The Duel for North The Duel for North AmericaAmerica

1689 - 1763

New FranceNew France Edict of Nantes in 1598 - Edict of Nantes in 1598 -

ended religious wars in ended religious wars in France.France.

French found New France - French found New France - Quebec in 1608.Quebec in 1608.

Jacques Jacques CartierCartier

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain

The “Father of The “Father of New France”New France”

French influence in the New French influence in the New WorldWorld

French traders French traders and explorers and explorers made pacts made pacts with the with the Huron Indians Huron Indians of the lower of the lower Great Lakes.Great Lakes.

French CanadaFrench Canada

The Iroquois, enemies of The Iroquois, enemies of the Huron, became enemies the Huron, became enemies of the French.of the French.

French fur French fur traders, the traders, the Coureurs de Coureurs de BoisBois and and VoyageursVoyageurs, lived , lived among and among and intermarried intermarried with the Native with the Native Americans.Americans.

Jesuit Jesuit missionaries missionaries sought, often sought, often forcibly, to forcibly, to convert the convert the Indians to Indians to Catholicism. Catholicism.

FrenchFrenchVoyageuVoyageurr

Robert de la SalleRobert de la Salle 1682 - French explorer de la 1682 - French explorer de la

Salle canoed down the Salle canoed down the Mississippi searching for the Mississippi searching for the mouth of the river.mouth of the river.

He failed to find the opening He failed to find the opening through the delta and was through the delta and was killed in Texas in 1687.killed in Texas in 1687.

French ExpansionFrench Expansion 1701 - Louis XIV orders the 1701 - Louis XIV orders the

establishment of the colony of establishment of the colony of Louisiana and settlements in Louisiana and settlements in the interior.the interior.

Detroit founded on Lake Detroit founded on Lake Huron by Antoine CadillacHuron by Antoine Cadillac

The First World WarsThe First World Wars

1688 - 97 --- The War of the 1688 - 97 --- The War of the League of Augsburg (King League of Augsburg (King William’s War)William’s War)

1701 - 1713 --- The War of 1701 - 1713 --- The War of the Spanish Succession (Queen the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War)Anne’s War)

1713 - Treaty of Utrecht 1713 - Treaty of Utrecht ends Queen Anne's Warends Queen Anne's War

England gains Acadia, England gains Acadia, renamed Nova Scotia, New renamed Nova Scotia, New Foundland and Hudson’s Bay Foundland and Hudson’s Bay

Period of “Salutary Neglect” Period of “Salutary Neglect” begins in Americabegins in America

1739 - War of Jenkin's Ear1739 - War of Jenkin's Ear

war fought between Spain and war fought between Spain and England over trade rights.England over trade rights.

1740 - 48 -- War of the 1740 - 48 -- War of the Austrian Succession.Austrian Succession.

(King George’s War)(King George’s War) Spain and France fight Spain and France fight

EnglandEngland

1740 - Oglethorpe’s raid on St. 1740 - Oglethorpe’s raid on St. Augustine fails.Augustine fails.

1744 - Lancaster Treaty.1744 - Lancaster Treaty. Treaty signed with Indians in Treaty signed with Indians in

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

1745 - 1745 - New England New England

troops capture troops capture Fort Louisbourg Fort Louisbourg on the St. on the St. Lawrence RiverLawrence River

1748 1748

Ohio Company of Virginia Ohio Company of Virginia founded.founded.

Land sought in the Ohio Land sought in the Ohio Valley.Valley.

1748 -- Treaty of Aix-la- 1748 -- Treaty of Aix-la- ChapelleChapelle

ends the War of the Austrian ends the War of the Austrian Succession.Succession.

Ft. Louisbourg returned to Ft. Louisbourg returned to France - New England is France - New England is outraged.outraged.

1753 1753

Susquehanna Company Susquehanna Company founded.founded.

George Washington’s first George Washington’s first mission to the Ohio Valley.mission to the Ohio Valley.

Americans continue Americans continue settling in disputed settling in disputed Ohio territory.Ohio territory.

French answer by French answer by building a string of building a string of forts.forts.

17541754

Virginians sent to build fort at Virginians sent to build fort at site of modern Pittsburgh site of modern Pittsburgh (chosen by young surveyor (chosen by young surveyor George Washington). George Washington).

The site is the confluence of The site is the confluence of the Monongahela and the Monongahela and Allegheny that form the Ohio Allegheny that form the Ohio River.River.

This is seen as an act of war This is seen as an act of war by France, who already had by France, who already had its own fort there -- Ft. its own fort there -- Ft. Duquesne.Duquesne.

Virginia militia under Virginia militia under Washington open fire on Washington open fire on French troops -- starting the French troops -- starting the French and Indian War.French and Indian War.

The French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754 - 1763)(1754 - 1763) Washington is defeated in his Washington is defeated in his

first battle - July 4, 1754 at first battle - July 4, 1754 at Fort Necessity.Fort Necessity.

Fort Necessity TodayFort Necessity Today

Colonists meet at Colonists meet at Albany Congress Albany Congress to arrange a to arrange a common defense common defense -- Ben Franklin -- Ben Franklin publishes cartoon publishes cartoon “Join, or Die.”“Join, or Die.”

Only seven out of thirteen Only seven out of thirteen colonies sent delegates to the colonies sent delegates to the conference.conference.

Join or DieJoin or Die

The initial purpose was to keep The initial purpose was to keep the Iroquois on the side of the the Iroquois on the side of the British. British.

Franklin’s “Albany Plan of Franklin’s “Albany Plan of Union” is agreed to by the Union” is agreed to by the delegates but rejected by the delegates but rejected by the colonial legislatures and the colonial legislatures and the English Parliament.English Parliament.

1755 -- Braddock Blunders1755 -- Braddock Blunders General Braddock’s “redcoats” General Braddock’s “redcoats”

and colonial “buckskins” are and colonial “buckskins” are routed again at Fort Dusquesne. routed again at Fort Dusquesne.

Braddock is mortally wounded.Braddock is mortally wounded. British force 4,000 French British force 4,000 French

Acadians to move to Louisiana.Acadians to move to Louisiana.

British British RedcoatsRedcoats

1756 1756

French capture Fort French capture Fort OswegoOswego

Earl of Loudoun assumes Earl of Loudoun assumes command of British command of British Colonial forcesColonial forces

British forces fail in British forces fail in attempts to invade attempts to invade Canada.Canada.

Indian raids into colonies Indian raids into colonies and military defeats and military defeats followed until 1757.followed until 1757.

French RegularsFrench Regulars

1757 1757

William Pitt becomes British William Pitt becomes British Prime Minister - reorganizes Prime Minister - reorganizes the army.the army.

1757 - French take Fort 1757 - French take Fort William Henry.William Henry.

1758 - British capture 1758 - British capture Forts Louisbourg, Forts Louisbourg, Frontenac and Frontenac and DusquesneDusquesne

1759 - 1759 - Iroquois Iroquois agree to agree to aid British aid British forces.forces.

The Battle of QuebecThe Battle of Quebec

British take Quebec in British take Quebec in 1759 - General Wolfe dies 1759 - General Wolfe dies in the battle on the Plains in the battle on the Plains of Abraham. of Abraham.

French General Montcalm French General Montcalm is also killed. is also killed.

The Death of General WolfeThe Death of General Wolfe

Montreal falls in 1760.Montreal falls in 1760. Paris Peace Treaty (1763) gives Paris Peace Treaty (1763) gives

all French territory east of the all French territory east of the Mississippi to England -- Spain Mississippi to England -- Spain takes Louisiana, England gets takes Louisiana, England gets Florida.Florida.

Friction between England Friction between England and the Coloniesand the Colonies

American colonists felt they American colonists felt they had defeated the French and had defeated the French and Indians and looked down on Indians and looked down on English regular army. English regular army.

Western ExpansionWestern Expansion

Americans wanted to settle Americans wanted to settle new lands acquired in the war.new lands acquired in the war.

Settlers begin pouring into Settlers begin pouring into western New York and western New York and Pennsylvania and along the Pennsylvania and along the upper Ohio river. upper Ohio river.

Watersheds and the Importance of theOhio River.

Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War

Indians, led by Ottawa chief Indians, led by Ottawa chief Pontiac, resisted white Pontiac, resisted white settlements and attacked settlements and attacked British forts.British forts.

Proclamation Line of 1763Proclamation Line of 1763 British refused British refused

to allow to allow settlement settlement across the across the Appalachians - Appalachians - by the by the Proclamation Proclamation of 1763.of 1763.

British Parliament wanted the British Parliament wanted the settlers to help pay for the cost settlers to help pay for the cost of the war.of the war.

Americans meeting and Americans meeting and fighting together in the war fighting together in the war realized their similarities.realized their similarities.