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TheDoorofNoReturn:AnIntroductiontotheAfricanSlaveTrade
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WhatistheTransatlanticSlaveTrade?• Thetransatlanticslave
trade,wasthetrading,primarilyofAfricanpeople,tothecoloniesoftheNewWorldthatoccurredinandaroundtheAtlanticOcean.
• Slaveryhadexistedforthousandsofyears,butthisperiodsawthemostwidespreadandsystematicform.
Whoparticipatedinthetransatlanticslavetrade?
• England• France• Portugal• Spain• Netherlands• UnitedStates• Brazil• VariousAfricanKingdoms
Whendiditoccur?
• ThePortuguesestartedenslavingAfricansinthemid-1400’sbybringingAfricansbacktoPortugal.
• Thetransatlanticslavetrade(meaning“acrosstheAtlantic”)beganin1503,whentheSpanishbroughtthefirstslavestothe“NewWorld.”
• Officiallylasteduntil1831whenBrazilwasthelastcountrytobanthetrade.
• Forapproximately400yearsAfricanswereenslavedandshippedacrosstheAtlanticOcean.
Whydidthetradebegin?• Europeansbeganexploringand
settlingin“theNewWorld”andtheyneededalaborforcethat:– couldhelpbuildsettlements– hadexperiencewithagriculture– wereresistanttotropicaldiseases
• TheindigenouspopulationwasnotresistanttoEuropeandiseasesandtheydiedoffquicklyandinlargenumbers.
• Europeanindenturedservantswereused,buttherewerenotenoughtosustainthelargeagriculturalplantations.
Whatisthetriangletrade?• Asystemoftradebetween
Europe,theAmericas,andAfrica.
• SlavesfromAfricaweretradedforrawmaterialsfromtheAmericas.
• TherawmaterialsfromtheAmericaswerebroughttoEuropetomakemanufacturedgoods.
• ManufacturedgoodswerebroughtfromEuropetoAfricatoexchangeforslaves.
WheredidtheSlavescomefrom?• Slaveswereinitiallysourcedin
Senegambia andtheWindwardCoast.
• Later,muchofthetrademovedtowest-centralAfrica
• EuropeansusuallyboughtenslavedpeoplewhowerecapturedduringwarsbetweenAfricanstates.
• TherewerealsoAfricanswhohadmadeabusinessoutofcapturingotherAfricansandsellingthem.
• SometimesEuropeansorganizedtheirownslaveraids.
HowmanyAfricanswerebroughttotheNewWorld?
• Manyscholarsbelievethatapproximately11millionAfricanswereenslaved.
• Thesenumbersarestillhotlydebatedtoday,withsomeestimatesaslowas9millionpeopleandsomeashigh28million.
• Thesenumbersdon’tincludethenumberofAfricanswhodiedbeforereachingtheNewWorld.
SlaveCastles
• Called“WarehousesofBlackHumanity.”
• Whatdoyouthinkthismeans?
CapeCoastSlaveCastle,Ghana
SlaveCastles• Capturedslaveswerebrought
tocastlesorfortsonthecoastwheretheywereloadedontoshipsboundfortheNewWorld
• Dungeonsheldhundredsofpeopleatatime
• Nobathingfacilities
• Peopleslept,ate,andusedthebathroominthesamespace.
• Poorlyventilated– terriblesmell
CapeCoastCastleDungeon
SlaveCastles
• Stayedindungeonforfourtosixweeks
• Menandwomenwereseparated.
• Theslavecastleservedtobreakthespiritoftheenslavedbeforebeingsentacrosstheocean.
DoorofNoReturn
FamousSlaveCastles
• ElminaCastle• CapeCoastCastle• GoreeIsland• JamesIsland
Sources• BBCNews
– http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1523100.stm
• About.com– http://africanhistory.about.com/od/slavery/tp/TransAtlantic001.htm?p=1
• LASentinel– http://www.lasentinel.net/African-Slave-Castles.html
• Klein,Herbert.TheAtlanticslavetrade.CambridgeUnivPr,1999.Print.