the effect of quranic mentality program on mental health...

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Islam Life Center Health. 2013 December; 1(4): e15519. DOI: 10.5812/ilch.15519 Published online 2013 December 20. Research Article The Effect of Quranic Mentality Program on Mental Health of Students of Urmia University of Medial Sciences (Ramadan 2012) Ahad Zeinali 1 ; Hayedeh Feizi Pour 1,* ; Mehdi Fattahi 1 ; Lida Kuh Kalani 1 ; Mehdi Fattahi 2 1 Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran 2 Urmia Payame Noor University, Urmia, IR Iran *Corresponding author: Hayedeh Feizi Pour, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9141469658, E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 29, 2013; Accepted: August 31, 2014 Background: Religion and health are two very important aspects of human societies. In recent years, psychologists have viewed religion as an extraordinary force which gives spiritual power to humans and protects them against difficulties and hardship; it also keeps them away from stress and worries. Quranic mentality program is a combination of academic training, as well as religious activities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the educational program of Quranic mentality on the mental health of students. Patients and Methods: Mental health questionnaire (28-GHQ) which was extracted by Goldberg and Hillier was the tool that had been used in this study. From a statistical population of 200, a sample of 50 students had been selected from 3 classrooms of 40 with the use of random clustering method; also a control group of 50 students (25 females and 25 males) who were studying at the same time at the university had been selected. Statistical methods of t-test had been used for independent groups. Results: The results show that there is a significant difference between control and experimental groups; moreover, Quranic mentality program had an impact on mental health increment of students. Conclusions: Based on previous studies, it can be concluded that religious and behavioral aspects can be used as a factor in the improvement of human mental health. Keywords: Mental Health; Religion and Human Health; Tensions; Quran Copyright © 2013, Quran & Etrat Center, The Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Background Research literature on health psychology shows that in recent years there had been much attention among researchers for understanding the predictors of physi- cal and mental health (1). In WHO Constitution, human health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Accordingly, one of the three main pillars of human health is mental health witch by interacting with physical and social health causes public health (2). Based on the reports of this organization, the world witnessed major changes in epidemiology of disease as well as in needs of people in the last two decades; in a way that non-contagious diseases such as mental diseases have been quickly replaced the infectious and contagious diseases, and stands among top condition of disability and early death. According to the estimates of UN, the prevalence of mental disorders in developing countries is increasing (3). According to world health organization statistics, one percent of world population suffers from severe mental disorders and 5% - 15% suffers from mild mental disorders. Sectional prevalence of mental disor- ders in Iran has been reported as 18% - 23% (ibid.). In many communities, people in stressful situations deal with stress with the use of prayers and attendance to religious rituals, and scientific evidence had shown its positive effects on mental health (4-6). Faith and tra- dition in their positive form create mutual activities and help people achieve their perfection (7). Religious prac- tices and beliefs are associated with all aspects of health and disease; it guides daily living habits and it is a source of support, strength and improvement (8). The spiritual dimension of human existence is one of the four dimen- sions of a holistic approach, and like biological, psycho- logical and social aspects has its importance. Based on research evidence, attention to the spiritual dimension of care will significantly result in different outcomes of physical, psychological and social diseases. In addition, participation in religious and spiritual rituals is associat- ed with better health outcomes, such as increased life ex- pectancy, reduced cardiovascular disease, and reduction of depression risk, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide, better ability to adapt and improve the quality of life (9). Quranic mentality program is a new educational ini- tiative that both scientific and spiritual aspects are em- phasized together. This plan has been held since 2009 in some universities around the country with the aim of fa- miliarization of students with Quran in Ramadan.

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Page 1: The Effect of Quranic Mentality Program on Mental Health ...islamiclifej.com/article-1-167-fa.pdf · Islam Life Center Health. 2013 December; 1(4): e15519. DOI: 10.5812/ilch.15519

Islam Life Center Health. 2013 December; 1(4): e15519. DOI: 10.5812/ilch.15519

Published online 2013 December 20. Research Article

The Effect of Quranic Mentality Program on Mental Health of Students of Urmia University of Medial Sciences (Ramadan 2012)

Ahad Zeinali 1; Hayedeh Feizi Pour

1,*; Mehdi Fattahi

1; Lida Kuh Kalani

1; Mehdi Fattahi

2

1Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran2Urmia Payame Noor University, Urmia, IR Iran

*Corresponding author: Hayedeh Feizi Pour, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9141469658, E-mail: [email protected]

Received: October 29, 2013; Accepted: August 31, 2014

Background: Religion and health are two very important aspects of human societies. In recent years, psychologists have viewed religion as an extraordinary force which gives spiritual power to humans and protects them against difficulties and hardship; it also keeps them away from stress and worries. Quranic mentality program is a combination of academic training, as well as religious activities.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the educational program of Quranic mentality on the mental health of students.Patients and Methods: Mental health questionnaire (28-GHQ) which was extracted by Goldberg and Hillier was the tool that had been used in this study. From a statistical population of 200, a sample of 50 students had been selected from 3 classrooms of 40 with the use of random clustering method; also a control group of 50 students (25 females and 25 males) who were studying at the same time at the university had been selected. Statistical methods of t-test had been used for independent groups.Results: The results show that there is a significant difference between control and experimental groups; moreover, Quranic mentality program had an impact on mental health increment of students.Conclusions: Based on previous studies, it can be concluded that religious and behavioral aspects can be used as a factor in the improvement of human mental health.

Keywords: Mental Health; Religion and Human Health; Tensions; Quran

Copyright © 2013, Quran & Etrat Center, The Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. BackgroundResearch literature on health psychology shows that

in recent years there had been much attention among researchers for understanding the predictors of physi-cal and mental health (1). In WHO Constitution, human health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Accordingly, one of the three main pillars of human health is mental health witch by interacting with physical and social health causes public health (2).

Based on the reports of this organization, the world witnessed major changes in epidemiology of disease as well as in needs of people in the last two decades; in a way that non-contagious diseases such as mental diseases have been quickly replaced the infectious and contagious diseases, and stands among top condition of disability and early death. According to the estimates of UN, the prevalence of mental disorders in developing countries is increasing (3). According to world health organization statistics, one percent of world population suffers from severe mental disorders and 5% - 15% suffers from mild mental disorders. Sectional prevalence of mental disor-ders in Iran has been reported as 18% - 23% (ibid.).

In many communities, people in stressful situations deal with stress with the use of prayers and attendance

to religious rituals, and scientific evidence had shown its positive effects on mental health (4-6). Faith and tra-dition in their positive form create mutual activities and help people achieve their perfection (7). Religious prac-tices and beliefs are associated with all aspects of health and disease; it guides daily living habits and it is a source of support, strength and improvement (8). The spiritual dimension of human existence is one of the four dimen-sions of a holistic approach, and like biological, psycho-logical and social aspects has its importance. Based on research evidence, attention to the spiritual dimension of care will significantly result in different outcomes of physical, psychological and social diseases. In addition, participation in religious and spiritual rituals is associat-ed with better health outcomes, such as increased life ex-pectancy, reduced cardiovascular disease, and reduction of depression risk, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide, better ability to adapt and improve the quality of life (9).

Quranic mentality program is a new educational ini-tiative that both scientific and spiritual aspects are em-phasized together. This plan has been held since 2009 in some universities around the country with the aim of fa-miliarization of students with Quran in Ramadan.

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Zeinali A et al.

Islam Life Center Health. 2014;1(4):e1551932

2. ObjectivesThe aims of Quranic mentality program are as follows:1. Using universities and spiritual atmosphere of Ra-

madan for training and self-regulation, 2. Promotion of Quran ethics and religion, 3. Development of Quranic insight and religion of students, 4. Enemy identification based on religion, 5. Creating of cultural, structural stud-ies groups and strengthening organizations, clubs and panels, 6. Strengthening Quranic revolutionary identity and self-esteem spirit, 7. Transference of Quranic and revolutionary concepts in the sublime environment of Ramadan.

The project outputs are as follows:1. Set up Quran studying groups at the University, 2.

Motivation and education of students for active partici-pation in liberal free talks and valuing them, 3. Identify-ing active students and writers to work with the media, 4. Formation of Cyber groups of active students to teach religious and monotheistic educations at international levels, 5. Establishing interdisciplinary scientific and Quranic community (Quran, sociology, Quran and law, Quran and political science, etc.).

3. Patients and MethodsFirst, in this study, from 3 classes of 40 and all female

students who had participated in Quranic mentality pro-gram, 2 classes with total of 50 participants have been selected as the experimental group with the use of ran-dom clustering selection. To following principles of re-search ethics, the topic of this study had been explained to the students and with their consent, mental health questionnaire had been conducted as the pre-test. 50 students who had been studying with conventional and classical methods at the university at the same time, but who were not participated in Quranic mentality program have been selected as the control group. Mental health questionnaire had been conducted on these patients as well. Then, the experimental group received a 17-day edu-cational course of the university based on Quranic men-tality program with the activities that will be explained later, while the control group had been receiving educa-tion based on previous traditional and commonly used teaching methods.

The educational and Quranic mentality program activi-ties that performed every day in 3 steps are as follows: 1. From 9 am to 1 pm, university courses had been thought by experienced professors who emphasized on effective communication with students, 2. After participating in congregational prayers, classes named Group Work had been held in 3 different categories. These Group Works included: Quranic studies, Psychology (premarital trau-mas and Management training of relationship with the opposite sex), Iran Studies. The special features of this Group Works were the active participation and the role that students played in discussions; in particular the use of questioning and answering method by them. The edu-

cational method was based on a student-centered teach-ing and learning, and the professor played the role of an observer and controller of the topics of these session (to the extent that students wouldn’t get far from the main subject), 3. The presence of religious psychologists and counselors in dormitories for providing counseling ser-vices and the accommodation of religious programs and events related to physical education of students after the Azan and eating breakfast.

One of the specific conditions that are considered in Quranic mentality program is the restoration of a favor-able environment for familiarity with the Quran as well as the daily attendance of students to religious and wor-shiping rituals.

This program continued on a regular basis for 17 days, and after the end of this period general health question-naire was administered to both experimental and con-trol groups.

General health questionnaire (GHQ-28): this form of general health questionnaire was extracted by Goldberg & Hillier in 1979 based on factor analysis of 60-question form of Goldberg (1972) which showed highest reliability and sensitivity among different versions of public health questionnaires. This questionnaire measures four sub-scales of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and evaluates mental status of individual in the past month. In a study, the Cronbach alpha coefficients had been reported as 0.85, 0.78, 0.79, 0.91, 0.85 respectively for somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, depression, and over-all mental health (10). For the analysis of questionnaires’ data, the statistical method of t-test had been used for in-dependent groups.

4. Results Table 1 Shows number of respondents by gender and

level of interest in their field of study. As it has been ex-plained before, 50 students (25 males and 25 females) had been selected as experiment group and the same number of participants had been selected as control group. From the total number of participants, 54 students had a high level of interest in their field of study.

Table 1. The Frequency of Respondents by Gender and the Inter-est in Their Field of Study

Gender The Level of Interest Total

Low Medium High

Female 6 21 23 50

Male 3 16 31 50

Total 9 37 54 100

The average age of participants in this study was 22.25 years which it has shown in the following histogram (Fig-ure 1). In Table 1 the average scores of GHQ and its sub-scales related to male and female students in both experi-

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33Islam Life Center Health. 2014;1(4):e15519

ment and control groups, and for pre-test and post-test are shown.

In Tables 1 - 3 the average scores of GHQ and its subscales related to male and female students in both experiment and control groups, and for pre-test and post-test are shown.

By subtracting the mean scores of pre-test and post-test, the mean differences can be obtained which are shown for both experiment and control groups (Table 4).

In Figure 2, the mean scores of pre-test and post-test in both experiment and control groups are shown. As it can be seen, the mean scores of pre-test are close in both experiment and control groups and because of it, the two graph are matched; this indicates homologue and similar selection of both experiment and control groups. Regarding post-test it can be seen that no significant changes had been observed in the control group, while experiment groups showed a significant difference; how-ever, this must be verified statistically.

To test this hypothesis, comparing means test had been used; and because the test consisted of two independent groups of experiment and control, the comparison test of two independent groups had been used (Table 5).

As mentioned earlier, our assumption is that mental-ity program affects GHQ scores in the experiment group. Therefore, there should be a difference between mean scores of pre-test and post-test. Comparing the means in Table 5 shows that the mean difference is greater in the experiment group. In other words, the mentality program decreased 12.17 from the mean score; while this difference is 1.92 for the control group that had the tradi-tional program of the university; this difference is large comparing to the control group.

Histogram

Freq

uen

cyr

30

20

10

020.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

age

Mean = 22.25Std. Dev. = 2.076N = 100

Figure 1. Mean Age of Students Participated in the Study

Table 2. Description of Statistics Related to the Age of the Students

Parameters Values

Sample size 100

Mean ± SD 22.25 ± 2.08

Variance 4.311

Range 16.00

Minimum 19.00

maximum 35.00

Table 3. The Average Scores of GHQ of Students in Pre- and Post-Tests

Group Pre-Test Post-Test

A B C D T A B C D T

Experiment

Male 5.8 7.24 7.64 6.08 27 1.27 2.32 3.92 1.44 9.4

Female 8.68 9.76 10 7.6 36.04 2.76 3.24 4.68 1.16 11.84

Control

Male 5.6 7.48 9.67 7.32 30.16 6.76 6.92 8.68 6.92 29.28

Female 8.92 9.44 8.12 6.12 32.6 8.48 7.8 8.6 4.68 29.88

Table 4. Mean Difference for Pre- and Post-Test Based on Groups

Group Variations AA BB CC DD TT

Experiment 5 5.72 4.52 5.66 20.90

Control -0.36 0.94 0.30 0.92 1.92

Post- Test (Experiment)

Post- Test (Control)

Pre- Test

(Experiment)

Post- Test (Control)

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

T D C B A

Figure 2. The Average Scores of Both Control and Experiment Groups

Table 5. Descriptive Statistics of the Hypothesis

Groups No. Mean Difference a Standard Deviation Mean Standard Error

Experiment 50 20.9 12.17601 1.72195

Control 50 1.92 4.91495 0.69508a Mean difference of groups (pre-test and post-test).

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Islam Life Center Health. 2014;1(4):e1551934

Table 6. Comparison Test for the Hypothesis

Assumptions Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances

t-Test for Equality of Means

Significance F 95% Confidence Interval of the Deviation

Deviation of Standard Error

Deviation of the Mean

Significance (2-Tailed

df t

Higher Lower

Equality of variances

0.000 21.077 22.66504 15.29496 1.85694 18.98000 0.000 98 10.221

Inequality of variances

22.68906 15.27094 1.85694 18.98000 0.000 64.555 10.221

In Table 6 two rows have been considered for mean dif-ferences between pre-test and post-test while the first row is for comparing two independent groups with vari-ance equality assumption and the second row is for com-paring two independent groups with variance inequality assumption. The first part of the Table 6 (Levene’s test for equality of variances) will help us for using one of the rows; if (P value) is above 0.05 we will use the first row and if it is lower than 0.05, we will use the second row. In this study, the dependent variable is mean difference of GHQ scores (in pre-and post-test); it must be deter-mined whether there is a difference in scores between the experiment and control groups or not. The first part of Table 6 shows that (P value) is above 0.05 meaning the variances are not equal; therefore, we use the first row. Sig is at 0.000, which is lower than 0.05. So it could be said that there is a significant difference among GHQ scores between experiment and control groups, and the experi-ment group has a higher difference. In other words, the feasting plan created a greater difference; in a way that the mean scores of GHQ score decreased by 12.17. There-fore, research hypothesis is confirmed statistically.

5. DiscussionEducation, religion and health are considered three

very important areas of human societies. In recent years, psychologists viewed religion as an extraordinary force that gives humans spiritual strength and protects them against difficulties and hardship; keeps them away from anxiety and stress. This is largely due to empirical re-searches that supported the relationship between reli-gious practices and increased mental health (10).

The results of this study shows that the Quranic men-tality program which is a combination of academic and Quranic lessons and religious activities have a positive impact on the improvement of mental health of students who had participated in the study. The results of studies in such areas suggests that religious practices such as attending religious sites and receiving emotional and social support has a positive effect on the promotion of mental health (11) and they support the hypothesis of this research. Research has shown that religious activity is associated with health and well-being of people (12-14). A previous study showed that participation in religious

rituals reduces anxiety (15). Devotional activities are asso-ciated with health and wellbeing. In addition to attitude, religion, faith, and love have worshiping and practical aspects as well (16). Another study confirm the hypoth-esis of this study (17). One of the causes of happiness in happy characters of the word is the use of religious or spiritual values in a positive direction (18). To examine the relationship between “religious”, “religious attitude” and “psychological hardship” with “mental health” of ancho-rites of Rasht, 96 men from Ghods Mosques and women from the holy mosque of Imam Reza (AS) in Rasht were se-lected randomly; they completed religious identity, reli-gious attitude, psychological hardship and mental health questionnaires, as well as demographic questionnaire. Extracted Data were analyzed using t-test for one group and two groups, Pearson correlation and multiple regres-sion analysis method were also analyzed step by step. The results showed that these participants were in a better situation of religious identity, religious attitude, psycho-logical hardship and mental health aspects comparing to common people. There is a significant relationship between the components of religious identity, religious attitude and psychological hardship with mental (19).

5.1. SuggestionsAccording to the students who participated in this

study, the high score of pre-test in Mental Health Ques-tionnaire of students in the control and experiment groups, could be due to the short time (about 4 - 6 days) between the end of the examination period and the start of the mentality program, therefore the students had not overcome the concerns and worries of the end of the semester. In other words, students were still under the influence of psychological stress and lack of sleep of the examination period which is also accepted in psychology. However, based on the results of this study, it has been shown that an intervention in a combined form of an ed-ucational, religious-spiritual and psychological activities can improve the mental health of students. Accordingly, it is proposed that a training program with a combina-tion of three areas of education, religious-spiritual and psychological training, particularly with an emphasis on student-oriented (rather than teacher-centered) and ef-fective communication between teachers and students

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35Islam Life Center Health. 2014;1(4):e15519

should be performed at universities, and as scientific re-search, the impact on mental health, anxiety, motivation, achievement, happiness and should also be examined.

AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the officials and colleagues

of Quran thought feasting plan at Urmia university of medical sciences who helped us in this project; finally, we thank the Almighty God for success and health for them.

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The translated version of: http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ilch.12179

Copyright © 2013, Quran & Etrat Center, The Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an Open Access article

distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

(19سال بررسي تاثير طرح ضيافت انديشه قرآني در سالمت روان دانشجويان دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اروميه ) رمضان

دکتر احد زینالی 1، هایده فیضی پور 2،*، دکتر مهدی فتاحی3، لیدا کوه کالنی4، مهدی فتاحی5

دكتراي تخصصي فيزيك پزشكي، هيات علمي و معاون فرهنگي، دانشجويي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اروميه 1

كارشناس ارشد روان شناسي تربيتي، مسئول اداره مشاوره دانشجويي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اروميه 2 دكتراي عمومي پزشكي، مدير امور فرهنگي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اروميه 3 كارشناس ارشد روان شناسي عمومي، روان شناس اداره مشاوره دانشجويي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اروميه 4 نور پيام دانشگاه اجتماعي،مدرس علوم ارشد كارشناس 5

* Corresponding author: Hayedeh Feizi Pour, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9141469658, E-mail:

[email protected]

Received: October 29, 2013; Accepted: August 31, 2014

انسان به كه اي العاده خارق نيروي عنوان به دين به روانشناسان اخير، سالهاي در. شوند مي محسوب انساني جوامع مهم بسيار حوزه دو سالمت و دين :وهدف زمينه پيش

دروس آموزش از تركيبي نيز انديشه ضيافت طرح. اند نگريسته سازد مي دور نگراني و اضطراب از و كرده حفظ شدايد و ها سختي برابر در را او و بخشد مي معنوي قدرت .باشد مي دانشجويان روان سالمت در قرآني انديشه ضيافت آموزشي طرح تاثير بررسي جهت حاضر پژوهش. باشد مي ديني هاي فعاليت و دانشگاهي

شده استفاده مورد آماري نمونه. است شده استخراج هيلير و گلدبرگ توسط كه بوده( GHQ-22) روان سالمت پرسشنامه پژوهش، اين در استفاده مورد ابزار :هامواد و روش

همچنين شدند، انتخاب آزمايش گروه عنوان به نفري 42 كالس سه از اي خوشه تصادفي صورت به كه ازدانشجويان نفر 52 آماري، جامعه نفر 222 بين از پژوهش اين در براي تي آزمون از آماري، روش. شدند انتخاب بودند دانشگاه در معمول روال به تحصيل مشغول همزمان كه دانشجوياني از( پسر 25 و دختر 25)نفر 52تعداد به نيز كنترل گروه .است شده برده كار به مستقل گروه دو

دانشجويان روان سالمت افزايش در انديشه ضيافت طرح و است دار معني كنترل و آزمايش گروه دو در ها ميانگين تفاوت كه دهد مي نشان تحقيق هاي يافته ها:يافته

.دارد تاثير كننده شركت

افراد روان سالمت بهبود براي عاملي عنوان به توان مي مذهبي رفتارهاي و عوامل از كه گرفت نتيجه توان مي قبلي شده انجام تحقيقات به توجه با :گيریتيجهنبحث و

.كرد استفاده

طرح ضيافت انديشه؛ قرآن؛ سالمت روان :کليدیکلمات

مقدمه -9

ادبيات پژوهشي در حوزه روان شناسي سالمت نشان مي دهدد كده در

سال هاي اخير توجه زيادي بدراي فهدم عوامدل پديش بيندي كنندده بدراي

. در اساسدنامه (1)سالمت جسماني و رواندي بدين پژوهشدگران وجدود دارد

بهداشت، سالمت انسان به معناي رفاه كامل جسمي، رواندي سازمان جهاني

و اجتماعي است. بر اين اساس، يكي از سه ركن مهم سدالمت انسدان هدا،

سالمت روان مي باشد كه در تعامل با سدالمت جسدمي و اجتمداعي باعد

.(2)سالمت عمومي مي گردد

طبق گزارش هاي اين سازمان، جهان در دو دهه اخير شداهد تغييدرات

عمده اي در زمينه اپيدميولوژي بيماري ها و نياز هاي افراد است به گونه اي

اگير همچون بيماري هاي رواني به سرعت جدايگزين كه بيماري هاي غير و

بيماري هاي عفوني و واگير گرديده و در صدر بيماري هاي ناتوان كنندده و

مرگ هاي زودرس قرار مي گيرند. طبق برآوردهداي ايدن سدازمان، ميدزان

. (3)شيوع اختالالت رواني در كشورهاي در حال توسعه رو به افزايش است

بر پايه آمار سازمان جهاني بهداشت، يك درصد از مدردم جهدان از بيمداري

درصد از بيماري خفيف رواني رنج مي برند. شيوع 5-15هاي رواني شديد و

درصد گزارش شده است )همدان 12-23ن، مقطعي اختالالت رواني در ايرا

منبع(.

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.1(4؛ )1313سالمت. محوريت با اسالمي زندگي سبك

در بسياري از جوامع، انسان ها در شرايط استرس زا و بدراي مقابلده بدا فشارهاي رواني از دعا كردن و حضور در مكان هاي مدذهبي اسدتفاده مدي كنند كه پايه شواهد علمي تاثير مثبدت آن بدر سدالمت روان را نشدان داده

.ايمان و سنت در شكل هاي مثبت خود، فعاليت متقابدل ايجداد (6-4)است . اعتقدادات و (7)مي كنند و انسان را در رسيدن به كمال يداري مدي دهندد

اعمال ديني با تمام جنبه هاي سالمتي و بيماري فرد همدراه بدوده، عدادات . (2)روزانه زندگي را هدايت كرده و منبع حمايت، قدرت و بهبودي مي باشد

بعد معنوي وجود انسان يكي از ابعاد چهارگانه رويكرد كل نگر بوده و مانندد ابعاد زيستي، روان شناختي و اجتماعي از اهميت خاصي برخوردار است. طبق

به بعد معنوي مراقبت، باع تفاوت قابل تدوجهي در شواهد پژوهشي، توجهپيامدهاي جسمي، روان شناختي و اجتمداعي بيمداري مدي شدود. همچندين مشاركت افراد در مناسك مذهبي و معنوي با پيامددهاي بهداشدتي بهتدري

عروقدي، كداهش خطدر -مانند افزايش طول عمر، كاهش بيماري هاي قلبيو و خودكشي، توانايي بهتر سدازگاري و افسردگي، اضطراب، سوء مصرف دار .(1)بهبود كيفيت زندگي همراه است

موزشي جديدي است كه هر دو جنبه طرح ضيافت انديشه قرآني، طرح آعلمي و معنويت در كنار هم مورد تاكيد قرار گرفته است. اين طرح از سدال

با هدف انس دانشجويان با قرآن در ماه مبارك رمضدان در برخدي از 1322 دانشگاه هاي سراسر كشور با اهدافي خاص برگزار مي گردد.

اهداف كلي طرح ضيافت انديشه به شرح ذيل مي باشد: استفاده از فضاي معنوي ماه مبارك رمضان و دانشگاه ها در جهت تربيت -1

و خودسازي دانشجويان. ارتقاء سطح اخالقي و فقهي و قرآني-2 افزايش بصيرت ديني و قرآني دانشجويان-3 دشمن شناسي بر مبناي ديني-4فرهنگي، مطالعاتي و همچنين تقويت ساختاري تشدكل ايجاد گروه هاي -5

ها، كانون ها و هيئت ها تقويت روحيه خودباوري و هويت بخشي انقالبي و قرآني-6انتقال مفاهيم واالي قرآندي و انقالبدي در فضداي مناسده مداه مبدارك -7

رمضان

خروجي های طرح:

راه اندازي گروه هاي مطالعاتي قرآني در دانشگاه-1يت و مستعدسازي دانشجويان ارزشدي آمداده بدراي حضدور فعدال در ترب-2

كرسي هاي آزادانديشي

شناسايي دانشجويان فعال و اهل قلم براي همكاري با تيم هداي رسدانه -3 ايتشكيل گروه هاي سايبري از دانشجويان فعال جهت تبليغ معارف ديندي -4

و توحيدي در سطح بين المللمدي ميدان رشدته اي و قرآن)قدرآن و جامعده راه اندازي انجمن هاي عل-5

شناسي، قرآن و حقوق، قرآن و علوم سياسي و ...(

مواد و روش كار:نفدري دانشدجوي 42كدالس 3جهت انجام اين مطالعه ابتدا از تعدداد

كدالس بصدورت تصدادفي 2دختر شركت كننده در طرح ضديافت انديشده، انتخاب شدند. جهت رعايت نفر بعنوان گروه آزمايش 52خوشه اي به تعداد

اصول اخالق در پژوهش، موضوع تحقيق به دانشجويان توضيح داده شدد و با جله رضايت آنان پرسشنامه سالمت روان بعنوان پيش آزمون مورد اجدرا

نفدر از دانشدجوياني كده همزمدان 52قرار گرفت. گروه كنترل نيز به تعداد شيوه هاي مرسوم و كالسيك مشغول تحصيل در دانشگاه ولي با استفاده از

قبلي بودند و در طدرح ضديافت انديشده شدركت نداشدتند، انتخداب شددند. پرسشنامه سالمت روان براي اين گروه نيز مورد اجدرا قدرار گرفدت. سد س

روز بر اساس دستورالعمل طرح ضديافت انديشده 17گروه آزمايش به مدت د شدد، تحدت آمدوزش قرآني، همراه با فعاليت هايي كه توضديح داده خواهد

دروس دانشگاهي قرار گرفتند در صورتي كه گروه كنترل صرفا مشدغول بده تحصيل بر اساس شيوه هاي آموزشي مرسوم در دوره هاي قبلي بودند.

برنامه آموزشي و ساير فعاليت هاي طرح ضيافت انديشه قرآني هدر روز مرحله به شرح ذيل اجرا شد: 3در هاي آموزشي دروس دانشگاهي توسط اساتيد كالس 13الي 1از ساعت -1

مجرب كه بويژه برقراري ارتباط مؤثر با دانشجويان مورد تاكيد بود، اجرا مي شد.پس از شركت در مراسم نماز جماعت، كالس هايي تحت عنوان كارگروه -2موضوع متفاوت برگزار مي شد. موضوع اين كارگروه ها عبدارت بودندد 3در از: قرآن شناسي -روان شناسي )آسيه هاي دوره پيش از ازدواج و آموزش مديريت ارتباط با -

جنس مخالف( ايران شناسي -

ويژگددي خدداص ايددن كددارگروه هددا، شددركت فعاالندده و نقددش پررندد دانشجويان در ارائه مباح و بويژه استفاده از شيوه پرسش و پاسد توسدط

محوري بود و مددرس، خود آنان بود. شيوه آموزش و يادگيري از نوع شاگردنقش ناظر جلسه و كنترل كننده مباح ) تا حدي كه از موضوع اصدلي دور

نشوند( را ايفا مي كرد.

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.1(4؛ )1313سالمت. محوريت با اسالمي زندگي سبك

حضور روان شناسان و مشداوران مدذهبي در خوابگداه هدا جهدت ارائده -3خدمات مشاوره اي و اجراي برنامه ها و مسابقات مربوط به تربيت بدني پس

ري دانشجويان.از اذان مغرب و صرف افطايكي از مهم ترين شرايط خاصي كه در طدرح ضديافت انديشده قرآندي مورد توجه و تاكيد قرار مي گيرد، احياي محيطي مناسه براي انس با قرآن

و همچنين شركت روزانه دانشجويان در مراسم ديني و عبادي است. ره، روز ادامه داشت كه پس از اتمدام دو 17اين برنامه بصورت منظم تا

پرسشنامه سالمت عمومي براي هر دو گروه آزمايش و كنتدرل مدورد اجدرا

.قرار گرفت: اين فرم پرسشنامه سدالمت GHQ-28) (پرسشنامه سالمت عمومي

سدوالي 62بر اساس روش تحليدل عداملي از فدرم 1171عمومي، در سال

( توسط گلدبرگ و هيلير استخراج شدكه در بين نسخه هاي 1172گلدبرگ )

مختلف سالمت عمومي بيشترين ميدزان اعتبدار و حساسديت را نشدان داده

خدرده مقيداس نشدانه هداي جسدماني، 4است. اين پرسشدنامه بده ترتيده

اضطراب و بي خوابي، اختالل اجتمداعي و افسدردگي را در بدر مدي گيدرد و

وضعيت رواني فرد را در يك ماه اخير مي سنجد. در پژوهشي ضرايه آلفاي

را به ترتيده بدراي نشدانه هداي 25/2، 11/2، 71/2، 72/2، 25/2كرونباخ

جسماني، اضطراب و بي خوابي، اختالل اجتماعي، افسردگي و سالمت روان

(. جهت تجزيه و تحليدل نتدايج پرسشدنامه هدا از 12كلي گزارش كرده اند)

روش آماري تي تست براي گروه هاي مستقل استفاده شد.

های تحقيقيافتهتعداد پاسخگويان را به تفكيك جنسيت و ميزان عالقه 1ه جدول شمار

دهد.به رشتة تحصيلي خود نشان مي

فراواني پاسخگويان به تفكيك جنسيت و عالقه به رشته تحصيلي -9جدول

پسر( 25دختر و 25نفر ) 52همانطور كه قبالً هم ذكر گرديد، تعداد دانشجو به عنوان گروه آزمايش و به همان ميزان به عنوان گروه كنترل

نفر به ميزان زياد به رشته 54اند. از اين تعداد دانشجو انتخاب گرديده تحصيلي خود عالقه دارند.

هاي مربوط به سن دانشجويانتوصيف آماره -2جدول

فردی

تعداد افراد نمونه

نمیانگی

ف معیار انحرا

سواریان

ت دامنه تغییرا

مینیممماکزیمم

1 100 22.2500 2.07620 4.311 16.00 19.00 35.00

سال بوده كه در زير نيز نمودار 25/22ميانگين سن افراد نمونه اين تحقيق

به سن دانشجويان آمده است.هيستوگرام مربوط

ميانگين سني دانش آموزان مورد مطالعه -9 نمودار

هاي آن و زير بخش GHQميانگين نمرات آزمون 3در جدول شماره

مربوط به دانشجويان دختر و پسر در دو گروه آزمايش و كنترل قبل و بعد از

.آزمون آمده است

میزان عالقه

مجموع زیاد متوسط کم

جنسیت

50 23 21 6 پسر

50 31 16 3 دختر

100 54 37 9 مجموع

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.1(4؛ )1313سالمت. محوريت با اسالمي زندگي سبك

هدا آزمدون، تفداوت ميدانگين آزمون از پسميانگين پيشبا كسر نمرات بدست آمدند كه ميزان آنها در دو گدروه آزمدايش و كنتدرل در جددول زيدر

گردد.مشاهده مي

آزمون بر حسه گروههاآزمون و پسهاي پشتفاوت ميانگين -4جدول

نيز نمدرات ميدانگين آزمدون در دو گدروه آزمدايش و 2-1در نمودار شمارة كنترل، در پيش و پس آزمون نمايش داده شده است. همانطور كه مشداهده مي شود نمرات ميانگين پيش آزمون در دو گروه آزمايش و كنترل بده هدم

اند و ايدن بر روي هم منطبق شدهنزديك است و به اين دليل هم دو نمودار مورد نشان از انتخاب همسان و همانندد شددة دو گدروه آزمدايش و كنتدرل

شود گروه كنترل تغيير زيادي را آزمون نيز مشاهده ميباشد. در مورد پسميآزمون گدروه آزمدايش بده ميدزان قابدل تدوجهي نشان نداده در حاليكه پس

بايد از لحاظ آماري نيز بايد به تأييد كاهش نشان داده است. ولي اين مطله برسد.

ميانگين نمرات آزمون در دو گروه كنترل و آزمايش -2 نمودار

ها استفاده شده اسدت. آزمون مقايسه ميانگين براي آزمون اين فرض از

و به دليل اينكه آزمون شامل دو گدروه آزمدايش و كنتدرل مسدتقل از هدم

هاي مربوط به دو گروه مستقل اسدتفاده باشند از آزمون مقايسه ميانگينمي

كرده ايم.

تغییرات

AA BB CC DD TT گروه

09/79 66/5 57/4 27/5 5 آزمایش

07/1 07/9 69/9 04/9 -66/9 کنترل

آزمون

آزمونپس آزمونپیش گروه

A B C D T A B C D T

آزمایش

49/0 44/1 07/6 67/7 27/1 72 90/6 64/2 74/2 09/5 پسر

04/11 16/1 60/4 74/6 26/7 94/66 69/2 19 26/0 60/0 دختر

کنترل

70/70 07/6 60/0 07/6 26/6 16/69 67/2 26/0 40/2 69/5 پسر

00/70 60/4 69/0 09/2 40/0 69/67 17/6 17/0 44/0 07/0 دختر

پس آزمون -دانشجويان در قبل GHQميانگين نمرات -3جدول

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هاي توصيفي مربوط به فرضيه تحقيقآماره -5جدول

تفاوت تعداد گروه

میانگین

انحراف

معیار

میانگین

اشتباه

استاندارد

تفاوت میانگین

پس -)پیش

آزمون( آزمایش

50 20.9000 12.17601 1.72195

9.69508 4.91495 1.9200 50 کنترل

همانطور كه گفته شد فرض ما اين است كه طرح ضيافت در نمرات

بايست بين در گروه آزمايش تأثير گذاشته است. بنابراين مي GHQآزمون

آزمون تفاوت وجود داشته باشد. آزمون و پستفاوت نمرات ميانگين پيش

ها در دهد كه تغاوت ميانگينها در جدول اول نشان ميمقايسة ميانگين

17/12گروه آزمايش بيشتر است. به عبارت ديگر طرح ضيافت به اندازه

ميانگين نمرات آزمون كاسته است درحاليكه اين ميزان براي گروه نمره از

باشد كه در نمره مي 12/1اند هاي عادي دانشگاه را گذراندهكنترل كه برنامه

مقايسه با گروه آزمايش تفاوت زياد است.

آزمون براي سازة تفاوت ميانگين پيش و پس -6-1در جدول شمارة

شود كه رديف اول براي مقايسه دو گدروه مسدتقل بدا دو رديف مالحظه مي

دو گروه با فرض باشد و رديف دوم براي مقايسه فرض برابري واريانسها مي

Levene's Test for )باشد. قسمت اول جددول نابرابري واريانسها مي

Equality of Variances) كند كه از كدام رديدف ما را راهنمايي مي

باشد، از رديدف اول و اگدر از 25/2باالتر از (P-Value)استفاده كنيم اگر

كنديم. در ايدن تحقيدق متغيدر تر باشد، از رديف دوم استفاده ميپايين 25/2

پس آزمون( اسدت بايدد -)در پيش GHQوابسته ما تفاوت ميانگين نمرات

هاي آزمايشي و كنترل تفاوتي از نظر نمرات مشخص كنيم كه آيا بين گروه

بداالتر (P-Value)دهد كه قسمت اول جدول نشان مي وجود دارد يا خير.

هدا برابدر نيسدتند لدذا از رديدف اول اسدتفاده است يعندي واريدانس 25/2از

است. پس 25/2باشد كه پايين تر از مي 222/2در اين مرحله Sigكنيم. مي

تفداوت GHQتوان گفت كه بين گروه آزمايش و كنترل از نظر نمدرات مي

دارد و گروه آزمدايش داراي تفداوت بيشدتري هسدتند. بده داري وجودمعني

عبارت ديگر طرح ضيافت به عنوان مداخله تفاوت بيشتري ايجاد كرده است.

نمدره 17/12را بده انددازه GHQبه اين نحو كه ميانگين نمدرات آزمدون

گيرد.كاهش داده است. پس فرض تحقيق مورد تأييد آماري قرار مي

t-test for Equality of Means Levene's Test for

Equality of

Variances

فاصلة اطمینان از 55%

انحراف

انحراف

اشتباه

استاندارد

انحراف

میانگین

Sig.

(2-

tailed)

df t Sig F

پایین تر باالتر

فرض برابري 21.077 000. 10.221 98 000. 18.98000 1.85694 15.29496 22.66504

هاواريانس

فرض 10.221 64.555 000. 18.98000 1.85694 15.27094 22.68906

نابرابري

هاواريانس

ها براي فرضيه تحقيقآزمون مقايسه ميانگين -6جدول

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و همكاران هپور فيضي

.1(4؛ )1313سالمت. محوريت با اسالمي زندگي سبك

بحث و نتيجه گيری

زش و پرورش، دين و سالمت سده حدوزه بسديار مهدم جوامدع انسداني آمو

محسوب مي شدند. در سالهاي اخير، روانشناسان به ديدن بده عندوان يدك

نيروي خارق العاده اي كه به انسان قدرت معنوي مي بخشد و او را در برابر

سختي ها و شدايد حفظ كرده و از اضطراب و نگراني دور مي سازد نگريسته

اين بيشتر به اين دليل بوده است كه پژوهش هاي تجربي نيز از ارتباط اند و

. نتدايج (12)رفتارهاي مذهبي و افزايش سالمت روان حمايت كدرده اسدت

تحقيق حاضر نشان دادند كه طرح ضديافت انديشده قرآندي كده تركيبدي از

آموزش دروس دانشگاهي و آموزش قرآن به همراه فعاليت هاي ديندي مدي

، تاثير مثبتي در ارتقاي سطح سالمت روان دانشجويان شدركت كنندده باشد

داشته است. نتايج بررسي هاي انجام شده در چنين زمينه هايي حاكي از آن

است كه رفتارهاي مذهبي از جمله حضور در اماكن مذهبي و بهره مندي از

د حمايت هاي عاطفي و اجتماعي اثر مثبتي را در ارتقاي سدالمت روان افدرا

و فرضيه تحقيق را مورد تاييد قرار مي دهندد. تحقيقداتي نشدان (11)دارد

-12)داده اند كه فعاليت هاي ديني با سالمت و بهزيستي افراد رابطده دارد

(، نشان دادند كه شركت در مراسدم 1117. نيلمن، هال رن، لئون و ليوايز)(14

فعاليت هاي عبادي با سالمت و . (15)مذهبي، اضطراب را كاهش مي دهد

بهزيستي افراد رابطه دارند. دين عالوه بدر نگدرش، ايمدان و محبدت، داراي

. (16) جنبه عملي و عبادي نيز هست

.(17)حاكي از تاييد فرضيه اين تحقيق مي باشد بررسي هاي هاديانفرد نيز

يكي از علل شادكامي در شخصيت هاي شاد دنيا به كار بدردن ارزش هداي

به منظدور بررسدي رابطده .(12)معنوي يا مذهبي در مسيرهاي مثبت است

سالمت »با « سرسختي روان شناختي»و « نگرش مذهبي»، «هويت ديني»

نفر از معتكفان مرد، در مسجد قدس و 16معتكفان شهر رشت، تعداد « روان

بده شديوه تصدادفي سداده بدراي زن در مسجد امام رضا)ع( در شهر رشدت

هاي هويت ديني، نگرش مذهبي، تحقيق انتخاب شدند، معتكفان، پرسشنامه

شناختي و سالمت رواندي را بده همدراه پرسشدنامه جمعيدت سرسختي روان

يك گروهي و دو tهاي استخراج شده با آزمون شناختي تكميل كردند. داده

ون چندگانه به شيوه گام گروهي، ضريه همبستگي پيرسون و تحليل رگرسي

هداي به گام مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان داد كه آزمدودني

شدناختي و تحقيق از لحاظ هويت ديندي، نگدرش مدذهبي، سرسدختي روان

تر از جمعيت عدادي برخوردارندد و در حدد سالمت رواني از وضعيتي مناسه

نگرش مذهبي و سرسدختي هاي هويت ديني،مطلوب قرار دارند. بين مؤلفه

.(11) دار وجود داردشناختي با سالمت روان رابطه معناروان

پيشنهادات:

بر اساس اظهارات دانشجويان شركت كننده در اين تحقيق، احتمال داده مي

شود كه دليل باال بودن ميانگين نمرات دانشجويان گروه آزمدايش و كنتدرل

در پيش آزمون هاي پرسشنامه سالمت روان بدين دليل باشدد كده فاصدله

روز( بين اتمام فصل امتحانات ترم قبل و شدروع 6-4كوتاهي)حدود زماني

طرح ضيافت انديشه وجود داشت و هندوز دانشدجويان از شدرايط سدخت و

نگراني هاي موجود، خارج نشده بودندد. بده عبدارت ديگدر، شدرايط روحدي

دانشجويان هنوز تحت تاثير استرس ها و كم خوابي هداي دوران امتحاندات

روانشناسي نيز مورد پذيرش مي باشد. ليكن بر اسداس نتدايج بود كه از نظر

تحقيق حاضر مالحظه گرديد كه مداخله اي به شكل تركيبي از فعاليت هاي

معنوي و روانشناختي مدي تواندد سدالمت روان دانشدجو را -آموزشي، ديني

ارتقاء بخشد. بر همين اساس پيشنهاد مي گردد كه طرح هداي آموزشدي بدا

معنوي و روانشناختي بويژه بدا تاكيدد بدر -حوزه آموزشي، ديني 3تركيبي از

آموزش متمايل به دانشجو محور )به جاي استاد محدور( و برقدراري ارتبداط

موثر بين اساتيد و مسئولين محترم با دانشجويان در دانشدگاه هدا برگدزار و

بعنوان تحقيقات علمي، تاثير بر سدالمت روان، اضدطراب، انگيدزه پيشدرفت

لي، شادماني و ... نيز مورد بررسي قرار گيرند.تحصي

تقدير و تشكر:

بدينوسيله از كليه مسئولين و همكاران محترم طرح ضيافت انديشه قرآني در

دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اروميه كه در اجراي اين طرح تحقيقاتي مدا را يداري

فيدق و فرمودند، نهايت تشكر و قدرداني را مي نماييم و از خداوند متعدال تو

سالمتي براي ايشان آرزومنديم.

مقاله، به متن انگيسي مراجعه شود.براي مشاهده منابع اين

45

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The translated version of: http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ilch.12179

Copyright © 2013, Quran & Etrat Center, The Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Published by Kowsar Corp. This is an Open Access article

distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2102دراسة أ ثر مرشوع ضيافة الفكر القرأ ين عىل الصحة النفس ية لطالب جامعة أ رومية للعلوم الطبية رمضان

ادلكتور أ محد زينايل 0، هايدة فييض بور 2،*، ادلكتور همدي فتايح 3، ليدا كوره الكين 4، همدي فتايح 5

دكتوراه يف الفزيايء الطبية، وانئب الثقايف هيئة التدريس يف جامعة العلوم الطبية، أ ورميا 0

دارة اخلدمات الطالبية للعلوم الطبية 2 ماجس تري يف عمل النفس الرتبوي، جامعة ا

لكيات الطب، مدير جامعة الشؤون الثقافية للعلوم الطبية 3

النفس العام، وهو طبيب نفساين يف قسم اخلدمات الطالبية جامعة للعلوم الطبيةماجس تري يف عمل 4

ماجس تري يف العلوم الاجامتعية، جامعة بيام نور 5

* Corresponding author: Hayedeh Feizi Pour, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9141469658, E-mail:

[email protected]

Received: October 29, 2013; Accepted: August 31, 2014

ىل ادلين عىل أ نه قوة غري ع : اخللفيات و ال هداف ادية يعترب ادلين و الصحة جمالني هامني للغاية يف اجملمتعات البرشية. يف الس نوات ال خرية، نظر علامء النفس ا

وتصونه مقابل املصاعب و الشدائد و تبعده عن الاضطراب و القلق. مرشوع ضيافة الفكر مزجي من تعلمي ادلروس اجلامعية و ال نشطة متنح ال نسان قوة معنوية

ادلينية. ادلراسة احلالية يه دلراسة تأ ثري مرشوع تعلمي ضيافة الفكر القرأ ين عىل الصحة النفس ية للطالب.

( املكتشف من قبل غدلبرغ و هيلري. عينة ال حصاءات GHQ-22املس تخدمة يف هذا البحث، اس تطالع الصحة النفس ية )ال داة : ال دواة و أ سلوب العمل

خشص، مخسون طالبًا من الطالب اخملتارين بشلك عشوايئ من ثالث صفوف تضم أ ربعني خشصًا مكجموعة اختبار. 211املس تخدمة يف هذا البحث من بني

-tفتاة( من الطالب ادلارسني بشلك اعتيادي يف اجلامعة. مت اس تخدام الاختبار ال حصايئ ) 25شااًب و 25خشصًا ) 51حمك بعدد كذكل مت اختيار مجموعة الت

test.جملموعتني منفصلتني يف طريقة ال حصاء )

وع ضيافة الفكر مؤثر يف زايدة الصحة أ شارت معطيات البحث ا ىل أ ن اختالف املتوسطات يف مجموعيت الاختبار و التحمك ذو معىن، وأ ن مرش : املعطيات

النفس ية دلى الطالب املشاركني.

بناًء عىل ادلراسات املتبعة أ عاله ميكن الاس تنتاج أ نه ميكن اس تخدام العوامل والسلوكيات املذهبية كعامل لتحسني الصحة النقاش و الاس تنتاج الاس تنتاج :

النفس ية.

الصحة العقلية؛ القرأ ن الكرمي ؛ أ فاكر وتصممي حفالت : اللكامت املفتاحية

46