The Eight Phases of Inflammation

The Eight Phases of InflammationInjuryUtrastructural ChangesMetabolic (Hypoxic) ChangesActivation of Chemical MediatorsHemodynamic ChangesPermeability ChangesLeukocyte MigrationPhagocytosis

Phases of InflammationInjury - any event that impairs tissue structureTrauma (most sports injuries)macrotrauma (impact, contact)microtrauma (overuse, friction)

Phases of InflammationUltrastructural Changesdisruption of the cell membranecontents of cell spill into extracellular spacescaused bytraumahypoxia

Phases of InflammationMetabolic (Hypoxic) Changescells become deprived of oxygen (secondary hypoxic injury)sodium pump failssodium increases in cellcell membrane disruptioncontents spill out

Phases of InflammationActivation of Chemical MediatorsChemical mediators (histamine, bradykinin) spill out of the cellChemical mediatorsnotify body that cells have been damagedmobilize the body=s resources to handle the situationmodify and regulate the rest of the inflammatory response

Phases of InflammationHemodynamic Changesarteries dilate enhancing blood flowinactive capillaries and venules opentotal blood flow increases, rate of flow decreasesleukocytes fall out of stream line and adhere to vessel wall

Phases of InflammationPermeability Changessizable gaps develop in the vessel walls.leukocytes escape to injury site

Phases of InflammationLeukocyte Migrationleukocytes migrate in concentration-limited fashionmore chemical mediators, more leukocytes2 types of leukocytesneutrophilstravel fast, arrive firsttemporary first line of defenselive 7 hoursmacrophagessecond line of defenselive for months

Phases of InflammationPhagocytosisprocess of digesting cellular debris into pieces small enough to be removed by the lymph vessels.