1. The Endangered IndigenousAmbrosia DanuLIB315 The Environment & the Human SpiritInstructor: Robin GlennSubmitted: January 14, 2013(Click anywhere to advance each slide)

2. Who are the Indigenous?A Kenyan woman works in a tree nursery during a time when 100 million trees ayear are needed to restore the lost and declining indigenous forests (Kenyan Woman). 3. Who are the Indigenous? Indigenous tribes are generally ethnic groups of people that are historically connected to particular parts of the globe.A Kuna tribe member walks a path through the rainforest in Panama (Kuna Woman). 4. Who are the Indigenous?Due to centuries of colonialism and expansion, these nativepeoples have encountered many obstacles to preserving theirway of life, which includes their natural habitats.A stone quarry with adult and child labourers,Wakiso district, Uganda(Uganda quarry). 5. Who are the Indigenous?The devastation of indigenous lands has continuously beenjustified through indifference to the customs of these nativepeople, as well as unsustainable lifestyles that are based onglobal domination of resources.Much of the land utilized by these Third World cultures is beingsystematically destroyed (Logging). 6. The Issues Many of the dilemmas faced by these indigenous tribes include linguistic and cultural preservation, exploitation of natural resources, environmental degradation, political autonomy, and discrimination.The Darin National Park is inhabited by the ember-wuonn or chocoesethnic group that live in communities within the forest where theyconserve their ancestral hunting, fishing and food harvesting customs, aswell as their traditional huts that transport us to the indigenous past ofAmerica (Cultural Preservation). 7. Political autonomy and discrimination Throughout history, indigenous tribes have encountered conflicts in their attempts to avoid oppression while struggling to understand the newly invading cultures."Custers Last Stand : On June 25, 1876 General George Armstrong Custer and his entire forcewere defeated and killed by Lakota and Northern Cheyenne Indians, led by Sitting Bull, at the Battleof Little Bighorn, in Montana Territory" (Native American Warriors and Battles, 2013). 8. ImperialismHistorically, Africa has been aprime example of indigenous disruption due to its high levels of minerals and otherprofitable resources."Africans in the Congo were enslaved and forced to meetquotas. If they did not meet quotas, they were beaten andwhipped" (Van Tuyll, Bahm & Enright, 2011, page 80). 9. THE ZAPATISTA REVOLUTION The very same day that NAFTA was put into effect throughout North America, masses of indigenous, destitute peasant rebels donned hoods and stood together against their government and generations of discrimination. "The hooded Indians demanded human rights, justice, independence, democracy, employment, liberty, education, healthcare, a subsistent way of life and the recognition of their lands, rights, and culture by a government that had both exploited and abandoned these indigenous people and their land for centuries. They sought a voice that would be heard around the world" (Valenzuela, 2004). 10. Linguistic and cultural preservation With the arrival of explorers and new customs, these native peoples worked to maintain their generational heritage. Maa is an oral language that has not been documented and is therefore vulnerable toextinction. Other written languages, such as English and Swahili, are quickly finding theirway into our communities through formal education, religion, and globalization. Elder Parkesian recalls, Our fathers never wanted us to go to school but the British colonialists insisted and a few were reluctantly sent. They knew we would lose ourlanguage and culture and then get lost (Rogei, 2012, para. 2). 11. Exploitation of natural resourcesAs the world population continues to grow and spread, resourcescontinue to be harvested at an unsustainable rate. " Global Coal Management Resources (GCM) wants to bulldoze 12,000 acres of Bangladeshs most productive agricultural land and replace it with one of the worldslargest open-pit coal mines. By their own account, they would forcibly displace 40,000people in the Phulbari region, including at least 2,200 Indigenous people whose history in the area dates back 5,000 years" (Cultural Survival, 2011). 12. Environmental degradation Unsustainable growth leads to ecosystem imbalance."Scorched earth and blackened vegetation marks where bush fires raged in SoutheastAustralia, one of the effects of climate change in the region"(Turk & Bensel, 2011, page247). 13. ReferencesCultural Preservation. [Photo]. Retrieved from:http://www.panamacanalcountry.com/images/CIMG2343.JPGCultural Survival. (February 2011). Bangladesh: Ban Coal Mine, Save Forests and Farms.Retrieved from: http://www.culturalsurvival.org/take-action/bangladesh-ban-coal-mine-save-forests-and-farmsKenyan Woman. [Photo]. Retrieved from: http://www.agrowingculture.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/trees3.jpgKuna Woman. [Photo]. Retrieved from: http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/12/14/cuipo-partners-kuna-create-project-good-hands?cmpid=tp-twtrLogging. [Photo]. Retrieved from: http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/un-forest-protection-scheme-open-for-organized-crime-abuse.htmlNative American Warriors and Battles. (2013). The History Channel website. Retrieved7:48, January 14, 2013, from http://www.history.com/photos/native-americans-warriors-and-battles.Rogei, D. S. (November 26, 2012).We, Maasai: Revitalizing Indigenous Language andKnowledge for Sustainable Development in Maasailand, Kenya. Retrieved from:http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/we-maasai-revitalizing-indigenous-language-and-knowledgeTurk, J., & Bensel, T. (2011). Contemporary environmental issues. San Diego, CA BridgepointEducation, Inc. Retrieved from: https://content.ashford.edubooksAUSCI207.10.1Uganda Quarry. [Photo]. Retrieved from:http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2011/09/seizure-of-land-for-mining-a-violation-of-indigenous-peoples-rights/Valenzuela, M. (January 11, 2004). Not in our Back Yard. Retrieved from: http://www.world-crisis.com/print_format/348_0_15_0Van Tuyll, H., Bahm, K., & Enright, K. (2011). Historical contexts and literature. San Diego, CA: