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The Environmental Impact of EBA on Ethiopia
Wubalem Tadesse
Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute
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Contents of the presentation
✓ Introduction
✓ Major Forest Resources
✓ Major Challenges In Environment and Forestry
sectors
✓ Impacts of environmental problems
✓ Opportunities for Environment and forest
sector in Ethiopia
✓ Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research
Institute
✓ Conclusion
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Ethiopia is endowed with diverse ecosystems in
which diverse flora and fauna as well as microbial
resources are found.
✓ About 6500 vascular plants are known to exist
✓ About 12 percent are endemic
✓ is center of origin as well as diversity for major
agricultural crops
✓ About 9 vegetation types are recognized
INTRODUCTION
Altitude vary, from 120 mbsl to 4,620 masl
4.620 m
1.500 m
-125 m
High lands
Low lands
INTRODUCTION contd…
Diverse agroecology
The most important NTFPs in the country include:
• natural gums (gum arabic, frankincense, myrrh, etc.),
• wild coffee,
• spices and condiments,
• wild honey and bees wax,
• bamboo,
• essential oils from aromatic plants
• Medicinal plants, etc.
NTFPs in Ethiopia
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CONTRIBUTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR
✓ Contribution to poverty alleviation and enhancing food and
forest products security
✓ Contribution to the agriculture and related sectors
✓ Potential values from forest ecosystems and
environmental services
✓ Job creation and income generation opportunities
✓ Social-economic and ecological benefits
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Major challenges
Population increase
Lack of proper land use planning
Over grazing (Free grazing)
Deforestation and forest degradation (main
drivers are small-scale agricultural expansion and
fuel wood consumption)
Lack of proper commertial forest development
programs
Soil erosion and loss of agricultural productivity
Dependance on rain-fed agriculture
Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services
Spread of invasive alien species,
unwise use of natural resources
illegal logging and forest fires
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Major challenges
Water Pollution in urban and rural areas
Over reliance on biomass energy
Lack of access to modern energy services at the
rural areas
Inadequate waste management infrastructure
and services in urban areas
Indoor air contamination
Weak capacity in environmental management
Lack of Synchronization of natural resources,
environmental and water related issues
Vulnerability to natural disasters
Trend in industrial wood import bill (in USD) for wood based products in Ethiopia
Ethiopia Custom and Revenue Authority (ECRA) data (Source: NFSDP, (2016)
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
198119821983198419851986198719881990199419951996199719981999To
tal p
rod
uc
tio
n (
cu
m m
ete
r)
Year
Fig.1. Trend of domestic industrial wood production (1981 - 1999)
IUCN Red list species in
Ethiopia (selected)
B. Ogadensis (CR)
B. Pirrotae (VU)
Commiphora monoica,
(CR)
Moringa rivae (VU)
Etc….. …..
Depletion of indigenous tree species
(Vivero et al., 2005).
Cordeauxia
edulis
Vitellariaparadoxa
Soil ErosionSoil degradation is the most
immediate environmental problem
facing Ethiopia.
Ethiopia has one of the highest rates
of soil nutrient depletion in sub-
Saharan Africa.
it takes 500 to thousands of years
to create an inch of topsoil.
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✓ Government’s commitment (Federal and regional's)
▪ Government strategies (CRGE and GTPs)
▪ Establishment of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change
▪ REDD+ implementation
▪ Establishment of Environment and Forest Research Institute
✓ Support of international partners to forest and environment program
✓ Massive and participatory afforestation/reaforestation, soil
conservation programs
✓ Best practices on PFM and Exclosure programs
✓ Increased global concern over deforestation and climate change
✓ High demand for forest products locally & internationally
✓ National Forest Sector Development Program (10 year development
program)
Opportunities
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▪The Ethiopian Constitution provides basic and comprehensive
principles and guidelines for environmental protection and
management.
▪The Constitution states that everyone has the right to live in a
clean and healthy environment and the Government will make
every effort to provide such an environment.
▪A number of proclamations and supporting regulations were made
that contain provisions for the protection and management of the
environment which reflect the principles of the Constitution.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
▪The first comprehensive statement of Environmental Policy for the
Ethiopia was approved by the Council of Ministers in April, 1997.
▪The 'overall policy goal is to improve and enhance the health and
quality of life of all Ethiopians and to promote sustainable social
and economic development.
Opportunities (Environment)
Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute
(EEFRI)
EEFRI is established by integrating
forestry and Environment research in
December 26, 2014
EEFRI Research Centers
Mekele EFRC
Bahir Dar EFRC
Central Ethiopia EFRC)
Wood Technology RC
Jimma EFRC Hawassa EFRC
Dire Dawa EFRC
EEFRI strategy
VISION
To be a center of excellence in Environment, Forest and Climate
change research among the top five countries in Africa by 2025
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RESEARCH areas1. Plantation and Agro-forestry
2. Forest Resources Utilization
3. Ecosystem management
4. Forest Protection
5. Climate Science
6. Environmental Pollution management
7. Environment laboratory
8. Socio-economic, Policy, Extension &
Gender
9. Forest Seed
10. Biometrics, GIS and Database
Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute
Let us join hands:
for sustainable forest development,
clean environment and
climate change resilient economy !!
Conclusion