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THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE METHOD
OF THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOM
IN THE SUBTITLE OF FRIDAY NIGHT LIGHTS MOVIE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
By`
MELKIANUS PASANGKA
Student Number: 104214113
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2016
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THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE METHOD
OF THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH IDIOM
IN THE SUBTITLE OF FRIDAY NIGHT LIGHTS MOVIE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
By
MELKIANUS PASANGKA
Student Number: 104214113
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2016
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Walk on through the wind
Walk on through the rain
Though your dreams be tossed and blown
(Gerry and Pacemakers – You’ll never walk alone)
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FOR
MY LORD JESUS CHRIST
AND
MY BELOVED PARENTS,
SISTERS, BROTHER
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ for His blessing on me during
the whole process of this undergraduate thesis writing. Just like what He says
“and know that I am with you to the end of time”. He never stops holding my
arms, walks with me and believe in me even in my darkest time.
I would like to thank my advisor, Harris Hermansyah Setiajid, M.Hum.,for
his patience, guidance, and help during the process of thesis writing. I would also
like to thank to my Adventina Putranti, M.Hum., for giving me essential points in
order to make this undergraduate thesis better. I would like to thank also to my
lecturers in Faculty of Letters who share their knowledge and experience. I also
thank the secretariat staff, Mbak Ninik, who always helps me and other students
during our study in English Letters Department.
My special thanks to my beloved parents, who never stop believing in me. I
also thank my elder sister, who never stops teaching and supporting me in every
single step of my life. I also thank my brother and sisters for their endless love
and support.
A lot ofthanks to Cynthia Ray, who always helps me during my thesis
writing. Many thanks must also be given to my friends; James, Patrick, Tyo,
Ryan, Panji, Ceribo, Willy, Martin, for their support, laughter, and smile. I would
like to thank also to other people that I cannot mention one by one.
Melkianus Pasangka
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .............................................................................................. ii
APPROVAL PAGE ..................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ............................................................................... iv
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................... v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ... vi
MOTTO PAGE ........................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ x
LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS ...................................................... xii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. xiii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1
B. Problem Formulation ........................................................................ 4
C. Object of the Study ............................................................................ 4
D. Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ............................................. 6
A. Review of Related Study ................................................................... 6
B. Review of Related Theories .............................................................. 8
1. Theory of Idiom ......................................................................... 8
2. Theory of Equivalence ............................................................... 10
3. Theory of Film Translation ......................................................... 11
4. Theory of Translation Method ................................................... 12
C. Theoretical Frameworks .................................................................... 14
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 16
A. Area of Research ............................................................................... 16
B. Object of the Study............................................................................. 16
C. Method of the Study .......................................................................... 16
D. Research Procedure ........................................................................... 17
1. Types of Data ............................................................................. 17
2. Data Collection ........................................................................... 17
3. Population ................................................................................... 19
4. Data Analysis ............................................................................. 19
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................... 21
A. The Equivalence of Indonesian Translation of English Idioms ......... 21
1. Idiom Translation Strategy .......................................................... 22
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2. EquivalentTranslation ................................................................. 28
B. Translation Methods of English Idioms into Indonesian ................... 42
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .................................................................. 55
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................... 57
APPENDICES ............................................................................................. 59
Appendix 1: Data Collection .................................................................. 59
Appendix 2: Idiom and Equivalence Category .................................... 60
Appendix 3: Translation Method Category ......................................... 61
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1. Table of Example of Equivalent Translation ............................ 18
Table 3.2. Table of Example of Translation Method ................................ 19
Table 3.3. Table of Example of Idiom Translation Strategy ..................... 19
Table 3.4. Table for Equivalent Translation .............................................. 20
Table 3.5. Table for Translation Method .................................................. 20
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 1 Idiom Translation Strategy ....................................................... 22
Diagram 2 Equivalent Translation .............................................................. 29
Diagram 3 Translation Method .................................................................. 42
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ABSTRACT
PASANGKA, MELKIANUS. The Equivalence and The Method of The
Indonesian Translation of English Idiom in The Subtitle of Friday Night
Lights Movie.Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Sanata Dharma
University, 2016.
This undergraduate thesis discusses the equivalence and the translation
method of English idioms found in the Friday Night Lights movie subtitle. The
difficulty that translator faces to translate idioms in the movie subtitle is how to
make idioms in the source language can be accepted and understood by target
readers. The translation must be delivered accurately to the target language so
target readers can understand the context of the movie.
The researcher analyzes two problems in this study. The first problem is the
equivalence of Indonesian translation of English idioms. The second problem is
the translation method that applied in translating English idioms into Indonesian
in Friday Night Lights movie subtitle.
To conduct the analysis, the researcher uses a library research method. The
library research is used to find theories needed by the researcher such as theory of
idiom, theory of subtitle, theory of equivalence, and theory of translation method.
The first problem analyzed in this study is the equivalence of Indonesian
translation of English idioms. To answer this problem, the researcher uses theory
of equivalence from Nida. The researcher found 14 idioms in the Friday Night
Lights movie subtitle. There are 3 idioms and its translation categorized as formal
equivalence and 11 idioms as dynamic equivalence.
The second problem analyzed in this study is the translation method that
applied in translating English idioms into Indonesian in the movie subtitle. The
answer this problem, the researcher uses theory of translation method from
Newmark. The researcher found 14 idioms; 4 idioms translated by using semantic
translation method and 10 idioms translated by using communicative translation
method.
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ABSTRAK
Pasangka, Melkianus. The Equivalence and The Method of The Indonesian
Translation of English Idiom in The Subtitle of Friday Night Lights Movie.
Yogyakarta; Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma,
2016.
Skripsi ini membahas tentang ekuivalensi dan metode penerjemahan dari
idiom bahasa inggris yang ditemukan dalam teks terjemahan film Friday Night
Lights.Kesulitan yang dihadapi penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan idiom dalam
teks terjemahan film adalah bagaimana idiom dari bahasa sumber dapat diterima
dan dipahami oleh penonton bahasa sasaran. Hasil terjemahan harus tersampaikan
secara akurat kedalam bahasa sasaran agar penonton dapat mengerti makna dari
film.
Peneliti meneliti 2 masalah dalam studi ini. Masalah pertama adalah
ekuivalensi dari terjemahan bahasa Indonesia dengan idiom bahasa Inggris.
Masalah kedua adalah metode penerjemahan yang diterapkan dalam
menerjemahkan idiom bahasa Inggris kedalam bahasa Indonesia pada teks
terjemahan film Friday Night Lights.
Untuk mendukung analisis, peneliti menggunakan metode studi pustaka.Studi
pustaka digunakan untuk menemukan teori – teori yang dibutuhkan oleh peneliti
seperti teori idiom, teori teks terjemahan, teori ekuivalen, dan teori metode
penerjemahan.
Masalah pertama dalam studi ini adalah ekuivalensi dari terjemahan bahasa
Indonesia dengan idiom bahasa Inggris. Untuk menjawab masalah ini peneliti
menggunakan teori ekuivalen dari Nida. Peneliti menemukan 14 idiom dalam teks
terjemahan film Friday Night Lights. Terdapat 3 idiom dan terjemahannya
dikategorikan sebagai formal equivalence dan 11 idiom dikategorikan sebagai
dynamic equivalence.
Masalah kedua dalam studi ini adalah metode penerjemahan yang digunakan
dalam menerjemahkan idiom bahasa Inggris kedalam bahasa Indonesia pada teks
terjemahan film. Untuk menjawab masalah ini peneliti menggunakan teori metode
penerjemahan dari Newmark.Peneliti menemukan 14 idiom; 4 idiom
diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan semantic translation dan 10 idiom
diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan communicative translation.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Translation has become a part of society all over the world. For example,
traders in the past who travelled to other country used local people as a translator
to communicate with people in their destination. A translator helps them to do
their business activity.
The format of translation in the past is verbal version but today translation is
also in written version. One of the examples is movie. Movie has become a part
that cannot be separated from human life. There are many sources for people to
watch movie. People can watch movie in the cinema, by rent it in the rental movie
or download movie via website. Movie has become an entertainment media and a
tool for people to learn about culture from every country.
As previously stated above, people can learn about culture, habit, and
language of people from other country by watching movie. The way of actors
speaks to each other helps people to understand the behaviour and mind set of
actors. Visualization such as places or things from the movie also helps people to
understand about the condition of society in some countries.
Another aspect from the movie that helps people learn about other society is
translation in form of subtitle. Through text or subtitle, which is shown at the
bottom of the movie, people or audience can learn about the habit, the idea, the
custom or even the culture as whole part from the society of other country.
Subtitle is also functioned as a text that gives direct message from the Source
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Language (SL) to the Target Language (TL). Subtitle helps the viewers to
understand the story or the plot of a movie.
However, there are some problems that people can find in the film subtitle.
One of them is cultural language expression, such as idiom. Baker said that there
are four things that make the result in translating idiom is not equivalent with the
language of the TL. The first one is that an idiom or fixed expression may have no
equivalent in the TL. The second is that an idiom or fixed expression may have a
similar counterpart in the TL. The third is that an idiom may be used in the SL in
both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. The last is the very
convention of using idioms in written discourse, the contexts in which they can be
used, and their frequency of use may be different in the SL and TL (Baker,
1992:71).
As a result, in order to make a good translation of idiom a translator must
learn deeper with the language from SL. A translator also must analyse the text
meaning from SL then use an appropriate method to TL so the message delivered
clearly.
A translator who takes the time to study carefully the source language text, to
write a semantic analysis of it, and then to look for the equivalent way in
which the same message is expressed naturally in the receptor language, will
be able to provide an adequate, and sometime brilliant translation (Larson,
1984:22).
Here are some examples of translating idiom from Source Text into Target
Text based on the movie subtitle.
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ST/1/01:04:02 → Empty handed into tangan hampa
ST/1/01:04:02 And one of them home empty handed
TT/1/01:04:02 Dan satu terlempar dengan tangan hampa
ST idiomempty handed and TT idiom tangan hampa have similar meaning.
Idiom Empty handedin idiom dictionary authorized by Slamet Riyanto has a
meaning carrying nothing or gained nothing while idiom tangan hampain idiom
dictionary authorized by Abdul Chaer has a meaning ‘tidak memperoleh hasil’ (do
not get anything). The form of these two idioms are also similar because the idiom
tangan hampa is come from same origin, empty handed.
ST/2/00:10:27 → Use your mind into bermain dengan akal
ST/2/00:10:27 You’re gonna use your mind
TT/2/00:10:27 Kau harus bermain dengan akalmu
TLbermain dengan akaland SL use your mind are quite similar in meaning.
Idiom bermain dengan akal in idiom dictionary authorized by Abdul Chaer is
defined as ‘melakukan penipuan’ (cheating) while use your mind in idiom
dictionary authorized by William Freeman defined as use brain or mind to do
something. Based on their form, both of these idioms have dissimilar form.
Bermain dengan akal is a pure idiom while use your mind is a semi idiom.
Friday Night Lights movie is chosen since this movie contains many
unfamiliar idioms for readers in the target language (Indonesia). The analysis of
this study focuses on finding the equivalence of Indonesian translation of English
idioms and the translation methods that applied in translating English idioms into
Indonesian.
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B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background of the study, the researcher comes up with two
problems formulation.
1. What is the equivalence level of Indonesian translation of English idioms in
Friday Night Lights movie like?
2. What are the translation methods applied in translating English idioms into
Indonesian in Friday Night Lights movie?
C. Object of the Study
This research aims to find out how a translator translates the English idioms
in Friday Night Lights movie. It analyses whether the translation of the English
idioms from the movie is equivalent with its translation in the TT. Finally, the last
analysis is to find out how the translation method applied in translating English
idioms into Indonesian as the TL.
D. Definition of Terms
Idiom, according to Beckman and Callow, is an expression of at least two
words which cannot be understood literally and which function as a unit
semantically (Beckman and Callow, 1974:121).
Equivalence is the condition where texts in different languages can be
equivalent in different degrees (fully or partially equivalent), in respect of
different level of presentation (equivalent in respect of context, of semantics, of
grammar, of lexis, etc.) and at different ranks (word-for-word, phrase-for-phrase,
sentence-for-sentence) (Bell, 1991:6).
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Translation method, which is stated by Loescher,is a potentially conscious
procedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it
(Loescher, 1991:8).
Subtitle based on Audiovisual Translation is a written text generally on the
lower part of the screen, that endeavours to recount the original dialogue of the
speakers, as well as the discursive elements that appear in the image and the
information that is contained on the soundtrack (Cintas and Remael, 2014:9).
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter elaborates the theoretical review used in this research. It contains
of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework of the
research.
A. Review of Related Study
There are four related studies researcher uses as a comparison with this study.
The first is an undergraduate thesis written by Cylas Desidarus Rianantang titled
“Classification of Translation Strategies of Pure Idioms in the Translation of
Pramoedya’s Rumah Kaca into House of Glass by Max Lane”. This study
concerns about the research of pure idiom and the translation strategies of pure
idiom applied in the Pramoedya’s Rumah Kaca into House of Glass. To analyze
pure idiom, he uses three strategies which are using an idiom of similar meaning
and form, using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form and translation
by paraphrase.
The second study is written by Winda Adeputri Djohar in her undergraduate
thesis title “The Equivalence and The Acceptability of the Translation of
Discourse Markers in John Boyne’s The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas”. She focuses
on two things which are the equivalence and the acceptability of the translation of
Discourse Markers in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas.
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The third study is an undergraduate thesis written by Pangastuti Adi Hapsari
“The Translation Equivalence in the Translation of Phrasal Verbs that Experience
Translation Shift in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory into Charlie dan Pabrik
Cokelat Ajaib”. This study concerns on the equivalence translation of phrasal
verbs taken from novel. Phrasal verbs are used as a material to be analyzed
because phrasal verbs cannot be translated into Indonesian instantly.
The fourth study is an undergraduate thesis written by Grasia Atika Susanti
titled “The Accuracy and Readability of the Translation of English Cultural Terms
in the Indonesian Subtitle of “JUMANI” Movie”. This study concerns on the
accuracy and readability of English cultural terms in the movie subtitle. She says
cultural terms should be translated accurately so readers can accept and
understand it clearly.
The differences between studies above with this study are the focus of the
study, the subject, and the source of the data. The study from Rianantang focuses
on the equivalent of the translation of pure idiom from ST to TT and the
translation strategies. The data from Rianantang are taken from novel. This study
also focuses on the equivalent of idiom but it uses translation method for further
analyze and the data are taken from movie subtitle.
The study from Djohar focuses on the equivalence and the acceptability of
Discourse Markers. Djohar uses novel as the data source. She uses qualitative
method and document analysis to get information on Discourse Markers. Djohar
uses the empirical research to find the equivalence and the acceptability of DM.
This study does not use DM but idioms, taken from movie subtitle, as the object
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of research. The researcher finds the equivalence of idioms and the translation
method that applied in the subtitle.
The focus of the study of Hapsari with this study is same but the source
material is different. Both of these studies are focus on the translation equivalent.
Hapsari concerns with phrasal verbs from English to Indonesian but this study
concerns with idiom from English to Indonesian. The datacollection that Hapsari
used is taken from novel while the data of this study is taken from movie subtitle.
The focus of study from Susanti is the accuracy and readability of English
cultural terms found in the movie subtitle. The data of this study is also taken
from movie subtitle but the focus is different with Susanti’s thesis. This thesis
focuses on the equivalence and translation method that applied in the movie
subtitle.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Idiom Translation
In the book titled In Other Words, Mona Baker classifies theory to analyze
idiom in 5 points; “using an idiom of similar meaning and form, using an idiom of
similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing the source language idiom,
translation by paraphrase, and translation by omission” (1992:78 – 86).
a. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form
This strategy involves using an idiom in the target language which
conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and,
in addition, consists of equivalent lexical items. As an example, English
idiom two- faced is translated into Indonesian idiom “bermuka dua”. Both of
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these two idioms have same meaning, which is saying one thing and meaning
another.
b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form
This strategy is used to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target
language which has a meaning similar to that of the source idiom or
expression, but which consists of different lexical items. As an example,
English idiom use your mind is translated into Indonesian idiom ‘bermain
dengan akal”. Both of these two idioms have similar meaning but different
lexical item. These two idioms are pointed to a condition of people who use
their brain to do something. The difference is English idiom uses word use
while Indonesian idiom uses word “bermain”.
c. Borrowing the source language idiom
This is a common strategy in dealing with culture-specific items. It is
unusual for idioms to be borrowed in their original form in some contexts. As
an example English idiom devil’s advocate is borrowing from Latin, which is
advocatusdiaboli.
d. Translation by paraphrase
This strategy is used when a match cannot be found in the target language
or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the target text
because of differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target
languages. The example of idiom translated by paraphrase is English idiom
red alert into Indonesian “bahaya”. This idiom is translated into word
“bahaya” because both of them have similar context.
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e. Translation by omission
An idiom may sometimes be omitted altogether in the target text, because
it has no close match in the target language, its meaning cannot be easily
paraphrased or for stylistic reasons. As an example, English idiom hold a
nickel is hardly to be translated into Indonesian because this idiom has no
close match in the Indonesian language as the target language.
2. Theory of Equivalence
The researcher uses theory of equivalence of Nida. In book titled Toward a
Science of Translating, Nida classifies equivalent translation into two; formal
equivalence and dynamic equivalence (Nida, 1964:159).
a. Formal Equivalence
In book titled Toward a Science of Translating, Nida said that formal
equivalence focuses on the message, both in form and content. The message in the
TL should match as closely as possible with the different elements in the SL.
Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and
content. In such a translation one is concerned with such correspondences as
poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to concept. Viewed from
this formal orientation, one is concerned that the message in the receptor
language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the
source language. This means, for example, that the message in the source
culture to determine standards of accuracy and correctness (Nida, 1964:159).
b. Dynamic Equivalence
A translation of dynamic equivalence focuses on the equivalent effect. The
context in the target language should be relevant or same with the context in the
source language. The aim of dynamic equivalence is to complete the natural
expression in the source message.
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A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of
expression and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant
within the context of his own culture; it does not insist that he understand the
cultural patterns of the source language context in order to comprehend the
message … in such a translation the focus of attention is directed, not so
much toward the source message as toward the receptor response (Nida,
1964:159-166).
3. Film Translation
In her journal titled Translation in a Confined Space, Barbara Schwarz says
that subtitle is for an audience who could not understand the film. The main aim
must be clarity and ease of reading. However, there are some guidelines or rules
for subtitle in order to fulfill its main aim. These guidelines are presented below.
1. Subtitle is placed at the bottom of the screen either left aligned or centered. It
must not stay across on the screen because it disturbs the visual or picture of a
film.
2. Subtitle also consist of only one or two line with no more than 35 characters
including spaces.
3. To unsure the good legibility on any type of background, subtitle uses a
simple font in white or yellow with a dark drop shadow and placed in
transparent bar.
4. Subtitle must use font styles, for example Italics, to mark foreign words or to
emphasize particular words in the dialogue.
5. Capitals are used in subtitle to indicate important information which is not
part of the dialogue, such as voices from radio, television, or loudspeakers.
Capitals are also used for written words as for example, on posters, letters, or
newspaper when the content is important to the story line.
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6. To unsure synchronization with the spoken word and the image,
conversations in the subtitle have to be condensed in a layout which helps
audience to identify different speakers.
7. Punctuation in subtitle is used to convey interpersonal dynamics that reflect
those of the film dialogue. Hesitation or insecurity can be visualized by
inserting an ellipsis (…) or loudness with an exclamation mark (!).
8. Subtitle duration, which appears on the screen, is limited. It is because
subtitle follows the pace of the film and the delivery of the dialogue. The
duration of subtitle ranges from one to six seconds.
4. Theory of Translation Method
In book titled A Textbook of Translation, Peter Newmark says that there is a
gap of source and target language as the overriding problem in translating theory
and practice. To solve this problem, Newmark offers V diagram which is consists
of 8 translation methods. The differences between these 8 methods are shown
below (1988: 45-47).
SL emphasis TL emphasis
Word for word translation Adaptation
Literal translation Free translation
Faithful translation Idiomatic translation
Semantic translation Communicative translation
1. Word for word translation
Word for word translation translates text word by word with their most
common meanings and keeps the structure or word order of the text. The
translation result of this method is out of context. The main use of this
method is to understand the mechanics of the source language.
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2. Literal translation
Literal translation converts the SL grammatical constructions to their
nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are translated singly, out of
context.
3. Faithful translation
Faithful translation attempts to reproduce the contextual meaning of the
source text within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures. This kind
of translation also attempts to be completely faithful to the intention of the SL
writer.
4. Semantic translation
Semantic translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning by
preserving the semantic and syntactic structure of the source text. It
ispreserved because the form and content of the source text are one.
5. Communicative translation
Communicative translation attempts to convey the exact contextual
meaning of the source text, both in content and language. This kind of
method uses a natural expression to express the meaning of the source text,
which makes target readers are easier to understand the context.
6. Idiomatic translation
Idiomatic translation reproduces the message of the source or original text
but change the nuances of the original meaning by preferring colloquialisms
and idioms where do not exist in the original language.
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7. Free translation
Free translation tends to reproduce the content of the source text without
following the form of it. The form of this kind of translation usually as a
paraphrase and its much longer than the original.
8. Adaptation
Adaptation is used mainly for plays (comedies and poetry) where the SL
culture converted to the TL culture.
C. Theoretical Framework
The aim of this research is to analyze two major things;the equivalence and
the translation method of the translation of English idiom into Indonesian. The
researcher starts by collecting English idioms and its translations in Indonesian
which taken from the subtitle of Friday Night Lights movie.
The next step is the researcher uses the theory of idiom from Mona Baker;
“using idiom as similar meaning and form, using idiom as similar meaning but
dissimilar form, borrowing the source language idiom, translation by paraphrase,
and translation by omission” (1992: 78 – 86). This theory is used to find whether
the words, phrase, or sentences are idioms or not.
On the next step, the researcher starts to answer the first problem formulation.
The first problem formulation focuses on the equivalent translation of idioms in
source text. In order to answer the first problem, the researcher uses the theory of
equivalent from Nida. The researcher also adds theory of film translation from
Schwarz to analyze the subtitle.
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The last step is the researcher starts to analyze the translation method that
applied in the translation of English idioms to Indonesian. The translation method
is taken from Peter Newmark. In book entitled A Textbook of Translation where
Newmark classifies translation method into 8; “word for word, literal translation,
faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation, free translation, idiomatic
translation, and communicative translation” (1988:45-47). In the analysis, the
researcher focuses on two translation methods. They are semantic translation and
communicative translation.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Area of Research
The area of this research is text analysis and translation research where the
source text and target text are analyzed. The analysis focuses on the equivalence
and translation method of the translation of Friday Night Lights Movie. According
to Williams and Chesterman, translation texts do not only stop on the analysis
itself but also continue to the comparison of the result with the source text
(2002:6).
B. Object of the Study
The object of the study is English idioms taken from a movie entitled Friday
Night Lights. Idiom is an expression of at least two words which cannot be
understood literally and which function as a unit semantically (Beckman and
Callow in Munday, 1974:121).
C. Method of the Study
The method used in this study is library research. Based on George, through
library research the researcher collects the translation theories as the factual
information and other information that related to the subject of the study and also
the data.
Involves identifying and locating sources that provide factual information
or personal/expert opinion on a research question; necessary component of
every other research method at some point (George, 2008:6)
The data categorized and compared using idiom dictionaries both English and
Indonesian. The researcher compares the data from the source text and its
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translations in order to find the equivalent between them and the final analysis is
to find the translation method that applied in the movie subtitle.
D. Research Procedure
1. Types of Data
The data for this research are 14 idioms. There were two objective used in this
research. The first was English subtitle from the movie “Friday Night Lights”.
This movie released on October 8, 2004. It was an American football sports
movie. This movie is based from H.G Bissinger’s book which described the
economically depressed town of Odessa, Texas and their heroic high school
football team, The Permian High Panthers. The duration of this movie was 118
minutes. The English subtitle data were taken from subscene.com with further
link is http://subscene.com/subtitles/friday-night-lights/english/660081. The
English subtitle is used as source text comparison.
The second was Indonesian subtitle. The data were taken from
http://subscene.com/subtitles/friday-night-lights/indonesian/812786.This subtitle
was translated from English subtitle. Therefore, Indonesian translations are the
target analysis.
2. Data Collection
In order to collect the data from Friday Night Lights movie, the researcher has
to understand the definition of idiom. After understand the definition of idiom, the
researcher starts to collect idioms from the source text (ST). The next step is the
researcher finds idioms translation in the target text (TT). In process of collecting
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data, the researcher watches the movie more than one by using subtitle from both
sources. The researcher does not only take idioms and its translations but also
sentences from both sources.
In equivalence categories, the researcher put idioms and its translations in the
table. The researcher also needs to collect the sentences that connected with
idioms and its translations. After collecting data, the research underlines and
makes bold idioms and its translations that would be analyzed. The code would be
given as the last step.
Table 3.1. Table of Example of Equivalent Translation
ST/12/01:26:25 is headed for the promised land
TT/12/01:26:24 Sedang menuju tanah impian
Equivalence dynamic
In which:
ST : Source Text (English Subtitle)
15 : Data Order
01:26:25 : Time of English sentence appear in the subtitle
TT : Target Text (Indonesian Subtitle)
15 : Data Order
01:26:24 : Time of Indonesian sentence appear in the subtitle
Equivalence : Type of Equivalent Translation
In terms of translation method, the researcher put idioms and its translations in
the table. The researcher also needs to collect the sentences that connected with
idioms and its translations. After collecting data, the research underlines and
makes bold idioms and its translations. Some codes are given as the last step.
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Table 3.2. Table of Example of Translation Method
ST/1/01:04:02 And one of them home empty handed
TT/1/01:04:02 Dan satu terlempar dengan tangan hampa
Translation Method Semantic
In which:
ST : Source Text (English subtitle)
1 : Data Order
01:04:02 : Time of English sentence appear in the subtitle
TT : Target Text (Indonesian subtitle)
1 : Data Order
01:04:02 : Time of Indonesian sentence appear in the subtitle
Translation method : Translation method category
3. Population
The population of this study were idioms found in the ST subtitle of Friday
Night Lights movie. The total population of this study was 30 data but only 14
idioms are translated into Indonesian. The population method that this study used
was collected data from sentences that contains idioms. This research did not use
sample.
4. Data Analysis
There are several steps of analyzing data for this study. The first step is the
researcher uses Baker’s theory in order to find the translation strategies of the
idioms and its translations. The idioms dictionary of English, other English
published dictionary and Indonesian idioms dictionary would be used.
Table 3.3. Table of Example of Idiom Translation Strategy
ST/7/00:49:07 You can’t do that so it’s out of question
TT/7/00:49:06 Kau tidak bisa melakukan apa-apa, itu masalahnya
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After the translation strategy of idioms are found, the researcher tries to probe
whether the data from the ST and the TT are equivalent or not by using theory of
equivalence from Nida. The collected data are put into a table and some codes are
given in order to make the analysis easier. The researcher also uses theory of film
translation to analyze the subtitle.
Table 3.4. Table of Equivalent Translation
ST/2/00:10:27 You’re gonna use your mind
TT/2/00:10:27 Kau harus bermain dengan akalmu
Equivalence Formal
As the final analysis, the researcher starts to collect the data and put it in the
table in order to find the translation method that applied in the Target Text. The
theory of translation method from Newmark is used to answer the second problem
formulation.
Table 3.5. Table of Translation Method
ST/3/00:01:06 It’s Mojo Radio back on the air
TT/3/00:01:07 Mojo Radio kembali mengudara
Translation Method Semantic
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two parts. The first part discusses the translation
strategy of idioms. The theory of Mona Baker is used to find the translation
strategies of each idiom that found in the Source Text. The strategies from Baker
are explained based on the relation between idioms in ST and its translation.
After the translation strategies of English idioms are found, the researcher
tries to probe whether the idioms and its translations are equivalent or not. Theory
of equivalence from Nida is used in this analysis.
The second part discusses the translation method that applied by the translator
in the Target Text. The theory of translation method from Peter Newmark is used
in this analysis. The researcher uses two translation methods from Newmark;
communicative and semantic translation.
A. The Equivalence of Indonesian Translation of English Idioms
The researcher tries to find the translation strategies of idioms and its
translations before goes further with equivalent translation. In book titled In Other
Words, Mona Baker mentions 4 translation strategies of idiom; “using an idiom of
similar meaning and form, using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form,
borrowing the source language idiom, and translation by paraphrase”.
Based on Baker’s theory, there are three idiom translation strategies in the
analysis. The first one is using an idiom of similar meaning and form, the second
is using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form and the last is translation
by paraphrase. There are 14 data of idioms found in the ST. There is 1 idiom
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1 1
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Using an idiom of similarmeaning and form
Using an idiom of similarmeaning but dissimilar form
Translation by paraphrase
translated with “using an idiom of similar meaning and form” strategy, there is 1
idiom translated with “using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form”
strategy and 12 idioms translated with “translation by paraphrase” strategy. This
data show that translation by paraphrase is the most strategy that occurs in the
analysis. This fact also confirms that Indonesia and English language are quite
different.
1. Idiom Translation Strategy
The researcher finds 14idioms. There is 1 idiom translated with using an
idiom with similar meaning and form strategy, 1 idiom translated with using an
idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form strategy and 12 idioms translated
with translation by paraphrase strategy. The whole analysis is presented below.
Diagram 1. Idiom Translation Strategy
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a. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form
This strategy involves using an idiom in the target language that conveys
roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and, in addition,
consists of equivalent lexical items.
ST/1/01:04:02 → Empty handed into tangan hampa
ST/1/01:04:02 And one of them home empty handed
TT/1/01:04:02 Dan satu terlempar dengan tangan hampa
ST idiom empty handed and TT idiom tangan hampa have similar meaning.
Idiom Empty handed in idiom dictionary authorized by Slamet Riyanto has a
meaning carrying nothing or gained nothing while idiom tangan hampa in idiom
dictionary authorized by Abdul Chaer has a meaning ‘tidak memperoleh hasil’ (do
not get anything). The form of these two idioms are also similar because the idiom
tangan hampa is come from same origin, empty handed.
b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form
This strategy is used to find an idiom or fixed expression in the target
language which has a meaning similar to that of the source idiom or expression,
but which consists of different lexical items.
ST/2/00:10:27 → Use your mind into bermain dengan akal
ST/2/00:10:27 You’re gonna use your mind
TT/2/00:10:27 Kau harus bermain dengan akalmu
TL bermain dengan akal and SL use your mind are quite similar in meaning.
Idiom bermain dengan akal in idiom dictionary authorized by Abdul Chaer is
defined as ‘melakukan penipuan’ (cheating) while use your mind in idiom
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24
dictionary authorized by William Freeman defined as use brain or mind to do
something. Based on their form, both of these idioms have dissimilar form.
Bermain dengan akal is a pure idiom while use your mind is a semi idiom.
c. Translation by Paraphrase
This strategy is used when a match cannot be found in the Target Language
or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the Target Text (TT)
because of differences in stylistic preferences in the source and target languages.
ST/3/00:01:06 → Back on the air into kembali mengudara
ST/3/00:01:06 It’s Mojo Radio back on the air
TT/3/00:01:07 Mojo Radio kembali mengudara
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘kembali
mengudara’ as the translation of SL idiom back on the air. This phrase is used to
express the contextual meaning of SL idiom. The meaning of SL idiom and its
translation are similar. Idiom back on the air in idiom dictionary authorized by
Jane Kirkpatrick has a meaning broadcasting on the radio or television while
phrase ‘kembali mengudara’ in Indonesian dictionary authorized by Ebta
Setiawan has a meaning ‘melakukan siaran di radio atau televisi’ (broadcasting on
the radio or television).
ST/4/01:08:34 → Fact of life into kenyataan hidup
ST/4/01:08:34
ST/4/01:08:28
It’s the only fact of life
It’s an ugly fact of life
TT/4/01:08:29
TT/4/01:08:34
Inilah kenyataan hidup
Inilah kenyataan hidup yang buruk
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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The translator uses TL phrase ‘kenyataan hidup’ as the translation of SL
idiom fact of life. The translator uses this phrase to express the message of idiom.
The meaning of idiom fact of life in idiom dictionary authorized by T.H. Long is a
situation that cannot be changed.
ST/5/00:08:01 → Red alert into bahaya
ST/5/00:08:01 Red alert, everybody
TT/5/00:08:00 Bahaya, bahaya nih semuanya
The translator uses TL word ‘bahaya’ as the translation of SL idiom red alert.
This word is used to express the message of idiom. The meaning of idiom red
alert in idiom dictionary authorized Kirkpatrick is a situation in which people are
prepared for something dangerous happen.
ST/6/00:41:26 → The short end into terjelek
ST/6/00:41:26 And sometimes you get the short end
TT/6/00:41:26 Dan kadang kau mendapatkan yang terjelek
The translator TL uses word ‘terjelek’ as the translation of SL idiom the short
end. This word is used to express the message of idiom. The meaning of idiom the
short end in idiom dictionary authorized by Adam Makkai is the worst or most
unpleasant part.
ST/7/00:49:07 → Out of question into masalah
ST/7/00:49:07 You can’t do that so it’s out of question
TT/7/00:49:06 Kau tidak bisa melakukan apa-apa, itu masalahnya
The translator uses TL word ‘masalah’ as the translation of SL idiom out of
question. This word is used to express the message of SL idiom. The meaning of
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
26
idiom out of question in idiom dictionary authorized by T.H. Long is impossible
or not to be considered.
ST/8/00:49:34 → Same page into pikiran yang sama
ST/8/00:49:34
ST/8/00:49:36
You and I are on thesame page
We ain’t on thesame page
TT/8/00:49:35
TT/8/00:49:35
Kau dan aku punya pikiran yang sama
Pikiran kita tidak sama
The translator uses TL phrase ‘pikiran yang sama’ as the translation of SL
idiom same page. This phrase is used to express the message of idiom. The
meaning of idiom same page based in idiom dictionary authorized by Joanna
Turnbull is a situation of two or more people or groups who agree about what they
trying to achieve.
ST/9/01:01:12 → Make a man into berharap
ST/9/01:01:12 I was supposed to make a man of you
TT/9/01:01:12 Aku sebenarnya berharap padamu
The translator uses TL word ‘berharap’ as the translation of SL idiom make a
man. This word is used to express the message of SL idiom. The meaning of
idiom make a man in idiom dictionary authorized by T.H. Long is to cause a
young man to develop into an independent and responsible man.
ST/10/01:22:53 → Keep your cool into tenang
ST/10/01:22:53 Be patient in there. Keep your cool
TT/10/01:22:53 Mike, aku ingin kau sabar, tenang
The translator uses TL word ‘tenang’ as the translation of SL idiom keep your
cool. This word is used to express the message of SL idiom. The meaning of
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27
idiom keep your cool based on idiom dictionary authorized by T.H. Long is to
continue to be calm in difficult situation.
ST/11/01:25:44 → Out of control into diluar aturan
ST/11/01:25:44 Clay, this game is quickly spiraling out of control
TT/11/01:25:44 Clay, permainan ini tampaknya sudah diluar aturan
The translator uses phrase ‘diluar aturan’ [sic] as the translation of SL idiom
out of control. This phrase is used to express the message of idiom. The meaning
of idiom is out of control based on idiom dictionary authorized by Richard A.
Spears is to be or become impossible to manage or to control.
ST/12/01:26:25 → The promised land into tanah impian
ST/12/01:26:25 Is headed for the promised land
TT/12/01:26:24 Sedang menuju tanah impian
The translator uses TL phrase ‘tanah impian’ as the translation of SL idiom
the promised land. This phrase is used to express the message of idiom. The
meaning of idiom the promised land in idiom dictionary authorized by T.H. Long
is a place or situation where people expect to be happy and safe.
ST/13/01:26:30 → Spark of life into harapan
ST/13/01:26:30 Finally a spark of life in the form of Ivory Christian
TT/13/01:26:31 Akhirnya ada satu harapan dari Ivory Christian
The translator uses word ‘harapan’ as the translation of SL idiom spark of
life. This word is used to express the message of idiom. The meaning of idiom
spark of life based on idiom dictionary authorized by B.L.K. Henderson is there is
hope life.
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ST/14/00:04:47 → Knock out into mengalahkan
ST/14/00:04:47
ST/14/00:04:51
ST/14/00:04:52
Boobie gonna knock them out with black Nikes
I could knock you out in a pair of flip-flops
Yeah, well, I’m gonna knock them out with Nikes on my feet
TT/14/00:04:46
TT/14/00:04:51
TT/14/00:04:53
Kalau Boobie mengalahkan mereka, itu artinya Boobie
pakai Nike dikakinya, benar?
Aku bisa mengalahkanmu dengan flip-flops
Yeah, aku akan mengalahkan mereka dengan Nike di kakiku
The translator uses TL word ‘mengalahkan’ as the translation of SL idiom
knock out. This word is to express the message of SL idiom. The meaning of
idiom knock out in idiom dictionary authorized by Adam Makkai is to make
helpless, unworkable, or unusable.
2. Equivalent Translation
Theory of equivalence from Nida is used in this analysis section. Nida in a
book titled Introducing Translation Studies classifies equivalence into formal and
dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence focuses on delivering the message, in
both form and content. The message in the TL should match as closely as possible
with different elements in the SL. Dynamic equivalence focuses on the equivalent
effect. The context in the target language be relevant or same with the context in
the source language.
In this analysis, the researcher finds 14 idioms. There are 3data classified as
formal equivalence and 11 classified as dynamic equivalence. The data are as
shown in the diagram below.
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29
Diagram 2. EquivalentTranslation
ST/1/01:04:02 → Empty handed into tangan hampa
ST/1/01:04:02 And one of them home empty handed
TT/1/01:04:02 Dan satu terlempar dengan tangan hampa
Equivalence Formal
This sentence is spoken by a reporter who gives report about a coin toss game
for 3teams who fail in their last game. This coin toss game is held to decide whose
teams continue to play in the next stage. There are only two slots available and the
team that lost in the coin toss cannot go to the next stage in the football match.
SL Idiom empty handed in the sentence above is translated to the target text
with TL idiom tangan hampa. Both of these idioms are equivalent because TL
idiom has same meaning with SL idiom. The meaning of TL idiom tangan hampa
is ‘tidak mendapat apa-apa’ (do not get anything) while SL idiom empty handed is
without getting what people want. Both of these idioms also have same message;
3
11
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Formal Equivalence Dynamic Equivalence
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
30
a team does not get a chance to play in the football competition because this team
is defeated in the coin toss. Based on Nida’s theory, this idiom translation is called
formal equivalence. In formal equivalence, the message in the TL should match
closely with the different element in the SL. Translator also delivers the message
based on its form and content. The message of these idioms is similar because
they have similar in meaning. The translator also translates the SL idiom into the
TL idiom based on its form.
In translating subtitle, a translator should translate it as efficient as possible. It
is because translator has limitation of space and time. To make subtitle as efficient
as possible, translator focuses on deliver the message of source text. This sentence
above is one of the examples. It is not necessary to translate sentence “and one of
them home empty handed” into “dan satu dari mereka terlempar dengan tangan
hampa”. Word ‘them’ is not necessary to translate by translator because the target
sentence is helped by the visual from the movie.
ST/2/00:10:27 → Use your mind into bermain dengan akal
ST/2/00:10:27 You’re gonna use your mind
TT:2:00:10:27 Kau harus bermain dengan akalmu
Equivalence Formal
This sentence is spoken by Permian coach in the training session together
with his players. He said to his player to use not only their physical strength but
also their mind power. These two things can help players win in the game.
In the table above, the translator uses TL idiom bermain dengan akal as the
translation of SL idiom use your mind. These two idioms are equivalent because
both of them have same context. Based on Nida, this translation is called formal
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
31
equivalence. The translator uses a context close to the meaning of the SL idiom.
The meaning of SL idiom use your mind is use brain or mind while TL idiom
bermain dengan akal is ‘melakukan penipuan’ (cheating). The context for this
case is the Permian players not only use their strength but also their ability of
thinking if they want to win in the football competition.
Based on film translation, the target text is an efficient translation. The
translator uses a context close to the SL idiom. Readers can also understand the
target text easily because there is no missing information in the target text.
ST/3/00:01:06 → Back on the air into kembali mengudara
ST/3/00:01:06 It’s Mojo Radio back on the air
TT/3/00:01:07 Mojo Radio kembali mengudara
Equivalence Formal
This sentence is spoken by a broadcaster who gives an opening statement as a
sign to broadcast. The broadcaster starts his opening by mentioned the name of
the radio station.
In the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘kembali mengudara’ as the
translation SL idiom back on the air. The SL idiom and its translation are
equivalent because both of them have same context. Based on Nida’s theory, this
translation is called formal equivalence. The translator uses a similar context of
meaningwith the SL idiom. The SL idiom back on the air has meaning
broadcasting on the radio or television while the TL phrase ‘kembali mengudara’
is ‘melakukan siaran di radio atau televisi’ (broadcasting on the radio or
television).
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Based on subtitle techniques, this translation is ease to read. There is no
missing information in the translation above. Readers can understand the context
of the translation because the translator does not forget to put the name of the
radio station.
ST/4/01:08:34 → Fact of life into kenyataan hidup
ST/4/01:08:34
ST/4/01:08:28
It’s the ugly fact of life
It’s an only fact of life
TT/4/01:08:29
TT/4/01:08:34
Inilah kenyataan hidup yang buruk
Inilah kenyataan hidup
Equivalence Dynamic
These sentences are spoken by Donny’s father when he has a conversation
with his son in the house. His father tries to remind about something that Donny
might be regret tomorrow. He only has one chance to be a winner with his team in
the football competition.
In the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘kenyataan hidup’ as the
translation of SL idiom fact of life. This idiom and its translation are equivalent
because both of them have similar message. Based on Nida, this translation is
called dynamic equivalence. Based on its meaning, idiom fact of life has meaning
a situation that cannot be changed. The translator uses natural expression to
express the meaning or message of SL idiom. The message for this case is a
situation that Boobie cannot change if he and his team fail in the football
competition.
Based on film translation, this is an efficient translation. The translator uses a
relevant context to express the message of SL idiom. There is no missing
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
33
information in this translation makes readers can easily understand the context of
the sentence.
ST/5/00:08:01 → Red alert into bahaya
ST/5/00:08:01 Red alert, everybody
TT/5/00:08:00 Bahaya, bahaya nih semuanya
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by an old man who watches Permian players train in
the field. He says this as his reaction to Donny’s father who walks toward to his
son with peevish face. He warns people for bad thing that might come.
In the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘bahaya’ as the translation of
SL idiom red alert. The translation of SL idiom is equivalent because the message
of SL idiom is equally transferred to the target text. The message is a situation of
people who are prepared for something dangerous happen. Based on Nida, this
translation is called dynamic equivalence. The translator uses natural expression
to express the message of SL idiom. Word ‘bahaya’ has quite similar meaning
with SL idiom. The meaning of idiom red alert is a situation which people are
prepared for something dangerous happen while word ‘bahaya’ is ‘(mungkin)
mendatangkan kecelakaan, bencana, atau kesengsaraan’ ((possible) to cause
accident, disaster, or suffer)
Based on film translation, this translation is quite hard to understand. The
translation of source text is not following the grammatical rule of target language.
In translating idiom, it is not necessary to translate idiom red alert twice. The
translator can use exclamation mark to emphasize the condition.
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34
ST/6/00:41:26 → The short end into terjelek
ST/6/00:41:26 And sometimes you get the short end
TT/6/00:41:26 Dan kadang kau mendapatkan yang terjelek
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by Permian coach when he talks to Mike about life.
His coach says that life is full of bad and good things and Mike must know about
that. Sometimes people get good things but tomorrow they get different thing.
In the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘terjelek’ to express the
meaning of SL idiom the short end. This word is equivalent with SL idiom
because both of them have quite similar meaning. The meaning of idiom the short
end is the worst or most unpleasant part while word ‘jelek’ is unpleasant thing.
Prefix ‘ter’ in the target language is used to emphasize the meaning of TL word.
Based Nida, this translation is called dynamic equivalence. It is because the
translator uses a natural expression which relevant with the context of SL idiom.
Based on film translation, this translation is ease to read and to understand.
The message of the source text is well transferred into the target text. The
message is unpleasant thing that happen in people life.
ST/7/00:49:07 → Out of question into masalah
ST/7/00:49:07 You can’t do that so it’s out of question
TT/7/00:49:06 Kau tidak bisa melakukan apa-apa, itu masalahnya
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by a doctor who gives treatment to Boobie because
his leg is injured. The doctor says to Boobie that he cannot play football anymore
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
35
because he gets bad damage. Boobie will has more serious problem if he insists to
play football.
In the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘masalah’ as the translation of
SL idiom out of question. The meaning between this word and SL idiom is
different. TL Word ‘masalah’ talks about something that should be resolved but
idiom out of question talks about an impossible thing or not to be considered.
However, this translation is equivalent because the context of idiom and its
translation is same. Based on Nida, this kind of translation is called dynamic
equivalence. The translator uses a natural expression to express the meaning of SL
idiom. The SL idiom and its translation are pointed to the same thing, which is a
problem that people have in their life.
Based on subtitle technique, this translation is an effective translation. The
translator translates sentence “you can’t do that so it’s out of question” into “kau
tidak bisa melakukan apa-apa, itu masalahnya”. There is no missing information
in this translation. The word ‘itu’ in the target text is pointed to the situation of
Boobie who cannot play football anymore.
ST/8/00:49:34 → same page into pikiran yang sama
ST/8/00:49:34
ST/8/00:49:36
You and I are on thesame page
We ain’t on thesame page
TT/8/00:49:35
TT/8/00:49:35
Kau dan aku punya pikiran yang sama
Pikiran kita tidak sama
Equivalence Dynamic
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These sentences are spoken by Boobie and a doctor in the hospital. In the first
sentence, the doctor tells Boobie to understand his condition because he cannot
play football anymore. Boobie reacts to the doctor by saying that the doctor does
not understand what Boobie wants.
In the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘pikiran yang sama’ as the
translation of SL idiom same page. This phrase and SL idiom are equivalent
because this phrase is equally transferred the message of idiom. The message is a
situation of people who agree to something. Based on Nida, this translation is
called dynamic equivalence. The translator uses natural expression to express the
message of SL idiom. In terms of meaning, idiom same page has meaning two or
more people or groups agree about what they are trying to achieve. The message
for this case is the doctor tries to make Boobie accept his condition because he
cannot play football anymore.
Based on film translation, this translation is ease to read and to understand.
The translator translates all the information in the source text efficiently. There is
no extra addition in the subtitle makes readers easier to understand the sentence.
ST/9/01:01:12 → Make a man into berharap
ST/9/01:01:12 I was supposed to make a man of you
TT/9/01:01:12 Aku sebenarnya berharap padamu
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by Donny’s father who is sad because he can make
his son become a responsible man. He wants Donny to be a man who can be
responsible to himself by bringing his team win in the football competition.
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In the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘berharap’ as the translation of
idiom make a man. This TL word and the SL idiom are equivalent. The reason is
becauseboth of them have similar context. The meaning of idiom and its
translation is different but both of them have similar context. Idiom make a man
has meaning to cause a young man to develop into an independent and responsible
man while the meaning of word ‘berharap’ is ‘berkeinginan supaya terjadi’ (have
a wish for something happen).Based on Nida, this translation is called dynamic
equivalence. The translator uses natural expression to express the message of SL
idiom. The message is Donny’s father wants his son be an independent person.
Based on film translation, this translation is ease to read. The translator
translates source text with no missing information or message. Both of these
sentences are pointed to a same thing, which is a situation of people who expect or
wish something happen.
ST/10/01:22:53 → Keep your cool into tenang
ST/10/01:22:53 Be patient in there. Keep your cool
TT/10/01:22:53 Mike, aku ingin kau sabar, tenang
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by Permian coach who speaks to his team captain,
Mike. He says that Mike must be calm if he and his friends want to win the game.
In the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘tenang’ as the translation of
SL idiom keep your cool. The TL word is equivalent with SL idiom. The reason is
because the message of SL is equally transferred to TL word. The message is
about a situation where person who must be calm. Based on Nida, this translation
is called dynamic equivalence. It is because the translator uses a natural
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expression to express the message of SL idiom. In terms of meaning, SL idiom
and its translation have quite similar meaning. The meaning of idiom keep your
cool is to continue to be calm in difficult situation while word ‘tenang’ is calm or
not nervous.
Based on film translation, this translation is ease to read and to understand. It
is because the message of source text is transferred equally in the target text. The
translator adds “Mike” and “aku” which do not exist in the source text in order to
make readers understand the sentence. “Mike” is added as the representation of
the team captain and “aku” as the representation of Permian coach.
ST/11/01:25:44 → Out of control into diluar aturan
ST/11/01:25:44 Clay, this game is quickly spiraling out of control
TT/11/01:25:44 Clay, permainan ini tampaknya sudah diluar aturan
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by a game commentator in the game between
Permian against Carter. He sees Permian Panthers players easily been knocked
down by Carter players. There is also a cruel moment of one of Permian Player
been knocked down some Carter players. The game commentator feels that this
game is out of control.
In the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘diluar aturan’[sic] as the
translation of SL idiom out of control. This TL phrase and SL idiom are
equivalent. The reason is because the translator uses natural expression to express
the message of SL idiom. Based on Nida, this translation is called dynamic
equivalence. The translator uses a relevant context to express the message of SL
idiom. In terms of meaning, idiom out of control has a meaning to be or become
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impossible to manage or to control. The context for this case is a situation that
cannot be controlled.
Based on film translation, this translation is ease to read and to understand.
There is no missing information in the translation of source text. Readers can
understand the context of target text easily because the message is transferred
equally.
ST/12/01:26:25 → Promised land into tanah impian
ST/12/01:26:25 Is headed for thepromised land
TT/12/01:26:24 Sedang menuju tanah impian
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by a game commentator in the match of Permian
versus Carter. He says this sentence as his reaction to a Permian player who
catches a ball and runs through his enemy to make a score.
In the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘tanah impian’ as the
translation of SL idiom promised land. This SL idiom and TL phrase are
equivalent because the translator uses a natural expression to express the message
of SL idiom. Based on Nida, this translation is called dynamic equivalence. The
translator uses a natural expression to express the message of SL idiom. In terms
of meaning, Idiom promised land has a meaning a place or situation where people
expect to be happy or safe. The message for this case is a Permian player tries to
make a score to make he and his friends have a chance to win in the football
competition.
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Based on film translation, this translation is ease to read. There is no missing
information from the source text. The translator gives direct translation in order to
make readers can read and understand it easier.
ST/13/01:26:30 → Spark of life into harapan
ST/13/01:26:30 Finally a spark of life in the form of Ivory Christian
TT/13/01:26:31 Akhirnya ada satu harapan dari Ivory Christian
Equivalence Dynamic
This sentence is spoken by a game commentator in the game between
Permian against Carter. The game commentator says this sentence as his reaction
to one of Permian player who makes score and gives hope to his team to win in
the football game.
In the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘harapan’ as the translation of
SL idiom spark of life. This word and SL idiom are equivalent because the context
of TL word is similar with SL idiom. Both of them are pointed to something that
people wish to happen. Based on Nida, this translation is called dynamic
equivalence. The translator uses natural expression to express the message of SL
idiom. The meaning between TL word is different with SL idiom but both of them
have same context. Idiom spark of life has a meaning there is a life hope while
word ‘harapan’ is ‘sesuatu yang (dapat) diharapkan’ (something that (may) be
expected). For this case, the context is the action of Ivory Christian who makes
score to give his team has a hope to win in the football match.
Based on film translation, this translation is easy to understand. The translator
expresses the message of source text by using a relevant context in the target text
and also there is no missing information in this translation. The readers can
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understand easily the message of the source text, which is something that people
wish to happen.
ST/14/00:04:47 → Knock out into mengalahkan
ST/14/00:04:47
ST/14/00:04:51
ST/14/00:04:52
Boobie gonna knock them out with black Nikes
I could knock you out in a pair of flip-flops
Yeah, well, I’m gonna knock them out with Nikes on my feet
TT/14/00:04:46
TT/14/00:04:51
TT/14/00:04:53
Kalau Boobie mengalahkan mereka, itu artinya Boobie
pakai Nike dikakinya, benar?
Aku bisa mengalahkanmu dengan flip-flops
Yeah, aku akan mengalahkan mereka dengan Nike di kakiku
Equivalence Dynamic
These sentences are spoken by Boobie and his friend while they have
conversation in their team changing room. Bobbie arrogantly says that he can
defeat any team in the football competition with his black Nike shoes. His friend
who does not like Boobie says that he can defeat Boobie only with flip-flops.
Boobie ignores his friend and says that he will defeat any team with his Nike
shoes.
The translator uses TL word ‘mengalahkan’ as the translation of idiom knock
out. The TL word is equivalent with the SL idiom. It is because the context of TL
word is relevant with the meaning of idiom knock out. While word ‘mengalahkan’
has meaning “menaklukkan” (to conquer), the meaning of idiom knock out is to
make helpless, unworkable, or unusable. Based on Nida’s theory, this kind of
translation is called dynamic equivalence. The translator uses a natural expression
in the target text which is also has same effect for readers in the source language.
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4
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Semantic Translation Communicative Translation
The meaning between TL phrase and SL idiom is different but both of them have
similar context, which is someone defeats other person or people.
Based on subtitle translation technique, the first SL sentence is not an
efficient translation. It is because translator puts some unnecessary information in
target text. It will be easy to read if sentence “Boobie gonna knock them out with
black Nikes” into “Boobie akan mengalahkan mereka dengan sepatu Nike hitam”.
The second and third TL sentences are example of an efficient translation. There
is no missing information in these two translations.
B. Translation Methods of English Idioms into Indonesian
In this section the researcher uses theory of translation method from Peter
Newmark. In book titled A Textbook of Translation, Peter Newmark classified
translation method into 8 but the researcher only focuses on 2 methods; “semantic
translation and communicative translation” (1988: 45 – 47).
There researcher finds 14 data. There are 4 translations translated as semantic
translation and 10 translations as communicative translation. The whole analysis
is presented as shown in the diagram below.
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Diagram 3. Translation Method
ST/1/01:04:02 → Empty handed into tangan hampa
ST/1/01:04:02 And one of them home empty handed
TT/1/01:04:02 Dan satu terlempar dengan tangan hampa
Translation Method Semantic
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL idiom ‘tangan hampa’ as
the translation of SL idiom empty handed. Based on translation method theory,
this translation is categorized as semantic translation. Based on Newmark, this
method attempts to render the exact contextual meaning by preserving the
semantic and syntactic structure of the source text. The form and content of the
source text in this method is one part. The aesthetic value of the source text is
preserved, which makes translator has less creativity to translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator translates SL idiom to the target text by
preserving the semantic and structure of the SL idiom. The translator uses TL
idiom tangan hampa that has similar meaning with idiom empty handed which is
a condition of people who do not get what they want. The translator also preserves
the beautiful and natural sound of SL idiom by using an idiom.
ST/2/00:10:27→ Use your mind into bermain dengan akal
ST/2/00:10:27 You’re gonna use your mind
TT/2/00:10:27 Kau harus bermain dengan akalmu
Translation Method Semantic
As shown in the table, the translator uses TL idiom ‘bermain dengan akal’ as
the translation of SL idiom use your mind. Based on Newmark, this method
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44
attempts to render the exact contextual meaning by preserving the semantic and
syntactic structure of the source text. The form and content of the source text in
this method is one part. The aesthetic value of the source text is preserved and
makes translator has less creativity to translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator translates SL idiom by preserving the
semantic and structure of the SL idiom. The translator uses TL idiom bermain
dengan akal that has similar meaning with SL idiom use your mind, which explain
a situation of people who use their brain or mind to do something. The translator
also preserves the natural sound of SL idiom by using an idiom.
ST/3/00:01:06 → Back on the air into kembali mengudara
ST/3/00:01:06 It’s Mojo Radio back on the air
TT/3/00:01:07 Mojo Radio kembali mengudara
Translation Method Semantic
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘kembali
mengudara’ as the translation of SL idiom back on the air. Based on Newmark,
this method attempts to render the exact contextual meaning by preserving the
semantic and syntactic structure of the source text. The form and content of the
source text in this method is one part. The aesthetic value of the source text is
preserved, which makes translator has less creativity to translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator translates SL idiom by preserving the
semantic and structure of SL idiom. The translator uses TL phrase ‘kembali
mengudara’ that has similar meaning with idiom back on the air, which explains a
situation of broadcaster who broadcasting on the radio or television. This phrase
cannot be separated or changed with other elements because the meaning of it is
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
45
one part. By using this phrase, the translator also preserves the natural sound of
SL idiom.
ST/4/01:08:34 → Fact of life into kenyataan hidup
ST/4/01:08:34
ST/4/01:08:28
It’s the only fact of life
It’s an ugly fact of life
TT/4/01:08:29
TT/4/01:08:34
Inilah kenyataan hidup
Inilah kenyataan hidup yang buruk
Translation Method Semantic
As shown in the table above, the translator uses phrase ‘kenyataan hidup’ as
the translation of SL idiom fact of life. Based on translation method theory, this
translation is categorized as semantic translation. Newmark says that this method
attempts to render the exact contextual meaning by preserving the semantic and
syntactic structure of the source text. The form and content of the source text in
this method is one part. The aesthetic value of the source text is preserved which
makes translator has less creativity to translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator translates SL idiom to the target text by
preserving the semantic and structure of SL idiom. The translator uses phrase
‘kenyataan hidup’ that has similar meaning with idiom fact of life, which is a
situation of broadcaster who broadcasting on the radio or television. The translator
also preserves the natural sound of SL idiom by using this phrase.
ST/5/00:08:01 → Red alert into bahaya
ST/5/00:08:01 Red alert, everybody
TT/5/00:08:00 Bahaya, bahaya nih semuanya
Translation Method Communicative
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As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘bahaya’ as the
translation of SL idiom red alert. Based on Newmark, this idiom and its
translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language, which is acceptable and comprehensible to the
target readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on
the target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator conveys the contextual meaning of SL idiom
red alert by using word ‘bahaya’. The original meaning of this idiom is a situation
where people prepared for something dangerous happen. The translator transfers
the meaning of SL idiom to the target text by using word that fit with the context
in the target language culture. For this case, the translator uses word ‘bahaya’ to
express the meaning of SL idiom. Word ‘bahaya’ in the target language culture is
used to explain a situation that might bring disaster or suffer.
ST/6/00:41:26 →The short end into terjelek
ST/6/00:41:26 And sometimes you get the short end
TT/6/00:41:26 Dan kadang kau mendapatkan yang terjelek
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘terjelek’ as the
translation of SL idiom the short end. Based on Newmark, this idiom and its
translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language, which is acceptable and comprehensible to the
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47
target readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on
the target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator tends to convey the contextual meaning of
idiom the short end by using word ‘terjelek’. The original meaning of this idiom
is the worst or most unpleasant part. The translator transfers the meaning of SL
idiom into the target text by using word ‘terjelek’ that fit with the context in the
target language culture. Word ‘terjelek’ in the target language culture is used to
describe unpleasant thing.
ST/7/00:49:07 → Out of question into masalah
ST/7/00:49:07 You can’t do that so it’s out of question
TT/7/00:49:06 Kau tidak bisa melakukan apa-apa, itu masalahnya
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘masalah’ as the
translation of SL idiom out of question. Based on Newmark, this idiom and its
translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language which is acceptable and comprehensible to the target
readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on the
target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator does not express directly the meaning but
convey the contextual meaning SL idiom. The original meaning of idiom out of
question is impossible or not to be considered. The translator transfers the
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48
meaning of SL idiom into word ‘mengalahkan’ that fit with the context in the
target language culture. This word in the target language culture is used to
describe problem that should be resolved.
ST/8/00:49:34 → Same page into pikiran yang sama
ST/8/00:49:34
ST/8/00:49:36
You and I are on thesame page
We ain’t on thesame page
TT/8/00:49:35
TT/8/00:49:35
Kau dan aku punya pikiran yang sama
Pikiran kita tidak sama
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘pikiran yang
sama’ as the translation of SL idiom the same page. Based on Newmark, this
idiom and its translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark
explains that this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the
source text, both in content and language, which is acceptable and comprehensible
to the target readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should
focus on the target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for
translator to translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator tends to convey the contextual meaning of
SL idiom by using phrase ‘pikiran yang sama’. The original meaning of idiom
same page is two or more people or groups agree about what they are trying to
achieve. The translator takes the meaning of this SL idiom and transfers it to the
target text by using phrase that fit with the context in target language culture. For
this case, the translator uses phrase ‘pikiran yang sama’ to express the meaning of
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49
SL idiom. Phrase ‘pikiran yang sama’ in the target language is used to explain
condition where two or more people have same opinion of something.
ST/9/01:01:12 → Make a man into berharap
ST/9/01:01:12 I was supposed to make a man of you
TT/9/01:01:12 Aku sebenarnya berharap padamu
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘berharap’ as the
translation of SL idiom make a man. Based on Newmark, this idiom and its
translation are categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language which is acceptable and comprehensible to the target
readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on the
target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator uses word ‘berharap’ as the translation of
idiom make a man. This word is not express directly the meaning of idiom but it
conveys the contextual meaning of idiom. The original meaning of this idiom is to
cause a young man to develop into an independent and responsible man. The
translator transfers the meaning of SL idiom by using word ‘berharap’ that fit with
the context in target language culture. This word in the target language culture is
used to describe a situation where people wish for something happen.
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ST/10/01:22:53 → Keep your cool into tenang
ST/10/01:22:53 Be patient in there. Keep your cool
TT/10/01:22:53 Mike, aku ingin kau sabar, tenang
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘tenang’ as the
translation of SL idiom keep your cool. Based on Newmark, this idiom and its
translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language which is acceptable and comprehensible to the target
readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on the
target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator conveys the contextual meaning of SL idiom
keep your cool or keep one’s cool by using word ‘tenang’. The original meaning
of this idiom is to continue to be calm in difficult situation. The translator
transfers the original meaning of SL idiom by using word ‘tenang’ that fit with the
context in the target language culture. This word in the target language culture is
used to describe a calm and peaceful situation.
ST/11/01:25:44 → Out of control into diluar aturan
ST/11/01:25:44 Clay, this game is quickly spiraling out of control
TT/11/01:25:44 Clay, permainan ini tampaknya sudah diluar aturan
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘diluar aturan’
[sic] as the translation of SL idiom out of control. Based on Newmark, this idiom
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51
and its translation are categorized as communicative translation. Newmark
explains that this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the
source text, both in content and language, which is acceptable and comprehensible
to the target readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should
focus on the target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for
translator to translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator conveys the contextual meaning of SL idiom
out of control by using phrase ‘diluar aturan’ [sic]. The original meaning of this
idiom is to be or become impossible to manage or to control. The translator takes
the meaning of SL idiom and transfers it to the target text by using phrase that fit
with the context in the target language culture. For this case, the translator uses
phrase ‘diluar aturan’ [sic] to express the meaning of SL idiom. This phrase in the
target language culture is used to describe situation of people who break the law
or rule in the society.
ST/12/01:26:25 → The promised land into tanah impian
ST/12/01:26:25 Is headed for the promised land
TT/12/01:26:24 Sedang menuju tanah impian
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL phrase ‘tanah impian’ as
the translation of SL idiom the promised land. Based on Newmark, this idiom and
its translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language, which is acceptable and comprehensible to the
target readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
52
the target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator conveys the contextual meaning of SL idiom
the promised land by using phrase ‘tanah impian’. The original meaning of this
idiom is a place or situation where people expect to be happy and safe. The
translator transfers the meaning of SL idiom by using phrase that fit with the
context in target language culture. For this case, the translator uses phrase ‘tanah
impian’ to express the meaning of SL idiom. The meaning phrase ‘tanah impian’
in the target language culture is an expectation of people of something.
ST/13/01:26:30 → Spark of life into harapan
ST/13/01:26:30 Finally a spark of life in the form of Ivory Christian
TT/13/01:26:31 Akhirnya ada satu harapan dari Ivory Christian
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘harapan’ as the
translation of SL idiom spark of life. Based on Newmark, this idiom and its
translation is categorized as communicative translation. Newmark explains that
this method attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text,
both in content and language, which is acceptable and comprehensible to the
target readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on
the target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator conveys the contextual meaning of SL idiom
by using word ‘harapan’. The original meaning of this idiom is a hope in life. The
translator transfers the meaning of idiom to the target text by using word that fit
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53
with the context in target language culture. The meaning of word ‘harapan’ in the
target language culture is to describe something which is expected by people to
become real.
ST/14/00:04:47 → Knock out into mengalahkan
ST/14/00:04:47
ST/14/00:04:51
ST/14/00:04:52
Boobie gonna knock them out with black Nikes
I could knock you out in a pair of flip-flops
Yeah, well, I’m gonna knock them out with Nikes on
my feet
TT/14/00:04:46
TT/14/00:04:51
TT/14/00:04:53
Kalau Boobie mengalahkan mereka, itu artinya
Boobie pakai Nike dikakinya, benar?
Aku bisa mengalahkanmu dengan flip-flops
Yeah, aku akan mengalahkan mereka dengan Nike di
kakiku
Translation Method Communicative
As shown in the table above, the translator uses TL word ‘mengalahkan’ as
the transaltion of SL idiom knock out. Based on translation method theory, this
translation is categorized as communicative translation. This kind of method
attempts to convey the exact contextual meaning of the source text, both in
content and language which is acceptable and comprehensible to the target
readers. The form and cultural context used in this method should focus on the
target readers’ culture. This method also allows more freedom for translator to
translate the source text.
In the table above, the translator tends to convey the contextual meaning of
idiom knock out by using word ‘mengalahkan’. The original meaning of this
idiom is to make helpless, unworkable, or unusable. The translator takes the
meaning of idiom and transfers it to the target text by using word ‘mengalahkan’
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54
that fit with the context in the target language culture. Word ‘mengalahkan’ in the
target culture is used in a match, contest, or competition.
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55
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
The focus of this study is to find out the type of equivalent translation and the
translation method of the film subtitle Friday Night Lights. The researcher finds
14 idioms from the film subtitle.
For the first problem, the researcher tries to find the equivalent translation of
idioms. In order to find the answer, the researcher uses theory of idiom translation
from Mona Baker and theory of equivalence from Eugene A. Nida. For the first
analysis as shown in the Idiom Translation Strategy Diagram, the researcher finds
1 idiom translated with “using an idiom with similar meaning and form” strategy,
1 idiom translated with “using an idiom with similar meaning but dissimilar form”
strategy and 12 idioms translated with “translation by paraphrase” strategy. This
fact shows that Indonesian Language have the limitations of idiom with English
Language. The majorities of idiom in ST (English Language) have no match in
TT (Indonesian Language).
For the second analysis as shown in the Equivalence Diagram, the researcher
finds 3 data classified as formal equivalence, and 12 data as dynamic equivalence.
This result confirms that the most equivalence for idiom translation is dynamic
equivalence. This fact also shows that the translator focuses on delivering the
message by using natural expression that relevant with the context of English.
In the second problem, the researcher tries to find the translation method that
applied in the Friday Night Lights movie subtitle. To solve this problem, the
researcher uses theory of translation method from Peter Newmark. In the analysis,
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the researcher finds 3 idioms translated using semantic translation method and 12
idioms translated using communicative translation method. This fact confirms that
communicative translation is the most translation method used by translator. This
fact also shows that communicative translation is the suitable method to translate
idioms in the film subtitle. Readers can easily understand subtitle is translated
using communicative translation method because translator focuses on the target
readers’ culture.
For the whole conclusion, the translation uses natural expression to express
the message of source idioms. The translator uses word or phrase as the
equivalence for original idioms in order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding
of target readers who are not familiar with idiom. The translator also uses
communicative translation method because this method focuses on the target
readers’ culture.
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57
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. New York:
Routledge, 1992.
Chaer, Abdul. Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia.Flores: Nusa Indah, 1984.
Cintas, Jorge Diaz and Aline Remael. Audiovisual Translation. New York:
Routledge, 2014.
Djohar, Winda Adeputri. “The Equivalence and The Acceptability of The
Translation of Discourse Markers in John Boyne’s The Boy in The Stripped
Pyjamas”.Undergraduate Thesis.Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma,
2012.
Endarmoko, Eko. Thesaurus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka
Utama, 2006.
Freeman, William. A Concise Dictionary of English Idioms. London: English
Universities Press LTD., 1953.
George, Mary W. The Elements of Library Research: What Every Student Needs
to Know. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Henderson, B.L.K, M.A. A Dictionary of English Idioms,Part II: Colloquial
Phrases. London: Blackwood, 1956.
Kirkpatrick, Jane and C.M. Schwarz.Wordsworth Reference Series: Dictionary of
Idiom.Kent: Chambers Harrap Publishers, 1993.
Larson, Mildred L. Meaning-based Translation: A Guide to Cross
LanguageEquivalence. London: University Press of America Inc, 1984.
Loescher, W. Translation Performance, Translation Process and Translation
Strategies.Tuebingen: Guten Narr, 1991.
Long, T.H. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms.Harlow: Longman Group
Limit, 1979.
Makkai, Adam, Maxine T. Boatner, and John E. Gates.Handbook of Commonly
Used American Idioms 4rt edition. New York: Baroon’s Educational Series,
Inc., 1984.
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Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies.Theories and Applications.New
York: Routledge, 2008.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall Longman
ELT, 1988.
Nida, Eugene A. Toward A Science of Translating. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1964.
Rianantang, Cylas Desidarius. “Classification of Translation Strategies of Pure
Idioms in the Translation of Pramoedya’s Rumah Kaca into House of Glass by
Max Lane”.Undergraduate Thesis.Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma,
2010.
Richards,Jack C. Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied
linguistics. London: Longman, 1992.
Riyanto, Slamet. Kamus Idiom Bahasa Inggris.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2015.
Spears, Richard A. Dictionary of English Idiom. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 1993.
Susanti, Grasia Atika. The Accuracy and Readability of The Translation of
English Cultural Terms in The Indonesian Subtitle of “JUMANJI” Movie.
Undergraduate Thesis.Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2014.
Turnbull, Joanna. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2010.
William, Jenny and Andrew Chesterman.The Map A Beginner’s Guide to Doing
Research in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2002.
Online References
Schwarz, Barbara. “Translation in a Confined Space – Film Sub-titling with a
special reference to Dennis Potter’s “Lipstick on Your Collar” Part
1”.Translation Journal. Vol.6, No.4, October, 2002.
(http://translationjournal.net/journal/22subtitles.htm). May 5, 2016.
Setiawan, Ebta. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.Hak Cipta Badan Pengembangan
dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kemendikbud.(kbbi.web.id). May 14, 2016.
n.d. (http://subscene.com/subtitles/friday-night-lights/english/660081). May 4,
2015.
n.d. (http://subscene.com/subtitles/friday-night-lights/indonesian/812786). May 4,
2015.
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APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Data Collection
Code Source Text Code Target Text
ST/1/01:04:02 and one of them
home empty
handed.
TT/1/01:04:02 Dan satu terlempar
dengan tangan
hampa.
ST/2/00:10:27 You’re gonna use
your mind.
TT/2/00:10:27 Kau harus bermain
dengan akalmu.
ST/3/00:01:06 It’s Mojo Radio
back on the air.
TT/3/00:01:07 Mojo Radio kembali
mengudara.
ST/4/01:08:34
ST/4/01:08:28
It’s the only fact
of life.
It’s an ugly fact of
life.
TT/4/01:08:29
TT/4/01:08:34
Inilah kenyataan
hidup.
Inilah kenyataan
hidup yang buruk.
ST/5/00:08:01 Red
alerteverybody.
TT/5/00:08:00 Bahaya, bahaya nih
semuanya.
ST/6/00:41:26 and sometimes
you get the short
end.
TT/6/00:41:26 Dan kadang kau
mendapatkan yang
terjelek.
ST/7/00:49:07 You can’t do that
so it’s out of
question.
TT/7/00:49:06 Kau tidak bisa
melakukan apa-apa,
itu masalahnya.
ST/8/00:49:34
ST/8/00:49:36
You and I are on
the same page.
We ain’t on the
same page.
TT/8/00:49:35
TT/8/00:49:35
Kau dan aku punya
pikiran yang sama.
Pikiran kita tidak
sama.
ST/9/01:01:12 I was supposed to
make a man of
you.
TT/9/01:01:12 Aku sebenarnya
berharap padamu.
ST/10/01:22:53 Be patient in there.
Keep your cool.
TT/10/01:22:53 Mike, aku ingin kau
sabar, tenang.
ST/11/01:25:44 Clay, this game is
quickly out of
control.
TT/11/01:25:44
Clay, permainan ini
tampaknya sudah
diluar aturan.
ST/12/01:26:25 is headed for the
promised land.
TT/12/01:26:24 Sedang menuju
tanah impian.
ST/13/01:26:30 Finally a spark of
life in the form of
Ivory Christian.
TT/13/01:26:31 Akhirnya ada satu
harapan dari Ivory
Christian.
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ST/14/00:04:47
ST/14/00:04:51
ST/14/00:04:52
Boobie
gonnaknock them
out with black
Nikes.
I could knock you
out in a pair of
flip-flops.
Yeah, well, I’m
gonna knock
them out with
Nikes on my feet.
TT/14/00:04:46
TT/14/00:04:51
TT/14/00:04:53
Kalau Boobie
mengalahkan
mereka, itu artinya
Boobie pakai Nike
dikakinya, benar?
Aku bisa
mengalahkanmu dengan flip-flops.
Yeah, aku akan
mengalahkan
mereka dengan
Nike di kakiku
Appendix 2: Idiom and Equivalent TranslationStrategy
No Idiom Idiom Translation
Strategy
Equivalent
Translation
1. Empty handed Using an idiom of similar
meaning and form Formal equivalence
2. Use your mind
Using an idiom of similar
meaning but dissimilar
form
Formal equivalence
3. Back on the air Translation by paraphrase Formal equivalence
4. Fact of life Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
5. Red alert Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
6. The short end Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
7. Out of question Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
8. Same page Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
9. Make a man Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
10. Keep your cool Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
11. Out of control Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
12. The promised
land Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
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13. Spark of life Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
14. Knock out Translation by paraphrase Dynamic equivalence
Appendix 3: Translation Method
No Idiom Translation Method
1. Empty handed Semantic translation
2. Use your mind Semantic translation
3. Back on the air Semantic translation
4. Fact of life Semantic translation
5. Red alert Communicative translation
6. The short end Communicative translation
7. Out of question Communicative translation
8. Same page Communicative translation
9. Make a man Communicative translation
10. Keep your cool Communicative translation
11. Out of control Communicative translation
12. The promised land Communicative translation
13. Spark of life Communicative translation
14. Knock out Communicative translation
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