Enlightenment, France, Enlightenment, France, and Freedomand Freedom

1.1. Absolutism vs. Enlightened DespotAbsolutism vs. Enlightened Despot2.2. Spread of Ideas Spread of Ideas

3.3. France and the Fall of Absolutism France and the Fall of Absolutism 4.4. Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

Enlightenment Spreads Enlightenment Spreads

Exciting time to be alive Exciting time to be alive Discovery Discovery Thought Thought Discussion Discussion

Why now? Why now? Free time for the middle class and wealthy Free time for the middle class and wealthy

allows time to pursue thought allows time to pursue thought Printing press allows for the spread of ideas Printing press allows for the spread of ideas

Thinkers Unite!Thinkers Unite!

Parisian SalonsParisian Salons Meetings between the thinkers of the time to Meetings between the thinkers of the time to

discuss the newest discoveries and ideas discuss the newest discoveries and ideas Encourages collaboration and openness Encourages collaboration and openness

Marie-Therese Geoffrin Marie-Therese Geoffrin Self educated Self educated Most important salon were the greatest Most important salon were the greatest

thinkers of the time would meet to discuss thinkers of the time would meet to discuss Even a correspondent of Catherine the Great Even a correspondent of Catherine the Great

Diderot and the EncyclopediaDiderot and the Encyclopedia

Imagined a great volume of books that could be Imagined a great volume of books that could be referenced on all subjects by scholars referenced on all subjects by scholars

Began to publish books with articles from Began to publish books with articles from philosophers on all subjects including science, philosophers on all subjects including science, government, art, and technologygovernment, art, and technology

Government and the Church saw as a threatGovernment and the Church saw as a threat Insighting revolt against royal authorityInsighting revolt against royal authority ““moral corruption”moral corruption”

Eventually won the right to continue publishing Eventually won the right to continue publishing

Baroque Art Baroque Art

Baroque Baroque Grand, ornate style Grand, ornate style Very over the top Very over the top

1515thth and 16 and 16thth Century Century

Rich color, detail, and imagery for Rich color, detail, and imagery for paintings paintings

Neoclassical Neoclassical

Holla Back!!Holla Back!! Throw back to the classics of ancient Greece Throw back to the classics of ancient Greece

and Rome and Rome

Order and Balance Order and Balance Arete- the pursuit of perfection Arete- the pursuit of perfection

Simple and Elegant Simple and Elegant

Late 1700’sLate 1700’s

Classical Music Classical Music

HaydnHaydn Sonata and Symphony Sonata and Symphony

MozartMozart Began composing at age 5Began composing at age 5 Kyrie Kyrie

Beethoven Beethoven Bridged the gap between neoclassical and Bridged the gap between neoclassical and

romantic periodromantic period

Activity Activity

Read pg 193 and draw a pyramid Read pg 193 and draw a pyramid diagramming the old Regime diagramming the old Regime

WealthPopulation

The French Revolution The French Revolution

King Louis XVI lived King Louis XVI lived well while the rest of well while the rest of the country starved the country starved

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

Nobles Nobles tax exempttax exempt

Used tax exemption to Used tax exemption to keep the nobles happykeep the nobles happy

Leaves the Leaves the Middle ClassMiddle Class to pick up the bill!to pick up the bill!

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

Other Causes Other Causes Rise of enlightened ideasRise of enlightened ideas Food ScarcityFood Scarcity Resentment of religious Resentment of religious

intoleranceintolerance Resentment of royal absolutismResentment of royal absolutism

Louis XVILouis XVI

Weak leader not concerned with what is Weak leader not concerned with what is going on in his country going on in his country

Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette Hated for being Austrian Hated for being Austrian Madame Deficit Madame Deficit

Large debt leads to the need to call the Large debt leads to the need to call the Estates-General to raise funds Estates-General to raise funds

Three Forces of Change Three Forces of Change

What are the three major forces or causes What are the three major forces or causes that lead to the French Revolution?that lead to the French Revolution? Enlightenment IdealsEnlightenment Ideals Weak LeaderWeak Leader Economic WoesEconomic Woes

Estates-GeneralEstates-General

Each Estate had one vote Each Estate had one vote Church and Nobles usually outvoted the third Church and Nobles usually outvoted the third

estate even though they had less people estate even though they had less people

Each estate meets separately and decides Each estate meets separately and decides on its vote on its vote

Enlightenment Changes MindsEnlightenment Changes Minds

Third Estate want all estates to meet Third Estate want all estates to meet together with each delegate voting together with each delegate voting Third Estate would dominate based on Third Estate would dominate based on

population in this system population in this system

Louis sides with the Nobles and forces the Louis sides with the Nobles and forces the Medieval rules to be followedMedieval rules to be followedAbbe Sieyes champions the third estates Abbe Sieyes champions the third estates cause encouraging the delegates to take cause encouraging the delegates to take actionaction

National AssemblyNational Assembly

Sieyes idea for the Third Estate Sieyes idea for the Third Estate

June 17, 1789 The Third Estate votes to June 17, 1789 The Third Estate votes to start the Naitonal Assemblystart the Naitonal Assembly Marks the end of Absolutism in France Marks the end of Absolutism in France

Locked out of their meeting room in Locked out of their meeting room in protest to their bold moveprotest to their bold move

Break into a Tennis Court for a meeting Break into a Tennis Court for a meeting place place

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath

Delegates pledge to stay until they have Delegates pledge to stay until they have drawn up a new constitution recognizing drawn up a new constitution recognizing the rights of all citizensthe rights of all citizens

Comparing RevolutionsComparing Revolutions

Take 1 minute and list terms, people, and Take 1 minute and list terms, people, and ideas that led to the American Revolutionideas that led to the American Revolution

Join with a partner and create a venn-Join with a partner and create a venn-diagram comparing and contrasting the diagram comparing and contrasting the causes of the French and American causes of the French and American Revolution Revolution

Last Attempt to Maintain PowerLast Attempt to Maintain Power

King Louis XVI tries to keep the peace by King Louis XVI tries to keep the peace by giving into the demands of the 3rd Estate giving into the demands of the 3rd Estate and demanding that all three Estates meet and demanding that all three Estates meet togethertogether Do not want the division in the country to Do not want the division in the country to

increase increase Scared that he can not trust the French Army Scared that he can not trust the French Army

so he moves his Swiss Guard into Paris so he moves his Swiss Guard into Paris causing a paniccausing a panic

Parisians believe the foreign army is coming to Parisians believe the foreign army is coming to

massacre citizensmassacre citizens

REVOLT I SAY!REVOLT I SAY!

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizenthe Citizen

French Version of the Declaration of French Version of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Storming of the Bastille

Great FearGreat Fear

Peasants in the country side also Peasants in the country side also concerned for their safety concerned for their safety Believe that the Nobles will hire people to Believe that the Nobles will hire people to destroy what little crops they have destroy what little crops they have Begin to ransack nobles’ homes and burn Begin to ransack nobles’ homes and burn the documentation of their feudal the documentation of their feudal obligations obligations Helped end the practice of Feudalism Helped end the practice of Feudalism once and for all once and for all

Declaration of the Rights of Man Declaration of the Rights of Man

As fear sweeps the country the National As fear sweeps the country the National Assembly states its purposeAssembly states its purpose““All men are born and remain free and All men are born and remain free and equal in rights”equal in rights”Ensured basic rights of citizensEnsured basic rights of citizens Speech Speech ReligionReligion Equal Justice Equal Justice

““Liberty, Equality, Fraturnity”Liberty, Equality, Fraturnity”

Revolution and the Church Revolution and the Church

Church lands taken Church lands taken Sell the land to pay off debtSell the land to pay off debt Avoid taxing more heavily Avoid taxing more heavily

Church officials and priest to be elected by Church officials and priest to be elected by property owners property owners Paid as state officials Paid as state officials Catholic church loses power and independenceCatholic church loses power and independence

Not popular with the Catholics of the CountyNot popular with the Catholics of the CountyPits Peasants against the Bourgeoisie and the Pits Peasants against the Bourgeoisie and the Revolution from this point onwardRevolution from this point onward

Louis the Lion Hearted???Louis the Lion Hearted???

Louis warned he and his family were in Louis warned he and his family were in dangerdanger Supporters of the Monarch left France rather Supporters of the Monarch left France rather

than stay to deal with the revolution than stay to deal with the revolution

Attempts to escape to Austria Attempts to escape to Austria Recognized near the border Recognized near the border

Returned to Paris under guard Returned to Paris under guard Increased general paranoia and allowed Increased general paranoia and allowed radicals to take further control radicals to take further control

ActivityActivity

Who were the different people involved in Who were the different people involved in the revolution? Read Conflicting Goals the revolution? Read Conflicting Goals Cause Division on pg 198 and answer the Cause Division on pg 198 and answer the following questions.following questions.

Questions (pg 198)Questions (pg 198)

1.1. What is a limited Monarchy?What is a limited Monarchy?2.2. Who were the radicals and what did they want Who were the radicals and what did they want

for France?for France?3.3. Who were the Moderates and what did they Who were the Moderates and what did they

want for France?want for France?4.4. Who were the Conservatives and what did Who were the Conservatives and what did

they want for France?they want for France?5.5. How is this similar to the English revolution?How is this similar to the English revolution?6.6. How is this different from the English How is this different from the English

revolution?revolution?

Three FactionsThree Factions

RadicalsRadicals Sat on the leftSat on the left Wanted more changeWanted more change No monarchy, establish a republic No monarchy, establish a republic Sans-Culottes extreme wing Sans-Culottes extreme wing

Wage earners and shop keepersWage earners and shop keepers

Lower food prices and an end to the shortageLower food prices and an end to the shortage

No role in assembly but influential in other waysNo role in assembly but influential in other ways

Three FactionsThree Factions

ModeratesModerates Sat in the center Sat in the center Looking for change but were not trying to Looking for change but were not trying to

reform the entire system reform the entire system Change within the structure of the current Change within the structure of the current

Monarchy system Monarchy system

Three FactionsThree Factions

Conservatives Conservatives Sat on RightSat on Right Wanted limited Monarchy Wanted limited Monarchy As few changes in government as possible As few changes in government as possible ÉmigrésÉmigrés

Nobles who fled France Nobles who fled France

Looking to restore the Old Regime and the Looking to restore the Old Regime and the Monarch Monarch