the efforts of the swedish forestry organisation to equate the environmental goal with the...
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The Efforts of the Swedish Forestry Organisation to equate the Environmental Goal with the Production Goal. (1999). Background. Biodiversity in the forests is threatened In the revised Forestry Act in 1994 the environmental goal was equated with the production goal. The Aim of the Audit. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
No 1 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Efforts of the Swedish Forestry
Organisation to equate the Environmental Goal with the Production Goal
(1999)
No 2 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Background
Biodiversity in the forests is threatened In the revised Forestry Act in 1994 the
environmental goal was equated with the production goal
No 3 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Aim of the Audit
Examine how the SFO in practice has managed to equate the environmental goal with the production goal
An audit of the environmental work of the SFO in order to reach the environmental goal
No 4 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Environmental Goal in the Forestry: To maintain the biodiversity in the forests
The variety within and between the species and within the ecological systems
Every species which today live in viable populations should be preserved
No 5 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Swedish Forest
23 million hectares (55 % of the Swedish ground area)
The forestry and forest industry employs 120 000 people
In four of five nature regions very small shares of the forests are preserved in nature reserves
No 6 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Nature reserves (compared to estimated needs) Mountainous region
Northern Taiga region Southern Taiga
region Deciduous and
coniferous region Deciduous region
43 % n.e. 1.6 % 9 % 0.4 % 8 %
0.7 % 12 %
0.6 % 16 %
No 7 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Stakeholders in forestry
Forest Owners The Forest Industry Forest Contractors
Machine operators State Agencies NGO’s Indigenous People (the Laplanders) The Public (for berries, mushrooms, hunting,
recreation etc.)
No 8 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Forestry trade
Large Forest Companies Medium-sized Forest Owners Private (Individual Owners)
Organized within forest owners organizations which act as forest companies
Not organized owners Wood Purchasing companies
No 9 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
State Agencies
The Swedish Forest Organization 11 Regions
97 Districts
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
No 10 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Some of the Threats to the Biodiversity of the Forests Old forests and trees have become rare The share of deciduous forests (and esp. old
ones) is decreasing Dead wood has become rare Different-aged forests have become rare Mixtures of different trees are more seldomSpecies depending on old forests, old deciduous
forests and dead wood have become threatened
No 11 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Environmental measures in forestry General considerations at clear-felling General considerations at ditching, thinning etc. Voluntary saving of forests (without
registration/documentation at the authorities) Voluntary saving (registered) Environmental protection agreement (50 years) Habitat protection agreement (no time limit) Nature reserve
No 12 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Possible Target groups for the SFO Forest Companies Forest Owners Organisations
(forestry advisors within Companies and Forest Owners Organisations)
Private Forest Owners Contractors
Machine operators
No 13 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Focus of the audit
The advisory efforts of the SFO districts The inspecting efforts of the SFO districts The examinations of the nature values
performed by the SFO
No 14 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Our methods Interviews with in total 6 administrators (heads and specialists)
within the central organisation Examination of regulations, instructions, written advices and
literature from the central authority Case studies of 4 (out of 11) Regional Forestry Boards within
the SFO Case studies of 14 (out of 97) districts within the SFO Survey of the educational level of the local administrators Knowledge test of one represent from each district responsible
for handling clear felling notifications (telephone enquiry) Attendance to scientific seminars and conferences esp. an
international conference on Biodiversity in Managed Forests Literature studies (Government bills, legislation, other
evaluations, advisory material from SFO and other stakeholders, handbooks, scientific papers etc.)
No 15 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Criteria for selection of regions for case studies Different nature regions Different dominating ownership Differences of expected practice in
environmental considerations (both fore-runners and latecomers)
Possibility of comparison two and two (both between regions and districts within regions)
No 16 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Case study of 4 regions
Interviews with the heads of the four regions and totally 11 other administrators at the regional offices
Examinations of statistics concerning owners, the age distribution of the personal, the results of the key habitat survey, decisions on habitat reserves and nature protection agreements
Examination of the sales statistics from the central authority concerning environmental advisory literature to the regions
No 17 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Case Studies of the 14 districts Interviews with in total 38 administrators and heads in
14 districts Examination of notifications to the SFO about clear-
felling and the handling of the notifications Interviews with 4 machine operators (entrepreneurs) Interviews with forestry advisors (from two large
companies and three owner organisations and two timber purchasing companies)
Field studies of some registered key habitats and clear felled areas mentioned in the interviews
Interviews with a few persons from NGO’s
No 18 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The examination of educational background Collection of central statistics concerning
education in nature biology Collection of and comparison with regional
data
No 19 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
The Knowledge Enquiry
Telephone enquiry with false and right statements concerning the biodiversity and the correlation with forestry measures
The enquiry was elaborated in cooperation with a biologist within the forestry sector
The knowledge required to give the right answer should represent the level of half a year of studies of nature biology
No 20 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Main Results (1) The forestry act is a paradox SFO has to encourage voluntary set-aside and
considerations The machine operators is a neglected target
group for the advice Individual follow-up is necessary SFO is only one of many stakeholders aiming at
a more environmental forestry (SFO also has business operations)
No 21 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Main Results (2) SFO must be a good example in environmental
considerations (it isn’t always today) Very great cultural differences within the SFO
(depending both on geographical location, educational level and personal interest)
The SFO’s key habitat survey has great deficiencies
Field inspection and advice from SFO is necessary
No 22 23-04-22 The Swedish National Audit Office
Recommendations SFO must establish preservation goals for each nature
region SFO must require information about nature values SFO must perform an individual follow-up of forestry SFO should continue and extend the key habitat survey Greater focus on environmental protection agreements
with forest owners and on advice to the machine operators Greater emphasis on further education of all advising
personal in nature biology More emphasis on field advising and inspections At least one professional biologist within each region Resource improvement to the SFO