the early middle ages. the middle ages (400-1500 ce) after the fall of the western roman empire,...
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The Early Middle Ages
The Middle Ages (400-1500 CE)
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe went through DISORDER and CHANGE!
Development of Western Culture Classical heritage of Rome
Christian beliefs
Customs of Germanic tribes
Middle Ages or Medieval Period – Middle of what?
German Invasions c. 500 C.E
Running From Huns
South: Ostrogoths, Vandals
England: Angles and Saxons
Germany: Franks
Spain: Visigoths
Europe c. 500 C.E.
Anglo-Saxonsc.420 CE
EnglandFrom Denmark
& Germany
Conquer Britons
Splintered kingdoms
Increasing Power of Church
Priests are educated class St. Benedict – monasticism
Convert Germanic tribes St. Patrick – Ireland St. Boniface – Germany
Serve religious & social needs Power over kings & nobles
Excommunication
Frankish Rulersand the Rise of Feudalism
Clovis and the Merovingians
Clovis (481-511)
Conquered France (called Gaul)
Converted to Christianity
Founder of Merovingian dynasty
Invasions disrupt trade
Lords and Knights provide protection Manors
Towns decline
Feudalism strengthened
Rise of Feudalism
Manorial System (economy)
Manor
Large farming estate
Support Lord and knights
Peasants (serfs) work land
Part for self /part for lord
Medieval Manor
Feudalism (political and social system)
Lords – leader/higher rank Grant land (fief) to vassal
Vassal lower lord promises loyalty and military service to lord
Knights
Serfs Peasants legally bound to land
Knights
Heavily armored
horses
lances
Disadvantages
expensive
long training
Chivalry
Code of behavior
Courage, fairness, loyalty, courteous
Carolingian Dynasty
Charles Martel (The Hammer)Battle of Tours (732 CE)
Pepin the Short
Gets Pope’s support
Becomes King of Franks
Took Italy from Lombards
Gives land to Pope (Papal States)
Son is Charles…the Great
Charlemagne 768-814 CE
Wants to unite all Christian lands and create a “new Roman Empire”
Includes most of Western Europe
Anointed Holy Roman Emperor Crowned on Christmas day in 800
Byzantines protest
HRE lasts from 800 to 1806 CE!!
more Charlemagne…
Government and Culture
All must accept Christianity
Supports learning• Churches, roads, and schools
Roaming judges check on empire
New Bible
Which figure – Charlemagne or Pope Leo III - is depicted as more powerful in this French illustration from the 1300s?
Why might that be so?
Pope Leo III
Charlemagne
Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid exchanging gifts - Franks: Spanish horses, cloaks, hunting dogs Abassids: silks, perfume, a water clock, and an albino elephant named Abul Abbas
Yep, still Charlemagne
Death in 814 843 - Treaty of Verdun splits empire among 3 grandsons
France, Germany, Italy
Progress ruined by Vikings Feudalism follows
InvasionsVikings by boat c. 700 to 1100 CE
From Scandanavia
Attack all over Europe• Along coast and sail up rivers
Settle in Russia, Britain, France
Magyars on horseback c. 893 CE
From Hungary
Pillage from Greece to Spain
Knights stop invasions
Both convert to Christianity St. Stephen I First King of Hungary
The
End