the energetic production of the cell · exist two isomers of benzoquionones, the 1,2-benzoquinone...
TRANSCRIPT
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CAT
The energetic production of the cell
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Base theory
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physiology
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Cellular primary metabolism
• The cells need energy to live.
• This is stored in the form of chemical
energy as ATPenergy as ATP
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Vital cycles
• Vegetables:
– 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
• human:
– 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Energetic production in the
heterotrophs
• The animals starting from compound
substances (in particular glucose) break
down them into C H Odown them into C H O
• The union of H with O (external) create
water
• All this processes create energy stored in
links with high energy
• All these reactions need substrates (among
which the oxygen) and catalysts
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cells
ENERGY = Combustible + Oxidizing +
Facilitation
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C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + Energy
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eat
breath
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CATALYSIS
• CATALYST:– MAKES POSSIBLE AND ACCELERATE A
CHEMICAL REACTION
• BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS • BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
• ENZYMES (FERMENT INSIDE)– APOENZYME + COENZYME
• SABATIER AND SENDERENS DISCOVERERS OF C. CHEMISTRY
• BARZELIUS FOR THE VEGETABLE
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Enzymes’ place to produce energy: mitochondrion
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CAT
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CAT
M
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biochemistry
• From glucose, fatty acids, amino acids is product AcetylCoA that enter in the…
• Krebs’ or tricarboxylic acids’ or citric acid’s cycle that…
• Krebs’ or tricarboxylic acids’ or citric acid’s cycle that…
• transforms FAD in FADH2 and NAD in NADH…
• these enter in the respiratory chain with O and reload from ADP to ATP (ENERGY)
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Functions of K.C.
• Generator of energy
• Precursor of R.C. (NADH)
• Decreased lactic acid• Decreased lactic acid
• Production of useful metabolites
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Citric acid cycle more than is
central in the energetic
metabolism, it is also a
fundamental precursors’ source
for some biosynthesis.
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Respiratory chain
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Functions of R.C.
• From NADH and FADH energy generation
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Flusso di H passivo (downhill), formazione
di ATP passivo
Flusso di elettroni passivo (downhill), di H
attivo
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FAD
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Good energetic production
• To assume:
– Combustible
– Oxidizing– Oxidizing
– Enzymes
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ROS
• The production of ROS is normal at the end
of respiratory chain
• ROS are toxics• ROS are toxics
• O2 + e¯ = O2¯ ˙
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Quinones
• There are substances (quinones) that,
– Following their redox potential, are stimulating
or toxics (ROS)or toxics (ROS)
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CAT
M
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pathology
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pathology
Bad energetic production
• To assume a little or to
lose:
Increase of ROS
• quinones
– Combustible
– Oxydizing
– Enzymes
• Enzymatic blocks
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Blocks
• There are substances (quinones) that,
– block the CoQ (Ubiquinone),
making unavailable the cellular respiration, making unavailable the cellular respiration,
slowing down the energetic production
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ROS
• There are substances (quinones) that,
– Very reactive in oxide-reduction
– increase the R.O.S.– increase the R.O.S.
damaging metabolisms
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Quinones
Benzoquinone, or quinone, is a term used to describe the 2 cyclohexadienedione’s isomers. The brute formula of the compound is C6H4O2.
Exist two isomers of benzoquionones, the 1,2-benzoquinone and the1,4-benzoquinone, both are the dehydrogenation’s (oxidation) result
respectively of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene. A solution of potassium iodide (KI) reduce a benzoquinone’s solution to
hydroquinone, that can be re-oxidized with a solution of silver nitrate.
With “quinone” is also indicated a compounds’ block that can be considered as structural analogous deriving. The quinones aren’t aromatic
compounds, they are diene dichetones.
1,2-benzoquinone
1,4-benzoquinone1,4-benzoquinone
Biochemistry
The quinones have a double biological importance.
They find themselves in the nucleus of different organic substances fundamental for the metabolism functioning, like for example the
coenzyme Q involved in the electrons’ transport to the level of mitochondria. They are also constituent nucleus of vitamin K’s various forms
(menadione, pyilloquinones, exc.).
On the other side, in the same breath the quinones are very reactive molecules. Their double links are endowed with electrophile properties and
can form covalent bonds with various chemical groups (thiols, amines, exc.). Very often this make them substances endowed with bactericide
power, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and also mutagen. In the nature are present a lot of examples of compounds derived from the
benzoquinone and endowed with very powerful biological or pharmaceutical properties:
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therapy
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Therapy
• Push and
• Release
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CAT
• 1 krebs
• 2 quinones and respiratory chain
• 3 quinones• 3 quinones
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characteristics
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Anatomical-functional organization of
the complexity
Everyone separate
by a membrane body
Like briefcases and
files
nucleus
cells
organ
nucleus
cells
organ
nucleus
cells
organ
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Cells
CAT
• CATalyst• NAD, metabolites of the Krebs’ cycle and
respiratory chain, quinones, vitaminsrespiratory chain, quinones, vitamins
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CAT (biochemical action)
• NAD
– energetic carrier
• metabolites of Krebs’ cycle
– inducing– inducing
• metabolites of respiratory chain
– inducing
• quinones
– unblocking
• vitamins
– coenzymes
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CAT
NAD metabolites
vitamins quinones
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Good energetic production
• To assume:
– Combustible
– Oxidizing– Oxidizing
– Enzymes
• To facilitate the enzymatic action
– Homeopathised enzyme
• To avoid the enzymatic blocks
– Homeopathised obstruents
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Substrates
• The substrates’ presence of the enzymes induce
them to a better functioning
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use
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CAT use
• Acute or long time diseases that have run
out the cellular energetic resources
• Deep poisonings that have damaged the • Deep poisonings that have damaged the
ground system and nicked the cell
• Rejuvenation (in the RIGE and anti-aging
protocols)
• Mitochondrial detoxification (in the DRE or
DIS protocols)
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use
• 20*3
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Handbook
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Cells
CAT
• CATalysts– Krebs cycle
– Respiratory chain, – Respiratory chain,
– quinones
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• CAT 1 krebs
• CAT 2 quinones and catalysts
• CAT 3 quinones and NAD• CAT 3 quinones and NAD
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CAT 1
• Substrates of Krebs cycle + Mg+ Mn +
NAD
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CAT 1 action
• The enzymes’ substrates are present and in
this way are induced (speed in inverse
proportion to the substrate)proportion to the substrate)
• The pyruvic acid enters in the cycle and
don’t become lactic
• INDUCTION OF KREBS CYCLE
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CAT 2
• Quinones: stimulus to the elimination of blocking quinones
• ATP , CoA, ubiquinones: enzymatic favouring
• vitamins: coenzymes• vitamins: coenzymes
– B6 Krebs
– B3 NAD
• Neutralization of energetic blocks and aiding the respiratory chain
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CAT 3
• NAD
• quinones: stimulus to the elimination of blocking quinones
• GENERAL AND RESPIRATORY CHAIN INDUCTION AND ACCELERATION
• Diathesic use
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CAT 2
• Lipoic acid
• anthraquinone
• ATP
• benzoquinone
• Methylene blue
• methylglyoxal
• naphthoquinone
• NAD• benzoquinone
• chinidrone
• coenzyme A
• glyoxal
• hydroquinone
• gluconic magnesia
• NAD
• trichinoyl
• ubiquinone
• B1
• B2
• B6
• C
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The end