the dummies’ guide to baking ingredients · 2 baker’s percent • baker’s way of confusing...
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The Dummies’ Guide to Baking Ingredients
By Lin Carson, PhDCEO/Founder, BAKERpedia
Presented at the American Society of Baking Young Professionals Webinar Series
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Baker’s percent
• Baker’s way of confusing food scientists• Doesn’t really make sense to anyone else but the baker
• Based on flour weight• Ease of dosage
• Dough conditioners• Baker’s percent is only used in baking systems that do not
contain high amount of fiber and other non-wheat flours or grains.
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Flour• Wheat Flour–Types of wheat
• Hard Wheat–Bread, pizza, bagels
• Soft Wheat–Cookies, cakes, pastries
• Flour Quality• Soft wheat - lower protein
quality and quantity• Hard wheat - higher protein
quality and quantity• Why is flour important?• Over 50% of formulas
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Flour
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Wheat kernel makes up of• Carbohydrates 80%–Amylose–Amylopectin–pentosans
• Protein 15%–Gluten•Gliadin•Glutenins
• Fat 3%–Germ
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Other Flour Source
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• Gluten containing grains
• Rye
• Triticale
• Spelt
• Non-gluten containing grains & seeds
• Sorghum
• Oat
• Maize
• Rice
• Flax
• Quinoa
• Amanranth
• Buckwheat
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• pH• Plasticizer• Water absorption• Water activity• Moisture• Water source
Water
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Fat/Shortening• Animal
• Lard• Dairy
• Butter• Cream• Cream cheese
• Plant• Liquid oil
• corn, soy, olive• Solid fat
• palm, ghee, coconut,cocoa butter• Alpha - beta fats
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Leavening systems
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• Chemical leavening –Acid/base reaction –Leavening acids –Neutralizing values (fast vs slow)
• Yeast –Cake –Dry –Cream/liquid
• Sourdough –Flour microflora –aroma
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SaltFunctions more than just taste• Flavor• Strengthener• Fermentation
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Sugar
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• Functions as:• Flavor• Sweetener• Browning• Tenderizer• Shelf life extender
• Types• Sugar Crystals
• Brown• Confectioner’s• Granulated• Castor
• Liquid• High Fructose Corn Syrup• Invert sugar• Honey• Rice syrup
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pH modulators
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• Function–Shelf life extension–Manipulate function of dough–Leavening
• Types–Vinegar–Cultured wheat–Acids–Bases
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Fiber• Fiber is a plant based cellulose material• Types:
• Soluble• Insoluble
• High fiber definition• 4g fiber/serving• FDA approved sources
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Dough Conditioners• Consistent outcome and quality• Mechanical dough processing• Optimizing supply chain• Types
• Oxidizing agents• Reducing agents
• Yeast nutrients• pH modulators• Emulsifiers• Enzymes• Wheat gluten
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• Function• Foaming• Emulsification• Strength• Aroma• Texture• Nutritional value
Egg
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Dairy• NFDM
• heat treated• Milk• Buttermilk• Evaporated milk• Cream cheese• Whey• Aroma • Soft and fluffy texture• Increases protein%• Better shelf life
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Chocolate• Flavor• Quantity of cocoa butter• Types
• Chocolate liquor• Blocks/chips• Powder
• Dutched
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Others
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• Artificial/natural flavors• Preservatives• Shelf life extenders• Sprouted and soaked grains• Inclusions• Chocolate/flavored chips• Extruded cereals• Dried fruit
• Other ingredients
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