the enlightenment introduction. in groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a...

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The Enlightenment Introduction

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Page 1: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

The Enlightenment

Introduction

Page 2: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque

What does the term Neoclassical evoke for you?

Page 3: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

Page 4: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

Other terms

Enlightenment

The Age of Reason

Enciclopedists / Philosophes

Diderot

Reason -- a perfect society built on common sense and tolerance

Truth dispersing the shadows of ignorance

Page 5: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

Montesquieu

Charles Louis de Secondat

1689-1755

Noble background

Educated in science and history

Became a lawyer

Considered, along with John Locke, as the ideological co-founder of the American Constitution

Page 6: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

Works

Masterpiece: The Spirit of the Laws (1748), considers:

Monarchy

Despotism

Republic

Felt Republic was best

Page 7: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

Montesquieu’s Thought

"Montesquieu advocated constitutionalism, the preservation of civil liberties, the abolition of slavery, gradualism, moderation, peace, internationalism, social and economic justice with due respect to national and local tradition. He believed in justice and the rule of law; detested all forms of extremism and fanaticism; put his faith in the balance of power and the division of authority as a weapon against despotic rule by individuals or groups or majorities; and approved of social equality, but not the point which it threatened individual liberty; and out of liberty, but not to the point where it threatened to disrupt orderly government."Sir Isaiah BerlinAgainst the Current

Page 8: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

But he did not completely believe in equality:

Believed in slavery

Women were inferior

Page 9: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

Persian Letters (1721)

First work to gain him fame

Epistolary form

correspondence between Usbek (Persian aristocrat) traveling in France

and his friends, his wives, or eunuchs

Page 10: The Enlightenment Introduction. In groups of four, think back on last semester and work out a definition of the term baroque What does the term Neoclassical

When reading, think about:

What Montesquieu criticizes and why?

Why does he use the epistolary form?

Why does he use Persian travelers in Europe?

How are the Persians characterized?

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