the empire of ghana

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The Empire of The Empire of Ghana Ghana Enduring Understandings: Enduring Understandings: Natural Resources and geographic Natural Resources and geographic features contribute to success in features contribute to success in trade trade Trade results in the blending of Trade results in the blending of cultural traditions and belief cultural traditions and belief systems systems

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Page 1: The Empire of Ghana

The Empire of The Empire of GhanaGhana

Enduring Understandings:Enduring Understandings:►Natural Resources and geographic Natural Resources and geographic

features contribute to success in tradefeatures contribute to success in trade►Trade results in the blending of Trade results in the blending of

cultural traditions and belief systemscultural traditions and belief systems

Page 2: The Empire of Ghana

West Africa’s EmpiresWest Africa’s Empires

►What they have in common…What they have in common… Thrived due to their location – Niger River, Thrived due to their location – Niger River,

Natural Resources, and proximity to other Natural Resources, and proximity to other trading nationstrading nations

Strong leadership contributed to their Strong leadership contributed to their successsuccess

Influenced by Islam because of tradeInfluenced by Islam because of trade

Page 3: The Empire of Ghana

Do NowDo Now

►On a scrap piece of On a scrap piece of paper answer the paper answer the following question:following question:

►How did geography How did geography effect the location effect the location of the empire of of the empire of Ghana? Ghana?

Ghana

Page 4: The Empire of Ghana

The Foundation of the Empire

► The empire of Ghana existed between 300 -1267 CE

► Became wealthy by controlling the natural resources available and taxing traders

► Ghana was primarily located in the savannah of Africa

Page 5: The Empire of Ghana

Ghana’s Northern BorderGhana’s Northern Border

►Northern Ghana bordered Sahara; ideal hub for salt, gold trade-served as trade regulators of salt from north, gold from south- kept gold source secret and limited supply; increased trade value

Page 6: The Empire of Ghana

Ghana’s Southern BorderGhana’s Southern Border

►Southern Ghana was border by the Southern Ghana was border by the Niger river and the rainforests.Niger river and the rainforests.

►The Rainforests contained gold, the The Rainforests contained gold, the kings of Ghana decided to hide the kings of Ghana decided to hide the location of the mines a secret in order location of the mines a secret in order to control the value of the goldto control the value of the gold

Page 7: The Empire of Ghana

Ghana’s KingsGhana’s Kings

►Ghana received it’s name from the Ghana received it’s name from the people who inhabited the land. “Ghana” people who inhabited the land. “Ghana” is what the people called their king.is what the people called their king.

►The kings were responsible for keeping The kings were responsible for keeping trade running smoothly and playing an trade running smoothly and playing an important role in the relgious life of the important role in the relgious life of the people. Kings performed the proper people. Kings performed the proper prayers and rituals to make the land prayers and rituals to make the land fertile and to bring prosperity to the fertile and to bring prosperity to the peoplepeople

Page 8: The Empire of Ghana

Empire of GhanaEmpire of Ghana

Ghana became wealthy for several reasons: Koumbi Saleh

(popl.15,000), Ghana’s capital was located at the crossroads of several major trade routes.

The king controlled the secret of the gold mines, therefore controlled the price of gold

The king taxed traders and collected tributes from conquered peoples

Page 9: The Empire of Ghana

Kingdom to EmpireKingdom to Empire

►Once the kindgom of Ghana became Once the kindgom of Ghana became wealthy, the king took the opportunity wealthy, the king took the opportunity to begining to expand it’s borders by to begining to expand it’s borders by conquering lands surrounding the conquering lands surrounding the empire.empire.

►By acquiring more lands the kingdom By acquiring more lands the kingdom became even more wealthy and as a became even more wealthy and as a result grew even further resulting in an result grew even further resulting in an empireempire

Page 10: The Empire of Ghana

Religious and Cultural Changes

► Berbers, Islam, Arabic greatly influenced empires of West Africa

► Berbers—North Africans who developed trade routes, raised camels- spoke Arabic, practiced Islam, worked with Umayyads in African trade

Page 11: The Empire of Ghana

BerbersBerbers

►Berbers brought writing (Arabic), Islam, scholars to West Africa- some Ghana kings converted to Islam, used Arabic in government

Page 12: The Empire of Ghana

Influence of Islamic BeliefsInfluence of Islamic Beliefs

► Some Ghana kings Some Ghana kings converted to Islam converted to Islam but kept some but kept some traditional beliefs in traditional beliefs in order to keep the order to keep the support of their support of their subjectssubjects-belief that ancestry -belief that ancestry gave king right to gave king right to rule was maintainedrule was maintained

Page 13: The Empire of Ghana

Influence of Islamic BeliefsInfluence of Islamic Beliefs

► Muslims gained Muslims gained power in Ghana power in Ghana government, advised government, advised kingskings

► Ghana 's upper class Ghana 's upper class accepted Islam, accepted Islam, learned Arabic, read learned Arabic, read Qur'anQur'an

► Islamic ethics, or Islamic ethics, or beliefs, influenced beliefs, influenced the law and culture the law and culture in Ghanain Ghana

Page 14: The Empire of Ghana

Ghana Under AttackGhana Under Attack► Despite Islam’s influence Despite Islam’s influence

Ghana declined Ghana declined ► Almoravids Almoravids —North African —North African

Muslims – a group made up of Muslims – a group made up of a confederation of Berbers - a confederation of Berbers - who came to power in 11th who came to power in 11th centurycentury

-Almoravids were camel -Almoravids were camel herders who envied Ghana 's herders who envied Ghana 's wealthwealth-wanted Muslims to follow -wanted Muslims to follow their interpretation of Islamtheir interpretation of Islam

► Almoravids attacked Ghana, Almoravids attacked Ghana, weakened trade networkweakened trade network

► Ghana crumbled; Almoravids Ghana crumbled; Almoravids seized capital in 1076seized capital in 1076

Capital of Ghana

Almoravid Empire

Page 15: The Empire of Ghana

ReviewReview

How did natural Resources and How did natural Resources and geographic features contribute to geographic features contribute to success in trade?success in trade?

Trade results in the blending of cultural Trade results in the blending of cultural traditions and belief systems?traditions and belief systems?