the empirical rule
DESCRIPTION
The Empirical Rule. Also known as The 68-95-99.7 Rule Original content by D.R.S. What The Empircal Rule Says. If the data is distributed in a bell-shaped distribution, then Approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation, plus or minus, from the mean - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Empirical Rule
Also known as The 68-95-99.7 RuleOriginal content by D.R.S.
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What The Empircal Rule Says
• If the data is distributed in a bell-shaped distribution, then– Approximately 68% of the data falls within one
standard deviation, plus or minus, from the mean– Approximately 95% of the data falls within two
standard deviations of the mean– Approximately 99.7% of the data falls within three
standard deviations of the mean
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What’s different from Chebyshev
Chebyshev’s Rule• Applies to any old
distribution, any data set, no restrictions
• It makes timid claims because we have no guarantees about the data distribution pattern.
• It talks in terms of “ at least ____% of the data,” could be more, could be lots more
The Empirical Rule• Applies only to data sets
which have a bell-shaped distribution pattern
• It makes stronger claims, because we know about the bell shape
• It talks in firm values, a definite approximate % of the data.
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The Empirical Rule says…
• 68% of the data lives within one standard deviation of the mean, between z = _____ and z = _____
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The Empirical Rule says…
• 95% of the data lives within two standard deviations of the mean, between z = _____ and z = _____
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The Empirical Rule says…
• 99.7% of the data lives within three standard deviations of the mean,between z = _____ and z = _____
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Outside of the middle
• 68% of the data lives within 1 stdev of mean• So _____% lives outside, >1 stdev of the mean• _____% in the left tail, _____% in the right tail
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Outside of the middle
• 95% of the data lives within 2 stdevs of mean• So _____% lives outside,>2 stdevs of the mean• _____% in the left tail, _____% in the right tail
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Outside of the middle
• 99.7% of the data within 3 stdevs of mean• So _____% lives outside,>3 stdevs of the mean• _____% in the left tail, _____% in the right tail
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Practice with Areas: 0 < z < 1
• _____% of the data lies between z = -1 and z = +1
• And this area is ½ of that, or _____%
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Practice with Areas: 0 < z < 2
• _____% of the data lies between z = -2 and z = +2
• And this area is ½ of that, or _____%
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Practice with Areas: 0 < z < 3
• _____% of the data lies between z = -3 and z = +3
• And this area is ½ of that, or _____%
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Practice with Areas: 0 < z <∞
• Since the bell-shaped curve is SYMMETRIC, _____ % lies to the right of z = 0.
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < 0
• Since the bell-shaped curve is SYMMETRIC, _____ % lies to the right of z = 0.
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < -1
• _____ % of the area lies to the left of z = 0• But we take away the area between z = -1 to 0– ½ of the area between z = -1 and z = +1, ½ of ___%
• Summary: _____ % minus _____ % = _____%
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < -2
• _____ % of the area lies to the left of z = 0• But we take away the area between z = -2 to 0– ½ of the area between z = -2 and z = +2, ½ of ___%
• Summary: _____ % minus _____ % = _____%
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < 1
• ____ % to the left of z = 0, • Plus the area between z = 0 and z = 1– Total area between z = -1 and z = +1 is ______%– Half of that
is ____%• Summary:
____% + ____%= _____%
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < 2
• ____ % to the left of z = 0, • Plus the area between z = 0 and z = 2– Total area between z = -2 and z = +2 is ______%– Half of that
is ____%• Summary:
____% + ____%= _____%
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < 3
• ____ % to the left of z = 0, • Plus the area between z = 0 and z = 3– Total area between z = -3 and z = +3 is ______%– Half of that
is ____%• Summary:
____% + ____%= _____%
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Practice with Areas: -∞ < z < ∞
• Should be a cinch, right? ____ %
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Practice with Areas: 1 < z < 2
• Area between z = 0 and z = 2 is ½ of ____% which is ____%
• Area between z = 0 and z = 1 is ½ of ____% which is ____%
• Subtract: ____%- ____% = ____%
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Practice with Areas: 1 < z < 3
• Area between z = 0 and z = 3 is ½ of ____% which is ____%
• Area between z = 0 and z = 1 is ½ of ____% which is ____%
• Subtract: ____%- ____% = ____%
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Practice with Areas: 1 < z < ∞
• ____ % in the right half, 0 to ∞ • Minus the ____% between 0 and 1• Equals _____%
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Practice with Areas: 2 < z < 3
• Area between z = 0 and z = 3 = _____%• Area between z = 0 and z = 2 = _____ %• Subtract, giving ____% between 2 and 3
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Practice with Areas: 2 < z < ∞
• ____% in the right half• Minus _____% between 0 and 2• Equals ____% to the right of z = 2.
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Practice with Areas: -3 < z < 0
• _____% between z = -3 and z = +3• Half of that is _____%
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Practice with Areas: -2 < z < 0
• _____% between z = -2 and z = +2• Half of that is _____%
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Practice with Areas: -1 < z < 0
• _____% between z = -1 and z = +1• Half of that is _____%
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Practice with Areas: -3 < z < 1
• ____ % between z = -3 and z = 0• ____ % between z = 0 and z = 1• Add, giving _____%
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Practice with Areas: -3 < z < 2
• ____ % between z = -3 and z = 0• ____ % between z = 0 and z = 2• Add, giving _____%
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Practice with Areas: -2 < z < -1
• ____% between z = -2 and z = 0• ____% between z = -1 and z = 0• Subtract, giving ____%
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Practice with Areas: -2 < z < 1
• ____ % between z = -2 and z = 0• ____ % between z = 0 and z = 1• Add, giving _____%
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Practice with Areas: -2 < z < 3
• ____ % between z = -2 and z = 0• ____ % between z = 0 and z = 3• Add, giving _____%
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Practice with Areas: -1 < z < 3
• ____ % between z = -1 and z = 0• ____ % between z = 0 and z = 3• Add, giving _____%
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Practice with Areas: -1 < z < 2
• ____ % between z = -1 and z = 0• ____ % between z = 0 and z = 2• Add, giving _____%