the energy – matter spectrum state and local level considerations: radiological emergencies col...

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The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois Department of Public Health

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Page 1: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

The Energy – Matter Spectrum

State and Local Level Considerations:

Radiological Emergencies

Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.)

Director – Illinois Department of Public Health

Page 2: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

The Nuclear AgeWhen Will We Catch

Up?

•Historical Points

•RCA-EM / “Fossy” Jaw

•Legislation

Page 3: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

IDPH Platform Model

Page 4: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

The Mouth and Chronic Disease

Page 5: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

Energy-Matter Spectrum AGENT

Occupational Engineering Controls

[Elimination / Containment / Substitution]

Administrative Controls

[BEIACGIHTLV PELOSHA RELNIOSH]

Personal Protective Equipment [PPE]

Containment System / Perimeter / P.P.E. Penetration [Breach]

Exposure to the Agent Biological Monitoring

Surveillance Chemical Monitoring

Radiological Monitoring

10 20 and 30 Prevention Injury, Illness and Disease

[Acute and Chronic]

Environmental Agent Penetration

Public Health Domain:Legislative [HB/SB]

Legislative [HB/SB]Regulatory

Statutes / Rules Regulatory

Behavioral ChoicesAccidents

Health System:LHDsHospitalsClinicsPrivate Practices

Page 6: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

General Environmental Conditions: [Causative Agent Spectrum] Probability (Risk of harm resulting in Illness, Injury, or Disease leading to Morbidity or Premature Mortality)

B. Monitoring: [ Epidemiology/Surveillance ] Sensitivity/Specificity/Reproducibility • [e.g., HAN – CHESS – BIOWATCH – NWS - LAB PCR TECH – INEDDS – BIOSENSE -

BIOSHIELD] Accuracy / Precision / Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

• Environmental / Incident Site Contamination

C. Incident Site: [Potential Exposure]: Engineering and Administrative Controls (Limit Exposure) Barrier Breach [Skin/ Respiratory/ G.I.] / Prophylaxis / DECON >>> Direct Exposure: EVAC/Perimeter Mapping/Containment/Lock-Out/Agent Mitigation

D. Primary Treatment Site: EMS / ED / LHD / Private Practices / Dx-Rx

• [Adsorption-Absorption-Distribution (Toxico-dynamic) / Metabolism(Toxico-kinetic)-Defenses-Elimination ]

• E. Secondary Treatment Site: Hospital / Clinic / FQHC / CHC / LHD / PVT Practice Morbidity and Mortality Acute/ Chronic Injury, illness, or Disease // Death

• F. Community Based Dwellings: Home / LTCFs / CIKR Sectors

Public Health S.M.A.R.T. D.O.C. (P.H. Fusion Center)Strategic Management And Resource Technology Department Operations Center

Page 7: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

Basic Structure of a Nuclear Plant

Containment Building

4’ – 8’ Thick Walls

Air Tight Seals

Airliner Impact Proof

Source: Energy Information Administration

Reactor Vessel 4” – 8” Thick High Tensile Steel

Reactor Core Rods Fuel Core Neutrons Sustained Rx

Page 8: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

Energy ProductionNeutron Bombardment

Heavy Elements (Uranium or Plutonium)

Nuclear Fission2 - 3 Neutrons Sustained Chain Rx

+ Poisons [Radiation + Heat Energy]

H2O Steam

D2O [BWR - 1 loop / PWR - 2 loops]

He Gas

Liquid Metal Turbo Generators Electrical Power

(Pb / Na) 200 Million Electron Volts

Page 9: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

Nuclear Fuel Cycle[Front End]

Exploration (uneven distribution)

Mining (Uranium Ore 0.05 to 0.3% U308)

Open, underground and In Situ Leach

Milling (purification/concentration)

Dry powder Uranium Oxide U308 “Yellow Cake” is converted into Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6)

Enrichment (UO2) 0.7% 4.0%

Fissionable isotope U235 and DU (“the enrichment tails”)

Fabrication

Pellets Sealed Rods

Page 10: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

Nuclear Fuel Cycle

[Back End]

Interim Storage

Waste Disposal

Reprocessing

Page 11: The Energy – Matter Spectrum State and Local Level Considerations: Radiological Emergencies Col Damon T. Arnold, M.D., M.P.H. (Ret.) Director – Illinois

ILLINOIS Considerations

•Illinois has 11 Nuclear Plants

•Wind: West to East Flow Pattern

•Earthquake Zone