the endocrine system - kau hormones(student).pdf · chapter 1- animal hormones ... c. identify...

CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES

Revisioned by: 1 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari

The Endocrine

System (part 1)



Lab objectives:

a. Visualize the histological arrangement of the different glands

and recognize those cell types belonging to each.

b. Match the cell types with the hormones secreted.

c. Identify endocrine glands seen in dissected model animal



Pre-lesson exercise:

Relax !! And try to enjoy the relaxation session in the class with your

friend..

Open your eyes.

What is your body doing right now?

Why do you think your body was doing this?



Part 1: gross examination for the gland (rabbit):



1.1 hypothalamus:

More information:

The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis. It has regulatory areas

for thirst, hunger, body temperature, water balance, and blood

pressure, and links the nervous system to the endocrine system.

It's also secret Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH),

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Corticotropin-releasing

hormone (CRH), Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Prolactin

Inhibitory Factor (PIF, dopamine), Oxytocin, Arginine vasopressin

(AVP), also called antidiurectic hormone (ADH), Somatostatin.

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/glossary/homeostasis.htm

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/category/bodynervous/

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/category/bodyendocrine/

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hypothalamus.html#somatostatin



1.2 Pituitary gland :

\

T.S of pituitary gland

The pituitary gland consists of:

Adenohypohysis:

Pars distalis - the largest section

Pars tuberalis - a collar of tissue that usually surrounds the

infundibular stalk

Pars intermedia - a narrow band that is usually separated from the

pars distalis by a hypophyseal cleft

Neurohypohysis:

Pars nervosa - the bulk of the posterior pituitary

Median emminence - the upper section of the neurohypophysis above

the pars tuberalis

Infundibular stalk - the "stem" that connects the pars nervosa to the

base of the brain

Assistance box

Optic = sight

Chiasm = lines that cross

Pars = part

Distalis = faraway

Intermedia = middle



1.2.1 pars distalis of Pituitary gland:

T.S. of pars distalis of Pituitary gland

There is three types of cells in the pars distalis of Pituitary gland:

Acidophils have cytoplasm that stains red or orange

Basophils have cytoplasm that stains a bluish color

Chromophobes have cytoplasm that stains very poorly

Assistance box

-phils = like

-phobes = dislike



Please draw the vertical section of the pars distalis of pituitary

gland that you see under the microscope in high magnification

More information :

The pars distalis secretes Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid-

stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

(ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Lutenizing

hormone (LH),and Prolactin.

http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/hormones.html#hypo








http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/hormones.html#tsh



1.2.2 pars intermedia of Pituitary gland:

T.S. of pars intermedia of Pituitary gland

The pars intermedia may be identified between the pars distalis

and pars nervosa The pars intermedia contain large pale cells that

often surround follicles filled with "colloid".

Follicles filled with colloid

Assistance box

Colloid = resembling glue



Please draw the vertical section of the pars intermedia of pituitary

gland that you see under the microscope in high magnification

More information:

The pars intermedia secretes Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

(MSH).





1.2.3 pars nervosa of Pituitary gland:

T.S. of pars nervosa of Pituitary gland

There is two types of cells in the pars nervosa of Pituitary gland:

Herring's bodies are the distended neuron terminals, near blood vessels

for hormone transport when stimulated.

Pituicytes have a supporting function like Astrocytes.

Assistance box

Herring = small

Bodies = shape

-cyte = cell

Nuclei = A plural of

nucleus

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nucleus



Please draw the vertical section of the pars nervosa of pituitary

gland that you see under the microscope in low magnification

More information:

The pars nervosa stores ADH and Oxytocin which were

secreted by the hypothalamus.





More images:

T.S of pituitary gland



T.S. of pars distalis of Pituitary gland



T.S. of pars intermedia of Pituitary gland



T.S. of pars nervosa of Pituitary gland



1.3 Pineal gland (Pineal body):

T.S of pineal gland

In the pineal we find

two cell types:

pinealocytes (about

95% of the cells;

large, light and round

nuclei) and astrocytes

(glial cells; dark,

elongated nuclei). Also

present are several

calcified concretions,

called brain sand or

corpora arenacea.



More information:

Pineal gland located on brainstem between midbrain and thalamus

that secretes melatonin .

Please draw the vertical section of

the pineal gland that you see under the microscope

http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/pineal.html



More image:

T.S of pineal gland

Assistance box

astro- = star-shaped



1.4 thyroid gland

T.S. of thyroid gland

Cuboidle follicle cells

Interfollicular

connective tissue




thyroid gland that you see under the microscope

The thyroid gland is composed of many spherical hollow sacs

called thyroid follicles. Each follicle appears as an irregular

circle of cells.

The principal cells, which surround the follicle are simple

cuboidal epithelium.

These follicles are filled with a colloid.

Between these follicles are the parafollicular cells which

produce calcitonin

http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/hormones.html#thyroid



More images:

T.S. of thyroid gland



1.5 parathyroied gland :

T.S. of parathyroid gland

The parathyroid glands are

composed of two major cell

types, the chief cells and the

oxyphils. The majority of the

cells are cheif cells. These

cells are small, dark-staining

cells. The oxyphil cells are

larger cells that typically

display an eosinophilic

cytoplasm. Only a few oxyphils

are present in the typical

section. The function of these

cells is not yet known.

Assistance box

Oxyphil = acidophilic

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Acidophile+(histology)




parathyroid gland that you see under the microscope

More information :

Parathyroid is four tiny glands located behind, next to,

or below the thyroid secrete Parathyroid hormone

(PTH)

http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/pth/glance.html





More image:

T.S. of parathyroid gland



1.6 pancreas :

T.S. of pancreas

Under a microscope, stained

sections of the pancreas reveal

two different types of tissue.

Lightly staining clusters of cells

are called islets of Langerhans,

which produce hormones that

underlie the endocrine functions

of the pancreas. Darker staining

cells form acini connected to

ducts. Acinar cells belong to the

exocrine pancreas and secrete

digestive enzymes into the gut via

a system of ducts.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islets_of_Langerhans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_gland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acinus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocrine_duct

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocrine_pancreas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme




pancreas that you see under the microscope

More information:

There are four main cell types in the islets. They are relatively

difficult to distinguish using standard staining techniques, but

they can be classified by their secretion: α cells secrete

glucagon, β cells secrete insulin, δ cells secrete somatostatin,

and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.[

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_polypeptide

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas#cite_note-3



More images:

T.S. of pancreas



Reference :

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodynervousadvanced/956/

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P

202/Endocrine_System/histology_jpgs/pituitary_40x_P2252250lbd.JP

G

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/443326/45809/The-

glands-of-the-human-endocrine-system

http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-

200/022endocrine2.htm

http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/endocrine/p

arathyroid_and_thyroid_glands_20x.jpg

http://ericir.syr.edu/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Anatomy/ANA0006.html

http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/histolab3g.htm

http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/Histolab8.ht

http://heidimatchembiol4550.blogspot.com/2008/09/assignment-1-my-

favourite-hormone.html

http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/narcolepsy/backgroun

d.html

http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-19.htm

http://www.histology-world.com/contents/contents.htm#endocrine

http://www.immunohistochemistryprotocols.com/pituitary-gland-

histology/

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Endocrines/Endocrin

.htm

http://www.lakemichigancollege.edu/liberal/bio/anat/endocr.html

http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/head/thyroid.htm

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodynervousadvanced/956/

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P202/Endocrine_System/histology_jpgs/pituitary_40x_P2252250lbd.JPG



http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/443326/45809/The-glands-of-the-human-endocrine-system

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/443326/45809/The-glands-of-the-human-endocrine-system

http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-200/022endocrine2.htm

http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-200/022endocrine2.htm

http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/endocrine/parathyroid_and_thyroid_glands_20x.jpg

http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/endocrine/parathyroid_and_thyroid_glands_20x.jpg

http://ericir.syr.edu/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Anatomy/ANA0006.html

http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/histolab3g.htm

http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/Histolab8.ht

http://heidimatchembiol4550.blogspot.com/2008/09/assignment-1-my-favourite-hormone.html

http://heidimatchembiol4550.blogspot.com/2008/09/assignment-1-my-favourite-hormone.html

http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/narcolepsy/background.html

http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/narcolepsy/background.html

http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-19.htm

http://www.histology-world.com/contents/contents.htm#endocrine

http://www.immunohistochemistryprotocols.com/pituitary-gland-histology/

http://www.immunohistochemistryprotocols.com/pituitary-gland-histology/

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Endocrines/Endocrin.htm

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Endocrines/Endocrin.htm

http://www.lakemichigancollege.edu/liberal/bio/anat/endocr.html

http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/head/thyroid.htm



http://medicine.huji.ac.il/depts/humangenetics/dor/dor.html

http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/review/lab16.html

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8883.htm

http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/38_08.jpg


http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Text%20Sections/Endocrine.html

http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/GI138b.htm

http://www.thebrainwiki.com/pmwiki.php?n=Forebrain.Hypothalamus

http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/endocrinehistology.html

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hypothalamu

s.html#somatostatin

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/ana

tomy.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/hist

o_adeno.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/hist

o_pit.html

http://webanatomy.net/histology/endocrine_histology.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas

Human Anatomy, First Edition, McKinley & O'Loughlin

http://medicine.huji.ac.il/depts/humangenetics/dor/dor.html

http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/review/lab16.html

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8883.htm


http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/Histolab8.htm

http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Text%20Sections/Endocrine.html

http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/GI138b.htm

http://www.thebrainwiki.com/pmwiki.php?n=Forebrain.Hypothalamus

http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/endocrinehistology.html



http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/histo_adeno.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/histo_adeno.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/histo_pit.html

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/histo_pit.html

http://webanatomy.net/histology/endocrine_histology.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas



Movie links :

Endocrine system:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrMi4GikWwQ&feature=related

Hypothalamus :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1sZ47s8h_M

pituitary gland :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vae5CcaPN_8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CETqlHYCCN0

thyroid gland:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V0HB4cKIMw

parathyroid gland :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn9crOgnGgs

Games :

http://www.histology-world.com/gameshow/endocrine.htm

http://www.histology-world.com/matchup/endocrine.htm

http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz608706fa9d8.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrMi4GikWwQ&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1sZ47s8h_M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vae5CcaPN_8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CETqlHYCCN0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V0HB4cKIMw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn9crOgnGgs

http://www.histology-world.com/gameshow/endocrine.htm

http://www.histology-world.com/matchup/endocrine.htm

http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz608706fa9d8.html

the endocrine system - kau hormones(student).pdf · chapter 1- animal hormones ... c. identify...

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