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The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

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Page 1: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet

Mass -- 6 x 1027 gm (6 x 1024 kg)

Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.)

Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm3

Surface -- 71% water

Page 2: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Interior

Crust

Mantle

Core

Densities – crust < 3 gm/cm3

-- mantle 3.5 gm/cm3 ?

Very dense core ~ 15 gm/cm3 Fe/Ni

Outer core – molten (5000-7000K)

Inner core – solid ~ 7000K

Rotating molten core produces magnetic field

Why ? – differentiation of elements

Page 3: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Age Dating of Earth

Radioactive decay -- uranium, plutonium, thorium

U238 Pb206

Th232 Pb208 using known half-life

Rocks on Earth -- newly formed to ~ 3.5 - 4 x 109 yrs

Oldest Moon rocks – 4.5 – 4.6 x 109 yrs

Page 4: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Our Active Earth – Plate Tectonics or Continental Drift

Page 5: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water
Page 6: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Consequences– earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building

Page 7: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

San Andreas Fault

Page 8: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water
Page 9: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Caused by convective currents in mantle transfers heat to crust

Page 10: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

The Earth at Night

Page 11: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

The Earth and Moon as a Double Planet

Mmoon/Mearth = 0.012 (1/80th)

Rmoon/Rearth = 0.27 (1/4th)

Largest in Solar System

Page 12: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Surface Features Craters

Mare

Highlands

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astron.kharkov.ua/dslpp/moon/pic/2n-1508.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.astron.kharkov.ua/dslpp/moon/photometry/phase_dependence.htm&h=921&w=921&sz=43&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UosjXgOYcogBxM:&tbnh=147&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLunar%2BSurface%2B%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
Page 13: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Origin of the Moon

Sister planet – by fission

Co-accretion – at same distance, same material

Capture – not dynamically feasible

Current theory – massive collision – computer modeling

Page 14: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Lunar rocks and soil samples

Page 15: The Earth as a Terrestrial Planet Mass -- 6 x 10 27 gm (6 x 10 24 kg) Size -- diameter 12,756 km (eq.) Density – mean 5.5 gm/cm 3 Surface -- 71% water

Age Dating Lunar rocks and soil samples

Mare – 3.8 x 109 yrs

Highlands – 4.3 – 4.6 x 109 yrs

What does this imply?


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