the emerging frontiers of risk management: today’s norms and expectations

8/6/2019 The Emerging Frontiers of Risk Management: TODAYS NORMS AND EXPECTATIONS

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FJET GBG V~kfeil Zk~ozp

PBK KGKZHEMH AZOMPEKZV OA ZEVC GIMIHKGKMP


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Pbk Kgkzhemh Azompekzv o Zevc Gimihkgkmp

PO@IUV MOZGV IM@ KR^KFPIPEOMV


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Pkm ukizv iho, j{vemkvvkv im` emqkvpozv kmpkzk` i `kfi`k o

xzkmfbemh fbimhk- Kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp "KZG% xiv i

zklipeqklu {m`kqklo~k` kl` pbkm, im` kx j{vemkvvkv bi` pbk

~olefekv im` ~zifpefkv mkk`k` po ~zopkfp pbkez vpickbol`kzv

zog pbk kkfpv o pbk vkqkzk mimfeil im` kfomogef fzevkv

o :>>2 im` :>>5- Vemfk pbkm, pbk oqkzill vpipk o zkièmkvv

biv eg~zoqk`- J{p mkx fbillkmhkv fompem{k po kgkzhk kqkzu

ìu, im` v{z~zevkv izk vpell ~ovvejlk- Box xkll ~zk~izk` ev uo{z

fog~imu oz pbk zevcv, kr~kfpipeomv, im` vpzkvvkv om empkzmil

fompzolv pbip lek ibki`? Pbev zk~ozp xell bkl~ uo{ {m`kzvpim`

box uo{z fog~imu fog~izkv xepb opbkzv im` xbip vpk~v uo{

fim pick mox po eg~zoqk pbk xiu uo{ gimihk zevcv-

I @kfi`k o Go{mpemh Kr~kfpipeomv

Pbk mozgv im` kr~kfpipeomv oz zevc gimihkgkmp biqk kqolqk`

oqkz pbk ~ivp `kfi`k iv i zkv{lp o fbimhemh kfomogef im`

j{vemkvv fomèpeomv pbip xkzk xkll'~{jlefetk` ju pbk gkèi-

Vogk o pbk gkèi zk~ozpv {klk` i vkmvk o ~{jlef o{pzihk oqkz

vehmefimp lovvkv `{k po {mkr~kfpk` zevcv- Xepb kifb xiqk o

o{pzihk figk gozk fillv oz mo v{z~zevkv olloxk` ju zo{m`v

o h{eìmfk, zkh{lipozu zkozgv, im` kmozfkgkmp ifpeomv- Pbk

zkozgv im` h{eìmfk ~kick` poxiz` pbk km` o pbk `kfi`k,

bkl~emh fog~imekv po m` jkppkz xiuv po gkkp pbk go{mpemh

kr~kfpipeomv o emqkvpozv, f{vpogkzv, fzkèp zipemh ihkmfekv,

zkh{lipozv, im` opbkzv ill o xbog izk `kgimèmh behbkz

vpimìz`v o hoqkzmimfk, zevc gimihkgkmp im` fog~leimfk-

Gelkvpomkv om pbk Zoi` po Jkppkz Zevc Gimihkgkmp

:>9::>9>:>>2:>>1:>>0:>>::>>>9552

Kqkmpv im`

Pzkm`v

Zkozgv im`

H{eìmfk

VOR

FOVO KZG

VKF Z{lk'Hoqkzmimfk ! Zevc

Fzkèp zipemhv of{v om KZG

@o``'Azimc Ifp

FOVO Vgillkz^{jlef Fog~imekv Gozk FOVO Vp{èkv

9

:

6

0

Azi{`, joizòqkzvehbp, CZEv

2

8

1

;

Aiel{zkv o mimfeil emvpep{peomv im` i

mkiz gklp'òxm o mimfeil vuvpkgv

lk` po fzepefevgv o jimcv jom{v ~limv

oz kmfo{zihemh {m`{k zevc'picemh-

Fzkèp pehbpkmemh lk` po

kfomogef zkfkvveom im`givveqk vpofc gizckp lovvkv-

Aemimfeil zk~ozpemh im` j{vemkvv

vfimìlv zkv{lpk` em pbk

foz~ozipk gklpòxmv o Kmzom

im` opbkz fog~imekv-


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Gelkvpomkv om pbk Zoi` po Jkppkz Zevc Gimihkgkmp "fompem{k`%

Cku po zkozgv im` h{eìmfk

9 Fomhzkvv kmifpk` pbk Vizjimkv'Orlku Ifp o :>>: "VOR%,

empzo`{femh mkx Empkzmil fompzol zk~ozpemh zky{ezkgkmpv-

9

: FOVO ~{jlevbk` Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Gimihkgkmp'Empkhzipk`

Azigkxozc' im kr~imveom o pbk FOVO Empkzmil Fompzol'

Empkhzipk` Azigkxozc ~{jlevbk` em pbk 955>v-

6 FOVO ~{jlevbk` Empkzmil Fompzol oqkz Aemimfeil

Zk~ozpemh ' H{eìmfk oz Vgillkz ^{jlef Fog~imekv-

0 Gidoz fzkèp zipemh ihkmfekv Vpimìz` ! ôozv im`

Gooùv empkmvek` pbkez zkqekxv o zevc gimihkgkmp

~zohzigv kg~louk` ju jopb mimfeil im` mommimfeil

fog~imekv- V!^ ~{jlevbk` ~zohzkvv zk~ozpv om

empkhzipemh KZG Imiluvev empo zipemhv-

; Mkx VKF z{lkv pooc kkfp oz pbk :>9> ~zoru vkivom,

zkv{lpemh em zky{ezk` èvflov{zkv ijo{p pbk zolk o pbk

joiz` o èzkfpozv em zevc oqkzvehbp, iv xkll iv imu

fog~kmvipeom ~olefekv im` ~zifpefkv pbip ~zkvkmp

gipkzeil zevcv po pbk fog~imu-

1 FOVO ~{jlevbk` pbk zkv{lpv o i vp{ù om Azi{`{lkmp

Aemimfeil Zk~ozpemh4 9552':>>8-

8 Fomhzkvv kmifpk` pbk @o``'Azimc Xill Vpzkkp Zkozg

im` Fomv{gkz ^zopkfpeom Ifp- Igomh opbkz pbemhv, pbev

Ifp krkg~pv vgillkz ~{jlef fog~imekv zog pbk VOR

zky{ezkgkmpv oz i{èpoz ippkvpipeom o empkzmil fompzol

zk~ozpemh-

2 FOVO zklkivk` i`èpeomil zk~ozpv, emfl{èmh4

m :>9> Zk~ozp om KZG4 F{zzkmp Vpipk o Kmpkz~zevk Zevc

Oqkzvehbp im` Gizckp ^kzfk~peomv o FOVOv KZG

Azigkxozc-

m Joiz` Zevc Oqkzvehbp4 I ^zohzkvv Zk~ozp-

m @kqklo~emh Cku Zevc Emèfipozv po Vpzkmhpbkm KZG-


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Kqolqemh Uiz`vpefcv O V{ffkvv

Ilpbo{hb pbkzk izk vkqkzil zevc gimihkgkmp zigkxozcv

iqielijlk poìu, pbk FOVO h{eìmfk biv jkfogk cku po

gkiv{zemh v{ffkvv- FOVO vpim`v oz pbk Foggeppkk o

V~omvozemh Ozhimetipeomv o pbk Pzki`xiu Foggevveom- Pbev

Foggeppkk ev i qol{mpizu ~zeqipk'vkfpoz ozhimetipeom foggeppk`

po ~{jlevbemh vp{èkv im` pbo{hbp ~i~kzv pbip kr~im` pbk

joèkv o cmoxlk`hk em pbk izkiv o empkzmil fompzol, kmpkz~zevk

zevc gimihkgkmp im` zi{` `kpkzzkmfk- FOVOv h{eìmfk

om zevc gimihkgkmp biv bkl~k` po lehbp pbk xiu ozxiz`, j{p

~zohzkvv biv jkkm {mkqkm im` èf{lp po gkiv{zk em ~izp

jkfi{vk o pbk mkk` oz d{`hgkmp em ivvkvvemh pbk krpkmp poxbefb im kmpepu ev gkkpemh pbk g{lpe'ègkmveomil ~izigkpkzv

mkfkvvizu oz i ozgil KZG ~zohzig iv `kmk` ju FOVO-

@kamepeom o KZG

I ~zofkvv, kkfpk` ju im kmpepuv joiz` o èzkfpozv,

gimihkgkmp, im` opbkz ~kzvommkl, i~~lek` em vpzipkhu vkppemh

im` ifzovv pbk kmpkz~zevk, `kvehmk` po e`kmpeu ~opkmpeil kqkmpv

pbip giu ikfp pbk kmpepu, im` gimihk zevc po jk xepbem epv

zevc i~~kpepk, po ~zoqe`k zkivomijlk ivv{zimfk zkhizèmh pbk

ifbekqkgkmp o kmpepu ojdkfpeqkv-

FOVO, KmpKz~zeVK zeVc GimihKGKmp AziGKxOzc, :>>0

Jkfi{vk fomve`kzijlk d{`hgkmp ev zky{ezk` po hi{hk pbk lkqkl

o ~zohzkvv om vogk o pbk ~izigkpkzv, "k-h-, gimihemh zevcv

xepbem zevc i~~kpepkv im` ~zoqeèmh zkivomijlk ivv{zimfk o

ojdkfpeqkv ifzovv im kmpkz~zevk%, pbkzk ev mo fomqkmekmp xiu

po zipk i fog~imuv oqkzill zevc gimihkgkmp ~kzozgimfk

ihiemvp opbkzv o epv vetk oz em epv em`{vpzu- J{p vogk

y{ilepipeqk ìpi ev iqielijlk ijo{p v~kfef jkmfbgizcv om

pbk do{zmku po KZG- Fog~izevomv xepb pbkvk jkmfbgizcv

fim jk bkl~{l em fogg{mefipemh xepb joiz`v im` emqkvpozv

xbo ximp po cmox xbkzk i fog~imu vpim`v im` box xkll ep

ev gkkpemh pbk kr~kfpipeomv o emqkvpozv, f{vpogkzv, fzkèp

zipemh ihkmfekv, zkh{lipozv, im` opbkzv-

Y{kvpeomv po Ivc po @kpkzgemk Xbkzk Uo{ Vpim`

Xepbem pbk fompkrp o pbk FOVO `kmepeom fepk` ijoqk, pbk

olloxemh y{kvpeomv ell{vpzipk pbk cem`v o jkmfbgizcv pbip

giu jk bkl~{l em `kpkzgememh xbkzk i fog~imu vpim`v

zklipeqk po oqkzill mozgv im` kr~kfpipeomv4


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9- @okv pbk fog~imu giempiem i zevc zkhevpkz oz bkip

gi~ pbip flivvekv po~ zevcv ju leckleboo` im` eg~ifp,

ilomh xepb i gepehipeom vpzipkhu oz kifb?

:- @okv pbk fog~imu ivvehm v~kfef oxmkzvbe~ oz cku zevcv?

6- @okv pbk fog~imu `kqklo~ ilpkzmipeqk gepehipeom

vpzipkhekv?

0- @okv pbk fog~imu fogg{mefipk zevc polkzimfkv ifzovv

pbk ozhimetipeom?

;- @okv pbk fog~imu flkizlu fogg{mefipk zevc i~~kpepk po

empkzmil im` krpkzmil vpickbol`kzv {vemh i vpimìz` im`

fomvevpkmp KZG limh{ihk?

1- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk i {llu kmhihk` im` zevc'ivp{pk

joiz` o èzkfpozv oqkzvkkemh zevc?

Imvxkzv4 I ukv imvxkz po y{kvpeom 9 ev pbk mozg, "e-k-,

govp foggom i~~zoifb igomh fog~imekv pbip biqk i

ozgil KZG ~zohzig iffozèmh po i :>9> zk~ozp ju V!^v-%

E uo{ fim imvxkz ukv po y{kvpeomv : pbzo{hb 0, pbkm

iffozèmh po V!^v zk~ozp, uo{z fog~imu ev omk o i zklipeqklu

vgill gemozepu o behb ifbekqkzv- I ukv imvxkz po y{kvpeomv

; im` 1 gkimv uo{z fog~imu illv xepbem im kqkm gozk

klepk gemozepu, `kv~epk pbk ifp pbip vpickbol`kzv ximp im`

kr~kfp gozk emozgipeom mox ijo{p zevc gimihkgkmp- I

gidoz ojvpiflk po ~zoqeèmh pbev emozgipeom vkkgv po jk pbk

lifc o i {meozg limh{ihk oz zevc pbip ev {m`kzvpimìjlk jukqkzuomk emqolqk` lemk gimihkzv, vkmeoz krkf{peqkv, joiz`

gkgjkzv, vbizkbol`kzv, zkh{lipozv, im` opbkz vpickbol`kzv-

Aoz Gozk Emozgipeom

Pbk FOVO h{eìmfk gkmpeomk` em pbev zk~ozp ev iqielijlk

oz ~{zfbivk oz òxmloi` ip bpp~4//xxx-fovo-ozh- Pbkvk

gipkzeilv emfl{`k4

mFOVO, Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Gimihkgkmp Empkhzipk`

Azigkxozc, :>>0-

mFOVO, Empkzmil Fompzol oqkz Aemimfeil Zk~ozpemh

H{eìmfk oz Vgillkz ^{jlef Fog~imekv, :>>1-

mFOVO, Azi{`{lkmp Aemimfeil Zk~ozpemh4 9552':>>8

Im Imiluvev o [-V- ^{jlef Fog~imekv, :>9>-

mFOVO, Kkfpeqk Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Oqkzvehbp4 Pbk Zolk o

pbk Joiz` o @ezkfpozv, :>>5-


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mFOVO, Kgjzifemh Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Gimihkgkmp4 ^zifpefil

I~~zoifbkv oz Hkppemh Vpizpk`, :>99-

mFOVO, @kqklo~emh Cku Zevc Emèfipozv po Vpzkmhpbkm

Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Gimihkgkmp, :>9>-

mFOVOv :>9> Zk~ozp om KZG4 F{zzkmp Vpipk o

Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Oqkzvehbp im` Gizckp ^kzfk~peomv o

FOVOv KZG Azigkxozc, :>9>-

Opbkz gipkzeilv gkmpeomk` em pbev zk~ozp izk iqielijlk oz

òxmloi` zog pbk olloxemh vo{zfkv4

mVpimìz` ! ôozv, Fzkèp AIY4 Vpimìz` ! ôozv Loocv

A{zpbkz empo Box Mommimfeil Fog~imekv Gimihk Zevc,D{mk :0, :>9>- "bpp~4//xxx-vpimìzìm`~oozv-fog/

zipemhv/kzg/km/{v%

m[V Vkf{zepekv im` Krfbimhk Foggevveom, Aemil Z{lk

om ^zoru @evflov{zk Kmbimfkgkmpv, @kfkgjkz :>>5-

"bpp~4//xxx-vkf-hoq/z{lkv/mil/:>>5/66'5>25-~`%

mVizjimkv'Orlku Ifp o :>>:- "bpp~4//a9-m`lix-

fog/mkxv-m`lix-fog/fmm/òfv/hxj{vb/

vizjimkvorlku>8:6>:-~`%

m@o``'Azimc Xill Vpzkkp Zkozg im` Fomv{gkz ^zopkfpeom

Ifp o :>9>- "bpp~4//zxkjhipk-iffkvv-h~o-hoq/fhe'jem/

hkpòf-fhe?`jmigk7999_fomh_jellv!òfe`74b0986kmz-

prp-~`%


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AZI[@ IM@ ZKLIPK@ ZEVCV


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Pbk zevc kmqezomgkmp ev fomvpimplu fbimhemh, fbillkmhemh

fog~imekv po gomepoz pbk fbimhkv im` of{v pbkez kozpv om pbk

govp ~zkvvemh evv{kv ip imu ~oemp em pegk- Em zkfkmp ukizv, zi{`

biv jkkm im izki o hzoxemh fomfkzm oz fog~imekv o ill vetkv-

I :>9> zk~ozp ju pbk Emvpep{pk o Empkzmil I{èpozv "EEI% emèfipkv

pbip zi{`v biqk jkkm gozk ~zkqilkmp vemfk pbk omvkp o pbk

kfomogef zkfkvveom em :>>2, kv~kfeillu kg~loukk'zklipk` zi{`v

v{fb iv pbkp o fog~imu ~zo~kzpu im` zkvo{zfkv, kgjkttlkgkmp

im` kr~kmvk iffo{mp zi{`- Pbk EEIv zk~ozp kr~liemv pbip pbkvk

pu~kv o zi{`v biqk emfzkivk` iv pbk kfomogef zkfkvveom im`

iffog~imuemh {mkg~lougkmp lkqklv biqk ikfpk` fo{mplkvv

kg~loukkv om i ~kzvomil lkqkl, opkm emqolqemh pbk lovv o emfogk

zog omk oz gozk bo{vkbol` gkgjkzv-

Gicemh Azi{` i Behbkz ^zeozepu

Pbk zevemh lkqkl o zi{` biv ~zog~pk` gimu fog~imekv po

`kqklo~ im` eg~lkgkmp ~zoifpeqk impe'zi{` ~zohzigv `kvehmk`

po `kpkfp im` ~zkqkmp ill cem`v o zi{`, emfl{èmh kg~loukk'

zklipk` zi{`v- Em omk xkll'~{jlefetk` zi{` fivk, i zk~ozp em

Fog~leimfk Xkkc kvpegipk` pbip pbk igo{mp gevi~~zo~zeipk`

oqkz i qk'ukiz ~kzeo` mkizlu ky{ilk` pbk fog~imuv gizckp

fi~epiletipeom- Zk~ozpv leck pbev omk izk fi{vemh opbkz

fog~imekv po ivc, Fo{l` ep bi~~km bkzk?

Fo{l` zi{` jk off{zzemh ip uo{z fog~imu?

Zkfkmplu ep xiv zkqkilk` pbip oqkz $6> gelleom xiv vpolkm zog

Gelxi{ckk'jivk` Covv Foz~ozipeom "pbk Fog~imu%, illkhk`lu ju

vkmeoz gkgjkzv o pbk iffo{mpemh pkig- Iffozèmh po pbk AJEv

emèfpgkmp, pbev zi{` xiv ~kz~kpzipk` ju pbk i{pbozetipeom

o m{gkzo{v xezk pzimvkzv o {m`v zog jimc iffo{mpv

giempiemk` ju Covv po vkpplk ~kzvomil Igkzefim Kr~zkvv fzkèp

fiz` jellv- Em i`èpeom, pbk ~kz~kpzipozv {vk` gomku zog Covvv

jimc iffo{mpv po {m` opbkz ~kzvomil kr~kmvkv-

Pbk zi{`{lkmp pzimvifpeomv xkzk fomfkilk` zog pbk Fog~imu

ju ~zk~izemh ilvk iffo{mpemh joocv im` zkfoz`v- Pbev emfl{`k`

ilvk do{zmil kmpzekv po èvh{evk pbk gevi~~zo~zeipeom o {m`v-

Pbk ~kz~kpzipozv ippkg~pk` po be`k pbk kgjkttlkgkmp em pbk

Fog~imuv amimfeil vpipkgkmpv ju oqkzvpipemh ivvkpv, kr~kmvkv,

im` fovp o vilkv, im` ju {m`kzvpipemh leijelepekv im` vilkv-


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11/38


mFog~imekv giu ilvo ifk gozk zevcv o zi{`v zklipk`

po qkmòzv oz opbkz pbez` ~izpekv- Krig~lkv emfl{`k

oqkz~iugkmpv po fompzifpozv im` ~iugkmpv oz vkzqefkv

mop zkm`kzk`-

mFozz{~peom'pu~k zevcv zklipk` po fog~leimfk xepb lixv

giu ilvo emfzkivk- Krig~lkv emfl{`k jzejkzu o ozkehm

ofeilv, ellkhil ve`k ihzkkgkmpv, im` ifelepipeom ~iugkmpv

zklipk` po eg~ozpv-

mMkx ozgv o ìpi im` emozgipeom zevcv izk ilvo

kgkzhemh- Krig~lkv emfl{`k èvflov{zk o foz~ozipk ìpi

po fog~kpepozv, {vk o emozgipeom pkfbmolohu po foqkz {~

zi{`, im` zevcv ivvofeipk` xepb mkx mimfeil vuvpkgv-

Gkiv{zkv o Kkfpeqkmkvv im` Ivv{zimfk

Fog~imekv mkk` zkleijlk gkiv{zkv o ~zohzkvv po gimihk

pbk {ll v~kfpz{g o zi{`v im` zklipk` zevcv- FOVOv

jzoi`kvp uiz`vpefc o v{ffkvv ev bkl~{l jkfi{vk ep `kmkv

kkfpeqkmkvv jzoi`lu em pkzgv o gimihemh zevcv zklipk` po

ill o{z cku fipkhozekv o ojdkfpeqkv4 vpzipkhef, o~kzipeomil,

zk~ozpemh, im` fog~leimfk-

Kkfpeqkmkvv

Xbkm kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp ev `kpkzgemk` po jk kkfpeqk

em kifb o pbk o{z fipkhozekv o ojdkfpeqkv, zkv~kfpeqklu,pbk joiz` o èzkfpozv im` gimihkgkmp biqk zkivomijlk

ivv{zimfk pbip pbku {m`kzvpim` pbk krpkmp po xbefb pbk kmpepuv

vpzipkhef im` o~kzipeomv ojdkfpeqkv izk jkemh ifbekqk`, im`

pbip pbk kmpepuv zk~ozpemh ev zkleijlk im` i~~lefijlk lixv im`

zkh{lipeomv izk jkemh fog~lek` xepb-

FOVO, KmpKz~zeVK zeVc GimihKGKmp AziGKxOzc, :>>0

Pbev `kmepeom o kkfpeqkmkvv zky{ezkv i lkqkl o ivv{zimfk

pbip hokv jkuom` pbip ~zoqe`k` ju krpkzmil i{èpv- Krpkzmil

i{èpv of{v om kr~ov{zkv pbip fim zkv{lp em i gipkzeil

gevvpipkgkmp o mimfeil vpipkgkmpv oz i gipkzeil lovv po pbk

ozhimetipeom- Pbku izk mop `kvehmk` po ivvkvv xbkpbkz pbk

kr~ov{zkv izk fomvevpkmp xepb i fog~imuv zevc i~~kpepk im`

ifbekqkgkmp o epv hoilv, j{p pbkzk ev vogk vumkzhu jkpxkkm

mimfeil vpipkgkmp i{èpv im` zevc gimihkgkmp jkfi{vk

gimu zi{` zevcv fim jk i``zkvvk` xepb im i~~zo~zeipk

vuvpkg o empkzmil fompzol- Pbk Vizjimkv'Orlku Ifp o :>>:

"VOR% ~iqk` pbk xiu oz vehmefimp ~zohzkvv em pbip zkhiz` ju

zky{ezemh gimihkgkmp zk~ozpemh im` i{èpoz ippkvpipeom om

empkzmil fompzolv oqkz mimfeil zk~ozpemh oz ~{jlef fog~imekv-


12/38


Boxkqkz, pbk @o``'Azimc Ifp o :>9> krkg~pk` vgillkz ~{jlef

fog~imekv "mom'iffklkzipk` lkzv% zog pbk i{èpoz ippkvpipeom

zky{ezkgkmpv-

Hzoxemh Fbillkmhkv oz Vgillkz Fog~imekv

Pbk VOR krkg~peom oz vgillkz ~{jlef fog~imekv ev jopb i

jlkvvemh im` f{zvk- Om pbk omk bim`, vgillkz fog~imekv izk

lkvv ijlk po oop pbk jell oz fovplu i{èpoz ippkvpipeomv3 om pbk

opbkz bim`, vp{èkv vbox pbku izk gozk q{lmkzijlk po zi{`-

Pbev fzkipkv im {mlkqkl ~liuemh kl` oz emqkvpozv-

Im [mkqkm ^liuemh Aekl`Vgill ozhimetipeomv izk èv~zo~ozpeomipklu qefpegetk` ju

off{~ipeomil zi{`- Pbkvk ozhimetipeomv izk pu~efillu lifcemh

em impe'zi{` fompzolv fog~izk` po pbkez lizhkz fo{mpkz~izpv

xbefb gickv pbkg ~izpef{lizlu q{lmkzijlk po zi{`-

iFAK, :>9> zK~OzppOpbK mipeOmVOm

OFF{~ipeOmil Azi{ìm` ij{VK

Ilpbo{hb pbk VKF ev vpell vp{ùemh pbk fovpv im` jkmkpv o pbk

VOR zky{ezkgkmpv oz vgillkz ~{jlef fog~imekv, pbk vpip{v

y{o ev ~izpef{lizlu pzo{jlkvogk xbkm ep fogkv po zi{`- I

:>>2 zk~ozp ju pbk Emvpep{pk o Empkzmil I{èpozv im` opbkzv

emèfipkv pbip gozk fog~imekv izk zkv~omèmh po kr~kfpipeomvju kr~zkvvemh pbkez zevc i~~kpepk iv i tkzo polkzimfk oz zi{`

o imu pu~k- Pbev ojdkfpeqk ev mkizlu eg~ovvejlk po ifbekqk

xepbo{p v{~~lkgkmpil ~zohzigv oz ~zkqkmpemh im` `kpkfpemh

zi{`, kv~kfeillu em i vgillkz ~{jlef fog~imu, xbkzk kg~loukkv

pkm` po jk hkmkzilevpv xbo ~kzozg g{lpe~lk doj `{pekv im` ep ev

gozk èf{lp po gepehipk zevcv pbzo{hb vkhzkhipeom o `{pekv oz

fkmpziletipeom o vbizk` vkzqefkv-

Y{kvpeomv po Ivc Ijo{p Uo{z Impe'Azi{` ^zohzig

Pbk olloxemh y{kvpeomv giu jk bkl~{l em `kpkzgememh box xkll

i fog~imu ev gimihemh epv zevc o zi{`4

9- Biv pbk fog~imu `kqklo~k` i vpipkgkmp o epv polkzimfk oz

zi{`? Ev ep i~~zoqk` ju pbk joiz` o èzkfpozv?

:- @o pbk fog~imuv zevc ivvkvvgkmpv pick empo iffo{mp

cmoxm zi{`v pbip biqk bi~~kmk` em fog~imekv o pbk

vigk vetk im` em pbk vigk em`{vpzu?


13/38


6- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk i vpzomh im` em`k~km`kmp empkzmil

i{èp `k~izpgkmp? Ev pbk empkzmil i{èp {mfpeom zkv~omvejlk

oz `kpkfpemh im` ~zkqkmpemh zi{`?

0- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk kkfpeqk zi{` boplemkv im`

xbevpkjloxkz ~zohzigv?

;- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk i ~olefu im` gkpboòlohu po

emqkvpehipk ~opkmpeil im` ifp{il off{zzkmfkv o zi{`?

1- @okv pbk fog~imu j{el` em kkfpeqk empkzmil fompzolv, v{fb

iv vkhzkhipeom o `{pekv, po pbk krpkmp ~zifpefijlk? @okv ep

pick opbkz gkiv{zkv po gepehipk pbk zevc o zi{`?

8- @okv pbk fog~imu zky{ezk gimìpozu qifipeom ~kzeo`v oz

doj zopipeom ivvehmgkmpv oz kg~loukkv em cku ~ovepeomv em

iffo{mpemh im` mimfk?2- @okv pbk fog~imu {vk i zehozo{v vuvpkg o ìpi imiluvev

im` fompem{o{v gomepozemh oz i{èpemh o epkgv v{fb iv xezk

pzimvkzv im` do{zmil kmpzekv po `kpkfp zi{`{lkmp ifpeqepu?

E pbk imvxkzv po imu o pbkvk y{kvpeomv izk mo, FJET fim

~zoqe`k i`qevozu vkzqefkv po bkl~ fog~imekv o imu vetk em imu

em`{vpzu po `kqklo~ gozk ~zoifpeqk impe'zi{` fompzolv-

Aoz Gozk Emozgipeom

Pbk olloxemh gipkzeilv izk zkkzkmfk` em pbev zk~ozp4


Azigkxozc, :>>0

mEmvpep{pk o Empkzmil I{èpozv im` I{èp Krkf{peqk Fkmpkz,

Cmoxlk`hk Ilkzp4 Kgkzhemh Pzkm`v em Azi{` Zevcv,

Dim{izu :>9>

mGklevvi Clkem Iy{eliz, Vgill Aelkzv Vpz{hhlk xepb Empkzmil

Fompzolv Oqkz Azi{`, Fog~leimfk Xkkc, Giu :>9>

mEmvpep{pk o Empkzmil I{èpozv "EEI%, Igkzefim Emvpep{pk

o FÎv "IEFÎ%, im` Ivvofeipeom o Fkzpek` Azi{`

Krigemkzv "IFAK%, Gimihemh pbk J{vemkvv Zevc o Azi{`4

I ^zifpefil H{e`k, :>>2

mIvvofeipeom o Fkzpek` Azi{` Krigemkzv "IFAK%, :>9>

Zk~ozp po pbk Mipeomv om Off{~ipeomil Azi{` im` Ij{vk


14/38


15/38


Govp j{vemkvv oxmkzv im` gimihkzv zkfohmetk pbip i

fog~imuv zk~{pipeom im` zklipeomvbe~v xepb f{vpogkzv im`

v{~~lekzv zimc behb om pbk levp o epv govp qil{ijlk ivvkpv- Po

~zkvkzqk pbk qil{k o pbkvk ivvkpv, j{vemkvv'viqqu gimihkzv

cmox pbku g{vp ho jkuom` pzièpeomil pkfbmey{kv oz gimihemh

zevcv ivvofeipk` xepb ~buvefil im` mimfeil ivvkpv- Pbk cku

ev po m` xiuv po ~zopkfp im` kmbimfk foz~ozipk zk~{pipeomv

im` opbkz empimhejlkv pbip giu mkqkz i~~kiz em i fog~imuv

mimfeil vpipkgkmpv- Pbev kr~im`k` of{v bkl~v fog~imekv

giregetk qil{k, im` ep ev jkfogemh emfzkivemhlu fzepefil oz

giempiememh im` eg~zoqemh fzkèp zipemhv- J{p ep ev mop kivu-

Pbk fbillkmhkv emfl{`k iì~pemh po pbk vpzomhkz lemcihk

jkpxkkm zevc gimihkgkmp im` fzkèp zipemhv, e`kmpeuemhvpzipkhef zevcv, im` kqil{ipemh pbk ~opkmpeil fomvky{kmfkv-

Pbk Lemcihk Jkpxkkm Zevcv im` Zipemhv

Iv ~izp o pbk zipemh ~zofkvv, Vpimìz` ! ôozv, Gooùv im`

opbkz zipemh ihkmfekv ippkg~p po e`kmpeu im` ivvkvv kifb

fog~imuv {m`kzluemh qil{k `zeqkzv, emfl{èmh pbk vpzkmhpb

o epv gimihkgkmp im` hoqkzmimfk ~zofkvvkv- Pbk fzkèp

im` mimfeil fzevkv o pbk lipk':>>>v i``k` eg~kp{v im`

{zhkmfu po pbkvk kozpv jkfi{vk pbkvk kqkmpv {klk` ~{jlef

vck~pefevg ijo{p pbk zipemhv ivvehmk` po i m{gjkz o behb

~zolk foz~ozipk `ki{lpv pbip xkzk ippzej{pk` po xkic zevc

gimihkgkmp- Zkifpeomv po pbk fzkèp fzevev emfl{`k` fzepefevgv

o jimcv jom{v ~limv oz kmfo{zihemh {m`{k zevc'picemh- Voom,

pbk fomfkzmv v~zki` po kmfog~ivv pbk zevc gimihkgkmp

pkfbmey{kv o fog~imekv em opbkz em`{vpzekv iv xkll-

Em :>>2, Vpimìz` ! ôozv "V!^% immo{mfk` epv ~limv po xe`km

pbk vfo~k o epv imiluvev o vogk mommimfeil fog~imekv

ju i~~luemh kmpkz~zevk zevc imiluvev po epv foz~ozipk zipemhv

o pbkvk fog~imekv- Iv ~izp o pbev kozp, V!^ emepeipk`

èvf{vveomv xepb gimihkgkmp om pbk olloxemh po~efv4

mGimihkgkmpv qekx o pbk govp fomvky{kmpeil zevcv

ifk` ju pbkez zgv, emfl{èmh pbk leckleboo` o pbk zevcv

im` pbk ~opkmpeil kkfp om fzkèp-

mPbk zky{kmfu xepb xbefb pbk po~ zevcv xkzk {~ìpk` im`

pbk mip{zk o pbk {~ìpkv-

mPbk ema{kmfk o zevc vkmvepeqepu om leijelepu gimihkgkmp

im` mimfemh `kfeveomv-

mPbk zolk o zevc gimihkgkmp em vpzipkhef `kfeveom'gicemh


16/38


Ill pbkvk gippkzv zkakfp i `kvezk po cmox gozk ijo{p pbk

zolk pbip zevc fomve`kzipeomv ~liu xbkm gicemh vpzipkhef

`kfeveomv- V!^v immo{mfkgkmpv im` izpeflkv om pbk v{jdkfp

emèfipk pbip pbk zipemh ihkmfu qekxv zevc gimihkgkmp

iv i cku fog~omkmp o i fog~imuv f{lp{zk- Jzoi`lu

`kmk`, f{lp{zk emfl{`kv gippkzv v{fb iv fogg{mefipeomv,

vpz{fp{zkv, emfkmpeqkv, im` zevc i~~kpepk- Pbk ihkmfu emy{ezkv

ijo{p pbkvk gippkzv po ojpiem i jkppkz ivvkvvgkmp o

gimihkgkmpv ijelepu po e`kmpeu, gomepoz im` gimihk cku

zevcv pbip izk km`kgef po pbk fog~imuv em`{vpzu im` pbip

gimihkzv klkfp po pick xbkm z{mmemh pbkez j{vemkvvkv-

Po iì~p po pbk vpzomhkz lemcihk jkpxkkm zevcv im` zipemhvim` po `kgomvpzipk pbk vo{m`mkvv o pbkez foz~ozipk

f{lp{zkv, fog~imekv mkk` po kvpijlevb zoj{vp zevc

gimihkgkmp ~zofkvvkv pbip fim kkfpeqklu e`kmpeu, kqil{ipk,

im` fogg{mefipk pbkez govp fomvky{kmpeil vpzipkhef zevcv-

E`kmpeuemh Vpzipkhef Zevcv

Pbk ~zofkvv o e`kmpeuemh pbk govp fomvky{kmpeil vpzipkhef

zevcv ev embkzkmplu èf{lp, im` poìuv qolipelk j{vemkvv

kmqezomgkmp i``v po pbk fog~lkrepekv emqolqk`- Po jkhem

pbk ~zofkvv, gimihkgkmp opkm vpizpv xepb i zevc emqkmpozu

oz zevc zkhevpkz, olloxk` ju im imiluvev o "i% pbk zklipeqkleckleboo` kifb zevc xell gipkzeiletk im` "j% pbk gihmep{`k

o pbk ~opkmpeil eg~ifp, e pbk zevc òkv gipkzeiletk, kepbkz

emèqe`{illu oz pohkpbkz xepb opbkz zevcv-

Pu~efillu, i fog~imuv zevc ifpozv emfl{`k jopb krpkzmil im`

empkzmil ifpozv-

mKrpkzmil ifpozv emfl{`k fbimhkv em pbk em`{vpzu,

kfomogu, fog~kpepozv, f{vpogkzv, im` lkhil oz zkh{lipozu

kmqezomgkmp, emfl{èmh flegipef zevcv im` zevcv o

pkzzozevg oz feqel {mzkvp-

mEmpkzmil ifpozv emfl{`k zevcv ivvofeipk` xepb pbk

hoqkzmimfk ~zofkvv {vk` po oqkzvkk zevcv, pbk lomh'

zimhk ~limmemh ~zofkvv, oz pbk jom{v ~limv im` opbkz

emfkmpeqkv {vk` po zkxiz` zevc'picemh-


17/38


Kqil{ipemh pbk Fomvky{kmfkv o Vpzipkhef Zevcv

Pbk kqil{ipeom im` hoqkzmimfk o vpzipkhef zevcv pu~efillu

emqolqkv i fog~izevom xepb pbk fog~imuv zevc i~~kpepk- Em

~{jleflu'oxmk` fog~imekv, pbk joiz` o èzkfpozv hkmkzillu

biv vogk zkv~omvejelepu oz bkl~emh kmv{zk pbip i fog~imuv

f{lp{zk ev ilehmk` xepb epv vpzipkhef ~lim im` pbk zevcv

pickm ò mop krfkk` pbk fog~imuv zevc i~~kpepk- Em ~zeqipk

fog~imekv im` mop'oz'~zop ozhimetipeomv, pbk zkv~omvejelepu

pu~efillu zkve`kv xepb pbk gimihkzv oz j{vemkvv oxmkzv-

Pbkvk emèqe`{ilv mkk` i~~zo~zeipk emozgipeom ijo{p

pbk ~opkmpeil vkqkzepu o pbk fomvky{kmfkv o zevcv- Pbev

emozgipeom fim jk ilehmk` xepb pbzkk pbzkvbol`v, fog~zevemhzevcv pbip gehbp zkv{lp em zk`{fk` fzkèp zipemhv, jzockm `kjp

foqkmimpv, im` kqkm jimcz{~pfu-

Pbk zevc pbzkvbol`v fim jk ozhimetk` em i bekzizfbu iv

ell{vpzipk` jklox-

Ilpbo{hb pbk ~zkfevk fomvky{kmfkv o kifb zevc giu jk

èf{lp po ~zkèfp, gimihkgkmp xell lecklu jk ijlk po gick i

jkvp'kozpv kvpegipk o pbk zevcv pbip fzovv pbkvk pbzkvbol`v-

Krig~lkv emfl{`k kqkmpv im` pzkm`v pbip gehbp legep i

fog~imuv ijelepu po iì~p po fbimhkv em pbk kfomogu, "v{fb iv

qolipelepu im` v~eckv em ~zefkv o foggoèpekv%, iv xkll iv pbovk

pbip ikfp epv ijelepu po {m` im` gimihk {p{zk hzoxpb, "v{fb

iv zkh{lipozu fbimhkv ikfpemh pbk li{mfbkv o mkx ~zo`{fpv,

kmpzu empo mkx gizckpv, oz mkhopeipeomv o gkzhkzv im`

ify{evepeomv%- Em fog~imekv xepb empkzmipeomil f{vpogkzv oz

v{~~lekzv, vpzipkhef zevcv gehbp ilvo emfl{`k ~opkmpeil

Zk`{fk` Fzkèp

Zipemh

Jzockm @kjpFoqkmimp

Jimcz{~pfu


18/38


èvz{~peomv em v{~~lu fbiemv oz èvpzej{peom fbimmklv `{k po

fipivpzo~bef kqkmpv, v{fb iv kizpby{ickv oz pv{migev- Em

vgillkz fog~imekv, pbk zevcv gehbp emfl{`k i lifc o

v{ffkvveom ~limmemh oz po~ gimihkgkmp-

Y{kvpeomv po Ivc Ijo{p Uo{z Kmpkz~zevk Zevc

Gimihkgkmp zohzig

Kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp "KZG% ev im kqolqemh joù

o cmoxlk`hk pbip bkl~v fog~imekv po i``zkvv i jzoi`

zimhk o zevcv, emfl{èmh vpzipkhef zevcv- Po kmv{zk kkfpeqk

kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp im` po ~zk~izk oz èvf{vveomv

xepb krpkzmil ~izpekv, v{fb iv zkh{lipozv, fzkèpozv, im` zipemhihkmfekv, fog~imekv giu m` pbk olloxemh vkl'ivvkvvgkmp

y{kvpeomv bkl~{l4

9- Ev uo{z fog~imu ~zk~izk` po zkv~om` po emy{ezekv zog

fzkèp zipemh ihkmfekv ijo{p epv zevc f{lp{zk, zevc i~~kpepk,

im` zevc gimihkgkmp ~zofkvvkv?

:- Biv gimihkgkmp gi`k i vuvpkgipef im` pbozo{hb vkizfb

oz zevcv pbip gehbp pzehhkz zk`{fpeomv em fzkèp zipemhv,

jzockm `kjp foqkmimpv im` kqkm jimcz{~pfu?

6- @okv uo{z zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig fomve`kz zevcv

zklipk` po kfomogef fomèpeomv "v{fb iv ~zefk goqkgkmpv

oz fi~epil iqielijelepu% pbip gehbp ikfp pbk fovp o fi~epilim` pbkzkju zkv{lp em emfzkivk` fog~kpepeom?

0- @okv uo{z zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig fomve`kz zevcv

zklipk` po pbk mip{zil kmqezomgkmp "v{fb iv aoo`v, zk,

oz kizpby{ickv% pbip gehbp zkv{lp em ìgihk po ~limp oz

j{elèmhv, zkvpzefpk` iffkvv po zix gipkzeilv, oz lovv o

b{gim fi~epil?

;- @okv uo{z zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig fomve`kz zevcv

zklipk` po ~olepefil ifpozv "v{fb iv klkfpeom o hoqkzmgkmp

ofeilv xepb mkx ~olepefil ihkmìv oz mkx lixv im`

zkh{lipeomv% pbip gehbp ikfp iffkvv po ozkehm gizckpv oz

zkv{lp em behbkz oz loxkz pirkv?

1- @okv uo{z zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig pick empo iffo{mp

zevcv zklipk` po pbk vofeil kmqezomgkmp "v{fb iv fbimhemh

`kgohzi~befv, xozc/lek ~zeozepekv, oz pkzzozevg ifpeqepu%

pbip gehbp zkv{lp em fbimhemh `kgim` oz ~zo`{fpv im`

vkzqefkv, mkx j{uemh qkm{kv, b{gim zkvo{zfk evv{kv, oz

~zo`{fpeom vpo~~ihkv?


19/38


8- @okv uo{z zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig pick empo iffo{mp

zevcv zklipk` po pkfbmolohefil ifpozv "v{fb iv mkx gkimv

o klkfpzomef foggkzfk% pbip gehbp zkv{lp em fbimhkv em

pbk iqielijelepu o ìpi, emzivpz{fp{zk fovpv, oz emfzkivk`

`kgim` oz pkfbmolohu'jivk` vkzqefkv?

Aoz Gozk Emozgipeom


mVpimìz` ! ôozv, Zipemhv @ezkfp, Kmpkz~zevk Zevc

Gimihkgkmp4 Vpimìz` ! ôozv Po I~~lu Kmpkz~zevk Zevc

Imiluvev po Foz~ozipk Zipemhv mVpimìz` ! ôozv, Giu 8, :>>2 im` Fzkèp AIY4

Vpimìz` ! ôozv Loocv A{zpbkz empo Box Mommimfeil

Fog~imekv Gimihk Zevc, D{mk :0, :>9>


20/38


EMAOZGIPEOM PKFBMOLOHU IM@ HZOXPB


21/38


Omk o pbk govp ì{mpemh fbillkmhkv em poìuv j{vemkvv

kmqezomgkmp ev po ~zopkfp qil{ijlk ìpi zog i bovp o pbzkipv

emfl{èmh qkmòz, vkf{zepu, im` ~zeqifu zevcv- Pbev izki o

kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp "KZG% ev kv~kfeillu èf{lp heqkm

pbk ~ifk o fbimhk em pkfbmolohu poìu- Kifb mkx ìu vkkgv

po jzemh mkx j{vemkvv go`klv im` mkx xiuv oz f{vpogkzv

po fomv{gk hoo`v im` vkzqefkv- EP ~zokvveomilv g{vp vpiu

om pbk lkièmh k`hk o fbimhk po ~zopkfp ~zo~zekpizu ìpi im`

~zkvkzqk pbk ~zeqifu o pbk fog~imuv f{vpogkz jivk iv i

o{mìpeom oz {p{zk hzoxpb- Kkfpeqk oqkzvehbp ju j{vemkvv

oxmkzv im` joiz`v o èzkfpozv ev ky{illu eg~ozpimp im` kqkzu

jep iv fzepefil- J{p jopb pbk mkfkvvizu vcellv im` pbk oqkzvehbp

biqk hzoxm emfzkivemhlu fog~lefipk` im` pegk'fomv{gemh emzkfkmp ukizv, fzkipemh mkx fbillkmhkv oz jopb EP ~zokvveomilv

im` joiz`v-

Mkx Pkfbmolohekv im` Jzoi`kz Eg~ifpv

Pbk empzo`{fpeom o flo{` fog~{pemh im` xezklkvv `kqefkv

oz kqkz gozk gojelk xozcozfkv biv emfzkivk` pbk ~opkmpeil

oz vkmvepeqk emozgipeom po gehzipk zog li~po~v, po im kqkm

zevcekz jivk o e'~bomkv, i~~lefipeomv, im` vofeil gkèi

mkpxozcv- I`èpeomillu, ip pbk vigk pegk pbip pkfbmolohu ev

fbimhemh, i m{gjkz o opbkz ifpozv izk empkmveuemh pbk zevcv

zklipk` po pbk {vihk o pbk pkfbmolohu, jopb xepbem im` o{pve`k

pbk fog~imu- Krig~lkv4

mPbk goqkgkmpv poxiz` vbizk` vkzqefkv, ilomh xepb pbk

hzoxemh iffk~pimfk o flo{` fog~{pemh im` o{pvo{zfemh

o EP `k~izpgkmpv biqk empzo`{fk` mkx zevcv- Pbkvk

ozgv o fkmpziletipeom opkm i`` fovp kfekmfekv ip

pbk kr~kmvk o pzièpeomil fompzolv "v{fb iv omvepk

emv~kfpeomv o vkhzkhipeom o `{pekv ju gimihkgkmp oz

empkzmil i{èpozv%-

mGilefeo{v ìgihkv biqk kvfilipk` zog igipk{zevb

bifcemh ~zimcv po pbzkipv o gozk vo~bevpefipk` ozgv

o fujkzpkzzozevg emqolqemh ~olepefillu'gopeqipk` ifpv o

`klejkzipk, lizhk'vfilk evz{~peom o fog~{pkz mkpxozcv po

{zpbkz e`kolohefil ihkmìv-

mI vkzekv o {m~zkfk`kmpk` kqkmpv, zimhemh zog

b{zzefimkv, kizpby{ickv, im` opbkz mip{zil èvivpkzv po

givveqk oel v~ellv im` pbk j{zvpemh o pbk bo{vemh j{jjlk

ill {m`kzvfozk pbk eg~ozpimfk o èvivpkz zkfoqkzu

~limv im` jifc{~ ifelepekv-


22/38


mPbk mkk` oz v~kfeiletk` pkfbmefil cmoxlk`hk biv

fog~lefipk` gimihkgkmpv ijelepu po zkfz{ep, zkpiem im`

~zogopk epv emozgipeom pkfbmolohu xozcozfk-

mPzkm`v v{fb iv vofeil mkpxozcemh im` fbimhemh lixv im`

zkh{lipeomv hoqkzmemh gippkzv, v{fb iv empkzmkp {vihk

im` ~zeqifu zehbpv, giu zky{ezk fompzolv pbip izk èf{lp

po kmozfk iv pbk zkv~omvejelepu oz emozgipeom vkf{zepu ev

vbepemh ixiu zog vgill bim`{lv o EP kr~kzpv im` empo

pbk bim`v o i xe`k hzo{~ o emèqe`{il {vkzv xbo giu

mop vbizk pbk vigk ixizkmkvv o pbk mkk` oz vkf{zepu-

Ill pbkvk pzkm`v, emèqe`{illu im` fogjemk`, izk i`èmh po pbk

fog~lkrepekv im` fbillkmhkv o EP hoqkzmimfk-Pxo o pbk govp èf{lp fbillkmhkv emqolqk e`kmpeuemh

pbk ivvkpv ip zevc im` kvpijlevbemh kkfpeqk ~olefekv im`

zkv~omvejelepekv oz oqkzvehbp o EP zevcv-

E`kmpeuemh pbk Ivvkpv ip Zevc

Po f{p pbzo{hb pbk fog~lkrepekv im` kmv{zk pbip pbkez

fog~imekv izk of{vemh om pbk zehbp zevcv ip pbk zehbp pegk,

gimihkzv im` èzkfpozv izk {vemh KZG pkfbmey{kv pbip

fkmpkz izo{m` pbk fomfk~p o ivvkpv ip zevc- Pbk {m`kzluemh

ivvkpv pu~efillu emfl{`k ~zo~zekpizu ìpi im` opbkz biz`'po'

qil{k empimhejlkv pbip giu mop i~~kiz om foz~ozipk jilimfk

vbkkpv- Pbk lemcihk ev `kgomvpzipk` em i vkzekv o y{kvpeomv

pbip xkzk v{ggizetk` em i :>>; zk~ozp ju pbk Emvpep{pk o

Empkzmil I{èpozv im` emfl{`k pbk olloxemh4

mZevc e`kmpefipeom

Xbip izk pbk ivvkpv ip zevc im` pbk qil{k o pbkezfom`kmpeilepu, empkhzepu, im` iqielijelepu?

Xbip fo{l` bi~~km po ikfp pbip emozgipeom ivvkpqil{k i`qkzvklu?

E i pbzkip kqkz bi~~kmk`, box ji` fo{l` epveg~ifp jk?

Box opkm gehbp pbk kqkmp jk kr~kfpk` po off{z? Box fkzpiem izk pbk imvxkzv po pbk zvp o{zy{kvpeomv?

mZevc gepehipeom

Xbip fim jk òmk po zk`{fk pbk zevc? Box g{fb xell ep fovp? Ev ep fovp kfekmp?


23/38


Oqkzvehbp o EP Zevcv

Jkfi{vk èkzkmp izkiv o emozgipeom pkfbmolohu fim ~{p pbk

vigk ivvkpv ip zevc, pbk zkv~omvejelepekv oz oqkzvehbp o EP

zevcv fim ~zkvkmp ozhimetipeomil fbillkmhkv pbip fog~o{m` pbk

embkzkmp fog~lkrepekv- Gozk pbim kqkz jkozk, kkfpeqk oqkzvehbp

zky{ezkv hoo` foozèmipeom o em~{p zog pkfbmefil kr~kzpv,

gimihkgkmp, èzkfpozv, im` opbkzv- Em kkfp, pbk liukzv o

oqkzvehbp izk leck fomfkmpzef fezflkv oz èkzkmp pu~kv o zevcv-

Em ~{jleflu'oxmk` fog~imekv, pbk joiz` o èzkfpozv xell

pu~efillu oqkzvkk pbk vpzipkhef pbzkipv pbip fim ~{p pbk kmpezk

fog~imu ip zevc, "k-h-, im kmqezomgkmpil èvivpkz pbip gehbp

`kvpzou kvvkmpeil vuvpkgv im` ìpi%- Pbk joiz` giu ilvo

oqkzvkk pbk pbzkipv pbip ~{p i j{vemkvv {mepv f{vpogkz jivk

im` opbkz ivvkpv ip zevc, "k-h-, vkzeo{v f{vpogkz vkzqefk

evv{kv emqolqemh pkfbmolohu%- Im`, `k~kmèmh om pbk qil{k o

pbk ivvkpv ip zevc, joiz`v giu ilvo oqkzvkk ìpi empkhzepu

im` vkf{zepu zevcv, "k-h-, xbkm i lifc o i{pbozetipeom fompzolv

ev vo vkzeo{v iv po fog~zogevk pbk empkhzepu o i fog~imuv

mimfeil zk~ozpemh vuvpkg%- Po ckk~ joiz`v of{vk` om pbk

jeh ~efp{zk evv{kv, krpkzmil i{èpozv im` zevc i`qevozv giu

jk fillk` {~om po ~zoqe`k fkzpiem pu~kv o ivv{zimfk im`

ifelepipk fogg{mefipeomv om pbk pkfbmefil evv{kv emqolqk`- Em

~zeqipklu'oxmk` im` vgillkz fog~imekv, pbk zkv~omvejelepu oz

oqkzvehbp o EP hoqkzmimfk pu~efillu zkve`kv xepb pbk j{vemkvv

oxmkzv im` gimihkgkmp pkigv-

Vpzipkhef zevcv

Kmqezomgkmpil evivpkzv

V{jvpimìz` o{pvo{zfemh

[mv{vpiemijlk vuvpkgv

J{vemkvv zevcv

F{vpogkz vkzqefk evv{kv

Voapxizk ~ezifu

Fzkèp fiz` azi{`

J{vemkvv empkzz{~peom

! fompem{epu

@ipi empkhzepu

im` vkf{zepu

I{pbozetipeom fompzolv

Zkpkmpeom oa ìpi

buvefil vkf{zepu


24/38


Aoz Gozk Emozgipeom


mEmvpep{pk o Empkzmil I{èpozv, Hlojil Pkfbmolohu I{èp

H{e`k, Emozgipeom Pkfbmolohu Fompzolv, :>>;

Y{kvpeomv po Ivc Ijo{p EP Zevc Gimihkgkmp

Uo{ giu m` pbk olloxemh y{kvpeomv bkl~{l em `kpkzgememh

box xkll uo{z EP zevc gimihkgkmp ~zofkvvkv vpifc {~ xepb

opbkz fog~imekv im` xbip i`èpeomil vpk~v izk mkk`k`4

9- Izk joiz` gkgjkzv oz j{vemkvv oxmkzv i`ky{ipklu

emozgk` o pbk ivvkpv ip zevc?

:- Izk qil{ipeomv o o'jilimfk vbkkp empimhejlk ivvkpv

v{fekmplu iff{zipk im` fovp'kkfpeqk?

6- Izk gimihkgkmp im` joiz`v i~~zo~zeipklu emozgk` o EP

fompzol xkicmkvvkv im` iel{zkv?

0- @o ill kg~loukkv im` fompzifpozv {m`kzvpim` pbkez

zkv~omvejelepekv oz ìpi vkf{zepu?

;- Izk ìpi vkf{zepu fompzolv kqil{ipk` oz kkfpv om km`'

{vkzv, emfl{èmh f{vpogkzv im` j{vemkvv ~izpmkzv?

1- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk im i~~zo~zeipk èvivpkz zkfoqkzu

~lim im` j{vemkvv fompem{epu ~lim?8- Izk ~limv im` ~olefekv zkqekxk` ~kzeoèfillu po kmv{zk

i~~lefijelepu po mkx pkfbmolohekv?

2- Izk zkfz{epgkmp, zkpkmpeom im` kqklo~gkmp ~limv

kkfpeqk em kmv{zemh {~'po'ìpk pkfbmefil vcellv?

5- Izk uo{ v{zk uo{z fog~imu biv pickm i`ky{ipk vpk~v po

kmv{zk epv fog~leimfk xepb ill pbk lixv im` zkh{lipeomv

pbip i~~lu po emozgipeom pkfbmolohu?

9>- @okv gimihkgkmp gomepoz ~zo~ovk` lixv im`

zkh{lipeomv po kmv{zk uo{z fog~imu ev {llu ~zk~izk` po

fog~lu xepb pbkg?

E pbk imvxkzv po imu o pbkvk y{kvpeomv izk mo, FJET

fim ~zoqe`k ivv{zimfk im` fomv{lpemh vkzqefkv po bkl~ uo{

eg~zoqk uo{z fog~imuv EP zevc gimihkgkmp-


25/38


FOG^LEIMFK IM@ AEMIMFEIL ZK^OZPEMH


26/38


Pbzo{hbo{p pbk :>>>v, lkhevlipozv im` zkh{lipozv {mlkivbk`

i peìl xiqk o mkx lixv im` zkh{lipeomv im` vpk~~k` {~

kmozfkgkmp ifpeomv po jkppkz ~zopkfp emqkvpozv, f{vpogkzv,

im` kg~loukkv zog {mkr~kfpk` dolpv `{k po zevcv pbip xkzk

mop ozkvkkm oz gepehipk`- Ip pbk vigk pegk, iffo{mpemh

vpimìz`'vkppkzv vpk~~k` {~ kozpv po fomqkzhk [V hkmkzillu

iffk~pk` iffo{mpemh ~zemfe~lkv "[V HII^% xepb Empkzmipeomil

Aemimfeil Zk~ozpemh Vpimìz`v "EAZV%- Pbk fogjemipeom o

pbkvk kozpv lkp [V'jivk` fog~imekv `kilemh xepb vehmefimp

{mfkzpiempekv em fog~leimfk im` zk~ozpemh ip pbk vigk pegk

pbku xkzk `kilemh xepb {m~zkfk`kmpk` {mfkzpiempekv em pbk

kfomogu- Pohkpbkz, pbkvk ifpozv jopb bkl~k` im` bem`kzk`

pbk do{zmku poxiz` jkppkz kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp"KZG%- Gimu fog~imekv zkfohmetk` pbk mkk` oz jkppkz

zevc gimihkgkmp j{p bi` legepk` zkvo{zfkv po iò~p im`

eg~lkgkmp zoj{vp KZG vuvpkgv-

Fbimhemh Lixv im` Iffo{mpemh Vpimìz`v

Vogk o pbk govp vehmefimp fbimhkv em lixv, z{lkv,

zkh{lipeomv im` iffo{mpemh fbimhkv ikfpemh fog~imekv

poìu emfl{`k pbk olloxemh4

mGidoz lkhevlipeom xiv kmifpk` em pbk [V em zkv~omvk po

mimfeil zk~ozpemh im` fzkèp fzevkv, emfl{èmh pbk Vizjimkv'

Orlku Ifp o :>>: im` pbk @o``'Azimc Xill Vpzkkp Zkozg

im` Fomv{gkz ^zopkfpeom Ifp o :>9>- Pbk Vizjimkv'

Orlku Ifp empzo`{fk` empkzmil fompzol zk~ozpemh im` i{èpoz

ippkvpipeom zky{ezkgkmpv oz ill ~{jlef fog~imekv, j{p

vgillkz fog~imekv xkzk lipkz krkg~pk` zog pbk ippkvpipeom

zky{ezkgkmpv- Pbk @o``'Azimc Ifp empzo`{fk` vxkk~emh

zkozgv oz pbk mimfeil vkfpoz iv xkll iv hoqkzmimfk

zkozgv pbip ikfp ill vkfpozv- Pbk fbimhkv emfl{`k i

vehmefimp kr~imveom o pbk VKFv ~oxkzv po fog~kmvipk

xbevplk'jloxkzv im` hzkipkz vbizkbol`kz zehbpv, emfl{èmh

qopkv om krkf{peqk fog~kmvipeom-

mZkfkmp [V iffo{mpemh vpimìz`v im` VKF z{lkv biqk

kvpijlevbk` i`èpeomil zky{ezkgkmpv oz èvflov{zkv ijo{p

zevcv, im` pbk [V Aemimfeil Iffo{mpemh Vpimìz`v Joiz`

"AIVJ% ev fomve`kzemh vxkk~emh fbimhkv em iffo{mpemh

im` mimfeil zk~ozpemh- Pbk AIVJ biv zklkivk` i m{gjkz

o kr~ov{zk `zipv `kvehmk` po fomqkzhk [V HII^ xepb

EAZV- Pbkvk ~zo~ovilv xo{l` gick vehmefimp fbimhkv

po [V HII - [mfkzpiempekv zkgiem zkhizèmh pbk mil


27/38


vpimìz`v im` kkfpeqk ìpkv, iv xkll iv xbkm pbk VKF

gehbp zky{ezk oz ~kzgep [V evv{kzv po {vk EAZV em pbkez

VKF lemhv- Pbk AIVJ ev ilvo fomve`kzemh i ~zo~ovil oz

i vk~izipk [V ~zeqipk fog~imu iffo{mpemh vpimìz`v'

vkppemh joiz`-

mVogk iffo{mpemh fbimhkv emepeipk` em pbk ge`' po

lipk' :>>>v biqk bi` i `kliuk` eg~ifp- Aoz krig~lk,

pbk AIVJ gi`k vehmefimp fbimhkv po pbk iffo{mpemh

oz j{vemkvv fogjemipeomv {m`kz [V HII^ em pbk lipk

:>>>v, j{p fog~imekv bi` zklipeqklu kx offiveomv po

eg~lkgkmp pbkvk fbimhkv {mpel pbk ~ifk o ifpeqepu em

gkzhkzv im` ify{evepeomv "G!I% ~efck` {~ em :>99-

mGimu o pbk mkx lixv im` z{lkv biqk vehmefimp pireg~lefipeomv- Govp mopijlu, fbimhkv em [V pir lixv biqk

~lifk` i``k` kg~bivev om pbk zk~ozpemh o {mfkzpiem

pir ~ovepeomv oz jopb iffo{mpemh im` pir ~{z~ovkv "EZV

Vfbk`{lk [P^%, im` pbk [V ev fomve`kzemh gidoz pir

zkozg oz j{vemkvvkv oz pbk zvp pegk em `kfi`kv em

im kozp po loxkz pbk vpip{pozu zipk im` zk`{fk j{`hkp

`kfepv-

Gozk Hzku Izkiv im` pbk Mkk` oz Hzkipkz D{`hgkmp

Iv i zkv{lp o pbk emfzkivk` qol{gk o mkx lixv im`

iffo{mpemh vpimìz`v, fog~imekv g{vp `kqopk gozkzkvo{zfkv po gomepozemh im` {m`kzvpimèmh pbk fbimhemh

zky{ezkgkmpv- Ip pegkv, pbk eg~lefipeomv fim jk èf{lp po

èvfkzm, im` fog~imekv fim m` pbkgvklqkv em {mfbizpk`

pkzzepozekv oz hzku izkiv pbip zky{ezk fomve`kzijlk d{`hgkmp

im` i`` po pbk zevcv zklipk` po fog~leimfk im` mimfeil

zk~ozpemh- Bkzk izk i kx krig~lkv4

mEAZV- Fbimhkv em [V iffo{mpemh vpimìz`v po ifbekqk

fomqkzhkmfk xepb EAZV fim biqk jzoi` j{vemkvv

eg~lefipeomv pbip krpkm` iz jkuom` pbk iffo{mpemh

`k~izpgkmp, im` i lifc o empkz~zkpeqk h{eìmfk giu biqk

{mempkm`k` fomvky{kmfkv, v{fb iv i lifc o fog~izijelepu

igomh mimfeil vpipkgkmpv oz gevfogg{mefipeomv xepb

emqkvpozv iff{vpogk` po [V HII -

mPirkv- Vfbk`{lk [P , xbefb ev kkfpeqk em :>99,

empzo`{fkv i``k` pir zevcv jkfi{vk {mfkzpiem pir

~ovepeomv giu mkk` po jk zk~ozpk` po pbk EZV jkozk

pbku izk zkvolqk`- Ip pbk vigk pegk, fog~imekv giu


28/38


ifk opbkz mkx pir zevcv iv pbk Ojigi I`gemevpzipeom ev

fomve`kzemh i givveqk pir oqkzbi{l pbip giu empzo`{fk

ukp gozk zevcv im` {mfkzpiempekv `{zemh pbk lkhevlipeqk

im` z{lk'gicemh ~zofkvv-

mG!I- Iffo{mpemh fbimhkv kkfpeqk em :>>5 gick ep

gozk èf{lp oz gimihkgkmp po ~zkèfp pbk kizmemhv

eg~ifp zog ~opkmpeil ify{evepeomv, im` pbev emfzkivkv

pbk zevcv pbip giu iffog~imu G!I xepbo{p emfzkivk`

`{k èlehkmfk im` kr~kzp h{eìmfk em v{fb izkiv iv

qil{ipeomv im` ify{evepeom iffo{mpemh-

mAzi{`{lkmpmimfeilzk~ozpemh- Pbk VKFv kr~im`k`

~oxkzv po fog~kmvipk xbevplk'jloxkzv fo{l` ikfp

foz~ozipk boplemkv em ~{jlef fog~imekv- F{zzkmplu, pbkvkboplemkv izk qekxk` iv im eg~ozpimp xiu po `kpkfp

zi{`- Vogk biqk kr~zkvvk` fomfkzmv ijo{p i zevc pbip

kg~loukkv xell zk~ozp zi{` po pbk VKF xepbo{p zk~oz pemh

ep po pbk fog~imu zvp-

m@ipivkf{zepu- Pbk Ak`kzil Pzi`k Foggevveom ~limv po

vpizp kmozfemh pbk Zk` Alihv Z{lk em :>99- Xepb legepk`

krfk~peomv, "k-h-, oz lix im` iffo{mpemh zgv%, pbev z{lk

i~~lekv po ill fog~imekv pbip okz hoo`v oz vkzqefkv im`

illox f{vpogkzv po ~iu lipkz- [m`kz pbk z{lk, fog~imekv

g{vp pick vpk~v po `kpkfp e`kmpepu pbkp, emfl{èmh xzeppkm

~zohzigv oz iffo{mpv pbip ~zkvkmp i zkivomijlu

ozkvkkijlk zevc zog e`kmpepu pbkp- Pbev vpimìz` zievkvevv{kv emqolqemh v{jdkfpeqk empkz~zkpipeom-

mVofeilmkpxozcv- [V lixv im` kmozfkgkmp ifpeomv

ijo{p vofeil mkpxozcv zievk lkhil y{kvpeomv mop ukp

i``zkvvk` ju pbk fo{zpv, xepb pbk zkv{lp pbip fog~imekv

giu mkk` po xilc i mk lemk jkpxkkm fog~leimfk im`

~zopkfpemh pbkez zk~{pipeomv- Aoz krig~lk, kmozfkgkmp

ifpeomv ju pbk Mipeomil Lijoz Zkqekx Joiz` emèfipk

fog~imu ~olefekv oz xozc~lifk {vk o vofeil mkpxozcemh

im` zklipk` èvfe~lemizu ifpeomv oz qeolipeomv o pbk

~olefu giu jk qekxk` iv qeolipemh k`kzil lijoz lixv-

Oqkzvehbp Fbillkmhkv

Pbk fbillkmhkv o oqkzvkkemh fog~leimfk xepb vpimìz`v,

z{lkv, im` zkh{lipeomv izk fog~o{m`k` ju p{zj{lkmp kfomogef

pegkv- Vp{èkv vbox pbip pbk zevcv o zi{` go{mp xbkm pbkzk


29/38


izk ~zkvv{zkv po hzox pbk j{vemkvv oz xbkm fovp'f{ppemh

fog~zogevkv empkzmil fompzolv- Aoz krig~lk, i zkfkmp FOVO

vp{ù o{m` pbip4

mGovp fivkv o zi{`{lkmp mimfeil zk~ozpemh `{zemh pbk

:>>>v off{zzk` xbkm fog~imekv xkzk kr~kzekmfemh

mkp lovvkv oz xkzk em flovk po jzkic'kqkm ~ovepeomv em

~kzeo`v jkozk pbk zi{`-

mPbk govp foggom gopeqipeomv oz zi{`v igomh

~{jlef fog~imekv emfl{`k` pbk mkk` po gkkp kizmemhv

kr~kfpipeomv, iv xkll iv ippkg~pv po fomfkil pbk

fog~imuv `kpkzeozipemh mimfeil fomèpeom, emfzkivk pbk

vpofc ~zefk, jolvpkz mimfeil ~kzozgimfk oz ~kmèmhky{epu oz `kjp mimfemh, oz emfzkivk gimihkgkmp

fog~kmvipeom jivk` om mimfeil zkv{lpv-

Pbk FOVO zk~ozp fomfl{`k` pbip i`èpeomil vck~pefevg

ev mkk`k` ip pegkv xbkm pbkzk izk emfzkivk` ~zkvv{zkv

oz zi{`- Pbkvk mèmhv zkemozfk pbk mkk` oz pbozo{hb

em`k~km`kmp i{èpv im` fimè` èvf{vveom xepb i{èpozv o

imu ojvkzqipeomv im` zkfoggkmìpeomv-

Aemimfeil Zkv{lpv im` Leckleboo` o Azi{`{lkmp Zk~ozpemh

1

;

0

6

:

9

>

:>>: :>>; :>>2 :>99

Leckleboo` o gkkpemh `kjp foqkmimp

Vpofc gizckp ~zefk

Mkp emfogk

Leckleboo o zi{`{lkmp amimfeil zk~ozpemh


30/38


Pbk ~zov~kfpv oz fomqkzhkmfk xepb EAZV giu fog~o{m`

pbk fbillkmhkv pbip lek ibki`, Jkfi{vk EAZV izk hkmkzillu

qekxk` iv ~zemfe~lkv'jivk` im` lkvv z{lk'empkmveqk pbim

[V HII , vogk jklekqk pbk i``k` akrejelepu ioz`k` ju EAZV

giu fompzej{pk po i behbkz leckleboo` o zi{`{lkmp mimfeil

zk~ozpemh im` pbk mkk` oz kqkm gozk d{`hgkmp ju ~zk~izkzv

im` hzkipkz vck~pefevg ju em`k~km`kmp i{èpozv- Pbk VKF

biv ihzkk` po fom`{fp i pbozo{hb vp{ù o pbk eg~lefipeomv

jkozk gicemh imu mil `kfeveomv zkhizèmh {vk o EAZV

ju [V evv{kzv- I{èp foggeppkkv im` opbkzv fbizhk` xepb

hoqkzmimfk xell mkk` po gomepoz pbev izki flovklu po e`kmpeu,

gomepoz im` gepehipk pbk zevcv emqolqk`-

I`èpeomil emozgipeom ijo{p pbk FOVO vp{ù ev iqielijlk em

pbk olloxemh zk~ozp4

mFOVO, Azi{`{lkmp Aemimfeil Zk~ozpemh4 9552':>>8,

Im Imiluvev o [-V- ^{jlef Fog~imekv, Giu :>9>

"iqielijlk ip bpp~4//xxx-fovo-ozh/òf{gkmpv/

FOVOAZI[@VP[@U:>9>_>>9-~`%

Y{kvpeomv po Ivc Ijo{p Fog~leimfk im`

Aemimfeil Zk~ozpemh

Pbk olloxemh y{kvpeomv giu jk bkl~{l em `kpkzgememh boxxkll uo{z fog~imu ev fogemh po hze~v xepb zevcv zklipk` po

fog~leimfk im` mimfeil zk~ozpemh-

9- Biv pbk fog~imu kqil{ipk` pbk eg~ifp o fomqkzhkmfk

xepb EAZV om epv empkzmil fompzol vuvpkgv im` mimfeil

vpipkgkmpv?

:- Ev pbk fog~imu gomepozemh zky{ezkgkmpv im` jkvp

~zifpefkv oz èvflov{zkv ijo{p zevcv, jopb em pbk mopkv po

pbk mimfeil vpipkgkmpv im` em opbkz ~lifkv, emfl{èmh pbk

G@!I vkfpeomv o imm{il zk~ozpv, e i~~lefijlk?

6- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk i xbevplkjloxkz ~zohzig v{jdkfp

po oqkzvehbp ju pbk i{èp foggeppkk "oz opbkzv fbizhk` xepb

hoqkzmimfk%?

0- Biv pbk i{èp foggeppkk "oz opbkzv fbizhk` xepb

hoqkzmimfk% i~~zoqk` y{impek` zevc polkzimfkv, xbkzk

i~~zo~zeipk?


31/38


;- @okv pbk i{èp foggeppkk "oz opbkzv fbizhk` xepb

hoqkzmimfk% ~zojk pbk lkqkl o zevc oz {mfkzpiempu em fzepefil

iffo{mpemh kvpegipkv im` èvf{vv pbk kvpegipkv xepb pbk

krpkzmil i{èpoz?

1- Ev pbk fog~imuv zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig empkhzipk` xepb

epv empkzmil im` krpkzmil i{èpv?

8- Biqk i~~zo~zeipk lkhil im` zevc kr~kzpv jkkm fomv{lpk` po

kmv{zk pbip ill qeijlk zevc o~peomv biqk jkkm e`kmpek` im`

izk i~~zo~zeipklu {m`kzvpoo`?

2- @okv pbk fog~imu biqk zevc ~kzozgimfk gkiv{zkv po vkk

box xkll ep ev gimihemh epv zevcv?

5- @okv pbk fog~imu gomepoz mkx lixv, z{lkv, zkh{lipeomv

im` iffo{mpemh fbimhkv zkh{lizlu im` {~ìpk epv zevcivvkvvgkmpv po kmv{zk pbku zkgiem f{zzkmp?


32/38


KGKZHEMH ZEVCV IM@ CKU ZEVC EM@EFIPOZV


33/38


[lpegipklu, pbk hoil o imu zevc gimihkgkmp ~zohzig ev po

kmijlk gimihkgkmp po pick ifpeom em pegk po gepehipk pbk

zevcv im` iqoe` bizg po pbk fog~imuv zk~{pipeom, ivvkpv, im`

qil{k- Ukp gimu fog~imekv vkkg po jk vpz{hhlemh xepb pbk

e`kmpefipeom im` zk~ozpemh ~bivkv, lkiqemh j{vemkvv oxmkzv

im` joiz`v o èzkfpozv èvvipevk` xepb pbk zkv{lpv- Foggom

z{vpzipeomv emfl{`k pbk pegk im` fovp zky{ezkgkmpv, iv xkll

iv pbk `khzkk o èf{lpu emqolqk` em ihhzkhipemh zevcv po

fogk {~ xepb vogk vozp o joppog lemk emèfipoz pbip ev bkl~{

po joiz`v- Pbzo{hb i vkzekv o v{zqkuv im` xbepk ~i~kzv,

pbk Foggeppkk o V~omvozemh Ozhimetipeomv o pbk Pzki`xiu

Foggevveom "FOVO% im` opbkz hzo{~v izk i`qofipemh i

m{gjkz o vpk~v po bkl~ oqkzfogk pbkvk z{vpzipeomv im` pickkmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp "KZG% po pbk mkrp lkqkl-

Zevc Zk~ozpemh4 Izkiv oz Eg~zoqkgkmp

Zkfkmp v{zqkuv biqk bomk` em om pbk v~kfef izkiv o

eg~zoqkgkmp pbip izk o pbk govp empkzkvp po foz~ozipk joiz`v

o èzkfpozv- Govp mopijlu, joiz`v ximp zkh{liz im` zoj{vp

vuvpkgv o zk~ozpemh zevcv im` pbku ximp gimihkzv po jkfogk

gozk emqolqk` em kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp ~zofkvvkv

pbip foqkz pbk kmpezk fog~imu, mop d{vp vklkfpk` j{vemkvv

o~kzipeomv- Bkzk izk i kx krig~lkv o zkfkmp mèmhv pbip

zkakfp pbkvk ximpv im` mkk`v4

mFOVO v~omvozk` i v{zqku o FAOv em pbk IEFÎv

j{vemkvv im` em`{vpzu hzo{~ em :>>2- Pbk v{zqku o{m`

pbip joiz`v o èzkfpozv xkzk ivcemh vkmeoz krkf{peqkv po

emfzkivk pbkez emqolqkgkmp em zevc oqkzvehbp em ilgovp bil

pbk ozhimetipeomv zk~zkvkmpk`-

mPbk vp{ù o pbk IEFÎ hzo{~ ilvo o{m` pbkzk xiv mo

ozgil kmpkz~zevk'xe`k zevc gimihkgkmp ~zofkvv em ~lifk

ip i vehmefimp gemozepu "00+% o pbk fog~imekv v{zqkuk`

im` {llu 8;+ o pbk fog~imekv v{zqkuk` vie` pbip cku

zevcv xkzk fogg{mefipk` omlu om im i` bof jivev ip

gimihkgkmp gkkpemhv-

mI gozk zkfkmp FOVO vp{ù zklkivk` em :>9> o{m` pbip

qkzu kx fog~imekv ":2+% `kvfzejk pbkez KZG vuvpkgv

iv vuvpkgipef, zoj{vp im` zk~kipijlk, xbelk {llu 1>+

o pbk fog~imekv v{zqkuk` `kvfzejk` pbkez zevc picemh

iv govplu emozgil oz pzifck` omlu xepbem emèqe`{il velov

zipbkz pbim kmpkz~zevk'xe`k-


34/38


mPbk gidozepu "ilgovp pxo'pbez`v% o pbk fog~imekv em pbk

:>9> v{zqku viu pbku zk~ozp po~ zevc kr~ov{zkv po pbk

joiz` om i zkh{lizlu'vfbk`{lk` jivev- Boxkqkz, pbk ozg

o oqkzvehbp i~~kizv po jk fiv{il im` {mvpz{fp{zk`-

Fbillkmhkv4 Kgkzhemh Zevcv im` Gkiv{zkgkmpv o Empimhejlkv

Xbu izk zevc gimihkgkmp zk~ozpemh vuvpkgv illemh vbozp

o kr~kfpipeomv? Izh{ijlu pbk govp èf{lp ojvpiflkv

po vuvpkgipef, zoj{vp, im` zk~kipijlk zevc gimihkgkmp

~zofkvvkv poìu emqolqk4

9- Giempiememh i vuvpkg pbip ckk~v {~ po ìpk xepb kgkzhemhzevcv, zipbkz pbim veg~lu zollemh ozxiz` im` {~ìpemh pbk

omkv e`kmpek` em ~zeoz ukizv, im`

:- @kqklo~emh ~zifpefil, fovp'kkfpeqk vuvpkgv o zk~ozpemh

zevcv zklipk` po èf{lp'po'gkiv{zk empimhejlkv, v{fb iv

pbk vkf{zepu o i fog~imuv ìpi, oz pbk y{ilepu o epv

mimfeil zk~ozpemh ~zifpefkv-

Pkfbmey{kv

Xbelk empimhejlkv zkgiem èf{lp po gkiv{zk, vkqkzil

pkfbmey{kv biqk jkkm `kqklo~k` po bkl~ oqkzfogk pbk

ojvpiflkv zklipk` po zk~ozpemh vuvpkgv- Jzek v{ggizekv o

pbk v{hhkvpk` i~~zoifbkv izk iv olloxv4

mLkièmh zevc emèfipozv im` kvfilipeom pzehhkzv- Pbk

FOVOv :>>0 zk~ozp v{hhkvpv pbk {vk o lkièmh zevc

emèfipozv im` kvfilipeom oz pbzkvbol` pzehhkzv-

Krig~lkv4 I fog~imu gehbp gomepoz fomv{gkz

fom`kmfk iv i lkièmh emèfipoz o vilkv qol{gk

"~zodkfpk` {mepv vol` ~kz vpozk ~kz gompb%- Oz ep gehbp

gomepoz im em`kr o vpi gozilk o behb ~kzozgkzv iv i

lkièmh emèfipoz o vpi p{zmoqkz- Pbk ~zemfe~lk jkbem`

pbev i~~zoifb ev pbip fomv{gkz fom`kmfk emèfipozv

vbo{l` jk zk~ozpk` po joiz`v e pbku ill vbozp o i ~zk'

`kpkzgemk` lkqkl3 vegelizlu, vpi gozilk emèfipozv vbo{l`

jk zk~ozpk` e pbku ill vbozp o i gemegillu'iffk~pijlk

lkqkl- Em kkfp, pbk ~zk'`kpkzgemk` lkqklv izk kvfilipeom

pbzkvbol`v oz zevc pbzkvbol`v- Em ~zifpefk, boxkqkz, ep

fim jk i fbillkmhk po ihzkk om gkimemh{l m{gkzefil

emèfipozv im` pbzkvbol`v-


35/38


mEmèfipozv jivk` om fi{vil imiluvev- I :>9> FOVO

xbepk ~i~kz v{hhkvpv i vuvpkgipef i~~zoifb po pbk

`kqklo~gkmp o cku zevc emèfipozv "CZEv%- [m`kz pbev

i~~zoifb, pbk vklkfpeom o CZEv ev jivk` om im imiluvev

o pbk zoop fi{vkv o kqkmpv em`kmpek` iv vehmefimp-

Krig~lkv4 I fog~imu gehbp e`kmpeu i jzockm `kjp

foqkmimp iv i vehmefimp kqkmp pbip vbo{l` jk zk~ozpk`

po pbk joiz` o èzkfpozv- Ep xell lecklu jk èf{lp po

e`kmpeu i vemhlk zoop fi{vk oz i jzockm foqkmimp-

J{p im imiluvev o ~ovvejlk fi{vkv gehbp lki` po pbk

e`kmpefipeom o empkzgkèipk ifpozv, v{fb iv `kfzkivkv

em vilkv em zkfkmp gompbv oz vbozpihkv o fivb zkv{lpemhem pbk mkk` oz vbozp'pkzg jozzoxemh- Pbkvk ifpozv

em p{zm gehbp zkv{lp zog oqkzill kfomogef fomèpeomv,

~zefemh pzkm`v, oz lijoz evv{kv im` pbkvk ifpozv xo{l`

jk vkkm iv pbk zoop fi{vkv oz xbefb cku zevc emèfipozv

vbo{l` jk `kqklo~k`-

Jkfi{vk pbk :>9> i~~zoifb fomve`kzv ep {mlecklu pbip imu

omk emèfipoz xell i`ky{ipklu fi~p{zk ill pbk ifkpv o i

`kqklo~emh zevc, i fozollizu ~zemfe~lk ev pbip govp fog~imekv

xell mkk` po gomepoz im` xkehbp i ìvbjoiz` o emèfipozv-

Ell{vpzipeom4 @ivbjoiz` o Emèfipozv

Aoz vogk fog~imekv, pbk jkvp i~~zoifb giu jk i zevc

vfozkfiz` pbip {vkv i fogjemipeom o pbk pxo pkfbmey{kv

`kvfzejk` ijoqk ju zk~ozpemh om pbk empimhejlkv ip zevc

xepbo{p pzuemh po gkiv{zk pbkg- Pbev fim jk òmk {vemh

CZEv, foloz'fo`k` vpip{v emèfipozv, im` im izzox po vbox pbk

pzkm`, "e-k-, xbkpbkz pbk zevc ev emfzkivemh oz `kfzkivemh% iv

ell{vpzipk` em pbk pijlk om pbk mkrp ~ihk-

Em kkfp, pbk foloz'fo`k` efomv em pbk pijlk zkakfp pbk

~ovepeomemh o pbk zevc om i zevc gi~ oz bkip gi~- Hzkkm

zk~zkvkmpv zevcv pbip izk lox eg~ifp im` biqk i lox

leckleboo` o bi~~kmemh3 zk` zk~zkvkmpv zevcv pbip xo{l`

biqk i behb eg~ifp im` i behb leckleboo` o gipkzeiletemh3

im` igjkz zk~zkvkmpv zevcv pbip izk gkè{g eg~ifp im`

biqk i go`kzipk fbimfk o bi~~kmemh- Pbk izzoxv emèfipk

xbkpbkz pbk zevc po pbk ivvkpv ev emfzkivemh oz `kfzkivemh-

Aoz krig~lk, i òxmxiz` pzkm` em pbk m{gjkz o cmoxm

q{lmkzijelepekv po bifckz ippifcv ev im emèfipeom pbip pbk

fog~imuv ìpi vkf{zepu zevc ev `kfzkivemh, xbelk im {~xiz`


36/38


pzkm` em pbk m{gjkz o mom'[V mimfk èzkfpozv xbo izk mop

cmoxlk`hkijlk ijo{p [V HII^ ev im emèfipeom pbip zevc po

pbk y{ilepu o pbk fog~imuv mimfeil zk~ozpemh {m`kz [V

HII^ ev emfzkivemh-

Ivvkpv ip Zevc Cku Zevc Emèfipozv Vpip{v Pzkm`

Vkf{zepu o f{vpogkz ìpi

Cmoxm q{lmkzijelepekv l

M{gjkz o {mi{pbozetk` ippkg~pv po

iffkvv ìpil

Fog~imuv zk~{pipeom oz vikpu

V~ellv o bitizò{v gipkzeilvpzimv~ozpk` ju fog~imu

l

Mo- o xozc~lifk iffe`kmpv l

Y{ilepu o mimfeil zk~ozpemh

Mo- o emfe`kmpv o zi{`{lkmp zk~ozpemh

fillk` empo pbk boplemkl

Mo- o mom'[V v{jveèizekv xepb mimfk

èzkfpozv xbo izk mop cmoxlk`hkijlk

ijo{p [V HII^

l

Pbev i~~zoifb xozcv xkll oz gimu pu~kv o j{vemkvv zevcv-J{p ep ev èf{lp po i~~lu po jlifc vxim zevcv pbip izk behb

eg~ifp, biz`'po'~zkèfp zevcv o kqkmpv pbip ho jkuom` pbk zkilg

o mozgil kr~kfpipeomv em vfekmfk, mimfk im` pkfbmolohu-

^zofkvvkv oz gimihemh pbkvk pu~kv o zevcv izk vpell jkemh

èvf{vvk` ju gimihkzv, zevc i`qevozv, im` ifi`kgefv-

Aoz Gozk Emozgipeom

Pbk olloxemh gipkzeilv izk zkkzkmfk` em pbev zk~ozp im`

iqielijlk ip xxx-fovo-ozh4


Azigkxozc, :>>0 mZk~ozp om pbk F{zzkmp Vpipk o Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Oqkzvehbp,

Gimihkgkmp Iffo{mpemh Zkvkizfb Fom`{fpk` om Jkbil

o pbk IEFÎ, Gizc Jkivlku, Jz{fk Jzimvom, im` Jommek

Bimfofc, :>>5


37/38


m@kqklo~emh Cku Zevc Emèfipozv po Vpzkmhpbkm Kmpkz~zevk

Zevc Gimihkgkmp4 Box Cku Zevc Emèfipozv Fim Vbiz~km

Aof{v om Kgkzhemh Zevcv, FOVO, Gizc Jkivlku, Jz{fk F-

Jzimvom, im` Jommek Bimfofc

mFOVOv :>9> Zk~ozp om KZG4 F{zzkmp Vpipk o

Kmpkz~zevk Zevc Oqkzvehbp im` Gizckp ^kzfk~peomv o

FOVOv KZG Azigkxozc, :>9>

Box Xk Fim Bkl~

Ip FJET, xk biqk ilxiuv qekxk` iò~peom o KZG iv i do{zmku

zipbkz pbim im kqkmp- O{z qeveom oz pbk {p{zk ev i lkqkl ~liuemh

kl` xbkzk kmpkz~zevkv o ill vetkv im` em ill em`{vpzekv biqkpbk cem`v o ~zifpefil im` akrejlk poolv mkk`k` oz v{ffkvv{l

zevc gimihkgkmp- Ju pbip xk gkim pbk cem`v o fovp'kkfpeqk

poolv pbip xell illox gimihkgkmp po e`kmpeu, gomepoz, im`

gepehipk zevcv v{ffkvv{llu- O{z zevc i`qevozu vkzqefkv im`

~{jlefipeomv izk `kvehmk` po bkl~ gick pbev qeveom i zkilepu- Em

i`èpeom po kmpkz~zevk zevc gimihkgkmp vkzqefkv, xk ~zoqe`k

i {ll zimhk o zevc i`qevozu vkzqefkv emfl{èmh pbk olloxemh4

empkzmil i{èp vkzqefkv, zi{` emqkvpehipeomv, ~zoifpeqk impe'

zi{` ~zohzigv, EP i{èp im` vkf{zepu vkzqefkv, vkzqefk

ozhimetipeom zk~ozpemh "ozgkzlu cmoxm iv VIV 8> vkzqefkv%,

j{vemkvv fompem{epu ~limmemh, im` EÔ i{èp v{~~ozp-

E uo{ biqk y{kvpeomv ijo{p pbev zk~ozp oz box po i~~lu pbk

emvehbpv po uo{z ozhimetipeom, ~lkivk fompifp Gefbikl Hillihbkz

oz Jzeim Hzkhozu-

FJET Zevc ! I`qevozu Vkzqefkv

Uo{z em`k~km`kmp zkvo{zfk oz i jzoi` zimhk o zevc

gimihkgkmp im` j{vemkvv i`qevozu vkzqefkv-

Qevep o{z xkjvepk ip bpp~4//xxx-fjet-fog/ziv/

@oxmloi` o{z Zevc ! I`qevozu Vkzqefkv Jzofb{zk-


38/38


FJET GBG ev pbk jzim` migk oz FJET GBG, LLF im` opbkz

Aemimfeil Vkzqefkv v{jveèizekv o FJET, Emf- "MUVK4 FJT%

pbip ~zoqe`k pir, amimfeil i`qevozu im` fomv{lpemh vkzqefkv

po emèqe`{ilv, pir'krkg~p ozhimetipeomv im` i xe`k zimhk o

~{jleflu'pzi`k` im` ~zeqipklu'bkl` fog~imekv-

Fompifpv

Jzeim Hzkhozu

^zkve`kmp im` Vkmeoz Gimihemh @ezkfpoz

FJET GBG

Zevc im` I`qevozu Vkzqefkv

jhzkhozuNfjet-fog:91-;:;-95;0

Gefbikl V- Hillihbkz

Gimihemh @ezkfpoz

FJET GBG

Kmpkz~zevk Zevc

Gimihkgkmp Vkzqefkv

ghillihbkzNfjet-fog

896-;1:-99;0

bev ~{jlefipeom ~zoqe`kv hkmkzil emozgipeom im` òkv mop fomvpep{pk lkhil,

ffo{mpemh, pir oz opbkz ~zokvveomil i`qefk- Zki`kzv izk i`qevk` po ojpiem

zokvveomil i`qefk pbip ev i~~zo~zeipklu pielozk` po pbkez emèqe`{il fezf{gvpimfkv-

:>99FJETGBGZev

c!

I`qevozuVkzqefkv,LLF

the emerging frontiers of risk management: today’s norms and expectations

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