most sent to Oklahoma.

Worcester vs. Georgia-Worcester vs. Georgia- Supreme Court rules that Georgia has Supreme Court rules that Georgia has no power within Cherokee lands. no power within Cherokee lands. ““Marshall made the decision, Marshall made the decision, now let him enforce itnow let him enforce it””- Andrew Jackson- Andrew Jackson

Trail of Tears-Trail of Tears- In 1838 The U.S. Army forces 15,000 Cherokees In 1838 The U.S. Army forces 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and walk to Oklahoma. Along the way they are to leave Georgia and walk to Oklahoma. Along the way they are robbed by the Army and criminals, there to escort them but not robbed by the Army and criminals, there to escort them but not protect them. Over 4,000 die on this journeyprotect them. Over 4,000 die on this journey

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis The issue-The issue- Britain floods the U.S. with cheap goods, Britain floods the U.S. with cheap goods,

U.S. raises tariff- V.P. John Calhoun calls it the Tariff of U.S. raises tariff- V.P. John Calhoun calls it the Tariff of Abominations 1828Abominations 1828-Says the North prospers at the expense of the South -Says the North prospers at the expense of the South (Cotton was cheap)(Cotton was cheap)

Nullification Theory-Nullification Theory- idea created by Calhoun it states idea created by Calhoun it states three ideasthree ideas1. States had a right to decide to obey federal laws or 1. States had a right to decide to obey federal laws or declare them unconstitutionaldeclare them unconstitutional

2. Constitution is a compact between the states and 2. Constitution is a compact between the states and Federal governmentFederal government

3. States have the right to secede from the Union if 3. States have the right to secede from the Union if they are denied nullificationthey are denied nullification

Webster – Hayne debateWebster – Hayne debate

Famous debate that lasted nine days in Famous debate that lasted nine days in 1830. 1830.

Webster argued that no state had the Webster argued that no state had the authority to nullify of leave the Union.authority to nullify of leave the Union.

Hayne condemned the Tariff of 1828 Hayne condemned the Tariff of 1828 and championed statesand championed states’’ rights and the rights and the southsouth

Nullification ContNullification Cont’’d…d…South Carolina-South Carolina- their legislature declares the their legislature declares the

Tariffs unconstitutional and threatens to Tariffs unconstitutional and threatens to secede from the Union if the tariffs are not secede from the Union if the tariffs are not overturnedoverturned

Force Bill- Force Bill- Jackson get Congress to approve Jackson get Congress to approve the use of the Army and Navy against South the use of the Army and Navy against South Carolina and tells them nullification and Carolina and tells them nullification and secession are treasonsecession are treason

Compromise- Compromise- Henry Clay gets everyone to Henry Clay gets everyone to agree to reduce the tariff over the next 10 agree to reduce the tariff over the next 10 years- eases tensionyears- eases tension

The Bank WarsThe Bank Wars Clay & Webster-Clay & Webster- they bring up re-upping the National they bring up re-upping the National

Bank to get Jackson to veto it and have him lose support Bank to get Jackson to veto it and have him lose support for the election of 1832. for the election of 1832.

Biddle and U.S. Bank- Biddle and U.S. Bank- He is the director of the bank and He is the director of the bank and very arrogant. Jackson accuses the bank of helping only very arrogant. Jackson accuses the bank of helping only the rich and it was unconstitutional. He vetothe rich and it was unconstitutional. He veto ’’s its s its extensionextension

Election 1832- Election 1832- Jackson wins easily and the Jackson wins easily and the ““common common manman”” agrees with him that the Bank only helps the rich agrees with him that the Bank only helps the rich and is corruptand is corrupt

Pet Banks- Pet Banks- Jackson pulls Federal money out of the U.S. Jackson pulls Federal money out of the U.S. Bank and transfers them to friendly state Bank and transfers them to friendly state ““petpet”” banks. This banks. This will lead to a collapse of credit in America, inflation and will lead to a collapse of credit in America, inflation and finally a depression in 1837finally a depression in 1837

Supreme Court Boosts National Supreme Court Boosts National PowersPowers

Gibbons vs. Ogden- Gibbons vs. Ogden- federal government controls interstate commerce

McCulloch v. Maryland- state cannot overturn laws passed by Congress

• Dartmouth College v. Woodward- state cannot interfere with contracts

The Legacy of the Jacksonian The Legacy of the Jacksonian DemocracyDemocracy

Nominating Conventions-Nominating Conventions- In the 1830s, In the 1830s, caucuses were replaced by nominating caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions in which party politicians and conventions in which party politicians and voters would gather to nominate the partyvoters would gather to nominate the party’’s s candidates. candidates.

Popular Election-Popular Election- In the Election of 1832, only In the Election of 1832, only South Carolina used the old system by which South Carolina used the old system by which presidential electors were chosen by the state presidential electors were chosen by the state legislature.legislature.

Campaigning- Campaigning- Presidential candidates now Presidential candidates now had to conduct national campaigns. Large had to conduct national campaigns. Large political parties were needed to organize them.political parties were needed to organize them.

Jacksonian Legacy Jacksonian Legacy ContCont’’d…d…

Third Parties-Third Parties- In addition to the two large national In addition to the two large national parties (at this time, they were the Democrats and parties (at this time, they were the Democrats and the Whigs), smaller political parties developed (i.e. the Whigs), smaller political parties developed (i.e. the Anti-Masons and the Workingmenthe Anti-Masons and the Workingmen’’s party.) The s party.) The Federalist party dies out after losing several Federalist party dies out after losing several elections.elections.

State and Local- State and Local- A larger number of state and local A larger number of state and local officials were elected rather appointed.officials were elected rather appointed.