The End of Cold War

Berlin Wall-Long standing symbol of Cold War1961

USSR Leaders to be Aware of

Stalin- Command Economy Government controls all economic decisions

Khrushchev- De-Stalinization Rid USSR of Stalinist influence Loosened drastic Stalin-era economic and

political restrictions

Revolts in Eastern Europe (1950’s and 1960’s) Soviets used force to crush public protests No outside assistance East Germany Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia

Glasnost and Perestroika

Mikhail Gorbachev Movement towards progress, reform,

openness in USSR under Gorbachev 1980s Perestroika-Economic restructuring Glasnost-Openness

Leads to…..

How did Eastern

Europeans react to

Gorbachev’s

reforms?

1 Polish demonstrators march in support of the democratic Solidarity movement. 2 The struggle for democracy turns

violent in Romania, where tanks

operated by pro-democracy troops fire

on government supporters.

3 Thousands of

Czechoslovakians

protest against the

nation’s Communist

regime.

Revolutions 1989

Poland-Solidarity Czechoslovakia-Velvet Revolution Romania-Violent Hungary-opened border with Austria East Germany…

Fall of Berlin Wall

Fall Nov. 9th 1989 Strongest symbol of

Cold War and Soviet Repression…gone

Paved way for Reunification of Germany 1990

Reagan http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=TyJZOW4mvYM&feature=related Newscast http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=snsdDb7KDkg

USSR

15 separate republics-All want independence Boris Yelstin-Republic of Russia Gorbachev’s power-largely gone

Fall of USSR: December 25 1991

Ethnic unrest Need for new governments

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4bWo49OoFo&feature=related

Yugoslavia

Nationalism Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence

in 1992 Bosnia Serbs used ethnic cleansing against Bosnian

Muslims

Serbian province of Kosovo-Serbs and ethnic Albanians fought over control

European Union (1992)

Economic and political confederation 28 Countries Must have a stable democratic government Competitive market

Economy