the end of reconstruction and the origins of jim crow
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The End of Reconstruction and the Origins of Jim Crow. Overview. Reconstruction: a review The Compromise of 1877 The Emergence of Jim Crow. 1. Reconstruction: A Review. What’s Reconstruction?. 1865: Civil War ends; North wins Two relationships to reconsider: States vs. federal government - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The End of Reconstruction and the Origins of Jim Crow
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Overview
Reconstruction: a reviewThe Compromise of 1877The Emergence of Jim Crow
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1. Reconstruction: A Review
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What’s Reconstruction?
1865: Civil War ends; North wins
Two relationships to reconsider:States vs. federal
governmentWhite Southerners vs. former
slaves
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Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson (Lincoln’s VP)Tennessee Democrat; supported slavery
before Civil WarPhilosophy: give power back to Southern
statesResults:
States passed Black Codes (1865-1867)
Rise of the Ku Klux Klan (formed 1865)
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Radical Reconstruction
Led by radical Republicans in CongressTwo key differences:
Gave more power to the federal governmentGave more rights to former slaves
Two key components:Reconstruction AmendmentsEnforcement Acts
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The Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment (1865): abolishes slavery
14th Amendment (1868): Guarantees citizenship to all persons born in
the U.S.
Prohibits states from passing laws to take away a citizen’s rights
15th Amendment (1870): grants black male citizens the right to vote
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The Enforcement Acts
Three laws, 1870-71Protected civil rights granted to
African AmericansCriminalized activities
associated with the KKKEnforced by federal troops
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Results of Reconstruction
The Good
Citizenship rightsPolitical gainsEstablishment of schools
The Bad
No gains for womenLimited economic gains
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2. The Compromise of 1877
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The Election of 1876
Rutherford Hayes (Republican) vs. Samuel J. Tilden (Democrat)
Final vote was disputedHayes and Tilden agreed on the
Compromise of 1877:Hayes would become president
Federal troops would withdraw from the South
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Results of the Compromise of 1877
Southern governments stopped protecting civil rightsDemocrats returned to power in Southern statesEffectively ended ReconstructionBeginning of Jim Crow
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3. The Emergence of Jim Crow
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Economic Inequality
Former slaves were uneducated and landless
Slavery replaced by sharecropping Families borrowed plots of land and
tools from landowners
Paid rent with a share of their crop
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Laws
Passed by states, cities, and towns
Segregation lawsVoting restrictions
Literacy tests
Poll taxes
Grandfather clauses
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Customs
Widespread stereotypesBlacks expected to act inferior
at all timesSome examples:
Names and titles
No social interaction as equals
Black men and white women kept apart
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Violence
Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups
Targeted blacks and white supporters of civil rights
IntimidationLynchings