the effect of fictional media on future cybercrime. presented by jessica eastell and peter lowery...
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The Effect of Fictional Media on Future Cybercrime. Presented by Jessica Eastell and Peter Lowery
15/05/2015 Jessica Eastell and Peter Lowery
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Background
• What defines factual media?
• Types of fictional media
• Games
• TV
• Films
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Potential influences
• Difficult to predict
• Lots of possibilities
• Main influences from the research
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Is it real? - Games
• Watch_Dogs
• Cars
• Cash Machines
• Traffic lights
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Is it real? - Games
• Cars
• Examined the Controller Area Network (CAN)
• Able to control:
• Display & Radio
• Body controller & Environment
• Engine & Breaks
• Wireless access through tyre pressure monitoring system
• 10m with a basic antenna / 40m with a low noise amplifier
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Is it real? - Games
• Cash Machines
• Physical access needed
• Independent cash machines
• Tyupkin malware
• Machines pre-infected
• Activated through keypad
• Barnaby Jack - Jackpotting
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Is it real? - Games
• Traffic lights
• Signals intercepted for about $100
• Vulnerable systems have no encryption or authentication
• Accessed from a drone 650 feet above
• Possible from up to two miles away
• Electric road signs
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Is it real? - TV
• Homeland
• Vice President is killed through pacemaker hacking
• Influences:
• In 2007 Dick Cheney had his pacemaker’s wireless capabilities disabled
• Barnaby Jack’s research into Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs)
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Is it real? - TV
• Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs)• Pacemakers
• 830-volt shock from 50 feet away
• Serial and model numbers
• No documented direct uses
• “could definitely result in fatalities”
• Insulin Pumps
• In 2010 an insulin pump was hacked from 100 feet away
• Dump The entire contents
• Prevent the insulin being distributed
• Barnaby Jack managed to improve on this
• 300 feet away without the pump ID
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Is it real? - Films
• Interstellar
• Drone hacked in mid-air
• Skyfall
• Gas explosion targeted government building
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Is it real? - Films
• Drone hacking
• The Pentagon is deploying “Electronic Armour”
• After downing of a U.S. RQ-170 military drone in Iran
• Claimed to be a cyber-attack
• Samy Kamkar has engineered SkyJack
• Control a drone with other drones
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Is it real? - Films
• Gas explosions
• SCADA systems
• “Stuxnet” influence
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The CSI Effect
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The CSI Effect
• Is the effect in which an individual believes that the forensic science in crime show television programmes are completely true
• Coined in the year 2000
• This affects criminals as well as the average layperson
• Should crime shows be more factual?• New CSI Cyber
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Crime Shows
• People have the appeal of working out the suspect in a crime show
• Because of this:• Crime shows are easy to follow• Easy to determine the suspect
• The investigation has to fit inside an episode• Quick and easy
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Cyber Crime in fictional television shows
• New CSI Cyber• Cyber criminals are more dangerous than ordinary killers• Nothing connected to the internet is safe from hackers
• First episode contained baby monitors being hacked• Episodes about the Internet of Things
• The cyber-crime from these shows get taken out of the news• “I keep thinking if I could just turn in one hacker at a time, nothing
like that will ever happen again”• Main Characters behavioural psychology practice got hacked and all of the
records got stolen
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RFC 1392: Internet Users’ Glossary
• Hacker• “A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the
internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular. The term is often misused in a pejorative context, where "cracker" would be the correct term.”
• Cracker• “an individual who attempts to access computer systems without
authorization. These individuals are often malicious, as opposed to hackers, and have many means at their disposal for breaking into a system.”
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“I keep thinking if I could just turn in one hacker at a time, nothing like that will ever happen again”
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The Factual Media (Media Effect)
• People have access to factual news throughout their daily lives
• The average person relies heavily on the news• Can be accessed through many sources 24/7 across the globe
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• Hacking is used instead of cracking• Become well known
• Has it become the correct term?
• The media is known for over sensationalising topics• If the information is wrong
• Audience will get a false representation of the topic
• Opinions of the writers is critical
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The Tech Effect
• Impact which advances in science and technology have on various aspects of culture
• Comparing the real life technology with the fictional technology
• Police don’t have the technologies that are available in the fictional television shows
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In CSI Cyber
• Malware software which changes colour when malware has been identified
• If only it was that easy
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The Inverse CSI Effect
As Richard Overill rightly pointed out:
Crime shows broadcast onto television screens not only effect the average layperson and jury members but also criminals
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• Criminals who would be frequent watchers of CSI shows
• Change their MO in two ways• To fit the hackers on the television show
• To become more discreet and restrict their activities• Cybercrime much harder to detect and find the suspect
• To stop their criminal activities • Television shows depict cybercrime solving as easy and
effortless
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Does the CSI Effect exist?
• Research is conflicting
• No substantial evidence to suggest the CSI Effect exists
• CSI Effect is a small factor, which without other factors would not require attention
• Tech Effect• Media Effect
• If criminals are not effected by television shows what are they effected by?
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Influence on future crime
• How would you know?• Conduct Surveys
• Increase in Documentaries / factual programs• More factual means more people know how to “hack”
• Will that influence more cyber crime and cyber attacks
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What can be done
• Education• Good for the average person• Bad for potential Criminals• Education on Jury members
• Before they go into court
• CSI Effect in digital evidence will increase in the next 10 years
• Digital Forensics and cyber-crime is relatively new in the television industry
• Both positive and negative
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Questions?
• Jessica – [email protected]
• Peter – [email protected]
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