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EIVD]WIUY UDGCJIQTDW FO]

RI]DKDWW GOLLTJIGAUIOJ  

^rdsdjtde My0

Mieci Walajtray

1>11>16>49

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GOJUDJUW1. Ijtroeugtioj

=. Jdde of Eivdrsity

7. Gkassifigatioj of Eivdrsity

5. Eivdrsity Udgcjiquds

a) Frdqudjgy Eivdrsity

m) Uild Eivdrsityg) ^okarizatioj Eivdrsity

e) Wpagd Eivdrsity

I. Wdkdgtioj Eivdrsity

II. Fddemagh Eivdrsity

III. Laxilak ratio Golmijijb

IV. Dquak Baij Golmijijb 4. Gojgkusioj

6. ]dfdrdjgd

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IJU]OETGUIOJ

Eivdrsity is a powdrfuk gollujigatioj tdgcjiqud.

It provieds wirdkdss kijh ilprovdldjt at rdkativdky kow

gost.

It dxpkoits tcd rajeol jaturd of raeio propabatioj my

fijeijb ijedpdjedjt sibjak patc for gollujigatioj.

Ucdsd ijedpdjedjt patcs ard cibcky ujgorrdkatde.

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JDDE OF EIVD]WIUY

If ojd raeio patc ujedrbods a eddp faed ajotcdr ijedpdjedjt patc lay cavd a strojb sibjak.

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EIVD]WIUY-IL^O]UAJU G]IUD]IA

Gritdria jdgdssary to omtaij a cibc edbrdd of ilprovdldjt frol a eivdrsity systdl ard0-

1) Ucd faeijb ij ijeivieuak mrajgcds scouke md cibcky

ujgorrdkatde.

=) Ucd ldaj powdr avaikamkd ij dagc mrajgcds scouke

md aklost dquak.

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UY^DW OF EIVD]WIUY

LagrosgopigEivdrsity

 

• ^rovieds a ldtcoe to litibatd tcd ldtcoes of scaeowijb as ij gasd of karbd sgakd faeijb.

Ligrosgopig

Eivdrsity

• ^rovieds a ldtcoe to litibatd tcd ldtcoes of luktipatc faeijb as ij gasd of slakk sgakd faeijb.

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LAG]OWGO^IG EIVD]WIUY

Karbd sgakd faeijb is gausde my scaeowijb eud to tcdprdsdjgd of omstagkds ij tcd raeio patc.

Kojb tdrl faeijb gaj md litibatde my lagrosgopig

eivdrsity(appky oj sdparatde ajtdjja sitds)kihd tcd eivdrsityusijb two masd statiojs.

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LIG]OWGO^IG EIVD]WIUY

Wlakk sgakd faeds ard gcaragtdrizde my eddp aje rapie

alpkitued fkugtuatiojs wcigc oggur as tcd lomikds lovds ovdr eistajgds of `ust a fdw wavdkdjbtcs.

Ucdsd faeds ard gausde my luktipkd rdfkdgtiojs frol

surroujeijbs ij tcd vigijity of tcd lomikd.

Wcort tdrl faeijb gaj md litibatde my tcd eivdrsity usijb

luktipkd ajtdjjas oj tcd masd statioj or lomikd ujit.

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EivdrsityUdgcjiquds 

FrdqudjgyEivdrsity

UildEivdrsity

^okarizatiojEivdrsity

WpagdEivdrsity

WdkdgtiojEivdrsity

FddemaghEivdrsity

Laxilak ratiogolmijijb

Dquak baijGolmijijb

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F]DQTDJGY EIVD]WIUY

Urajslits tcd sald sibjak witc eiffdrdjt frdqudjgids.

Frdqudjgy sdparatioj scouke md tcdj tcd gocdrdjgd

majewietc.

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UILD EIVD]WIUY

Urajslits tcd ijforlatioj sibjak rdpdatdeky at rdbukar ijtdrvaks.

Ucd sdparatioj scouke md brdatdr tcaj tcd gocdrdjgd

tild.

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W^AGD EIVD]WIUY

A ldtcoe of trajslissioj or rdgdptioj, or motc, ij wcigc tcddffdgts of faeijb ard lijilizde my tcd siluktajdous usd of 

two or lord pcysigakky sdparatde ajtdjjas.

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^OKA]IPAUIOJ EIVD]WIUY

Tsds ajtdjja of eiffdrdjt pokarizatiojs i.d. corizojtak ajevdrtigak.

Ucd ajtdjja’s tahd aevajtabd of tcd luktipatc propabatioj

gcaragtdristigs to rdgdivd sdparatd ujgorrdkatde sibjaks.

WJ] is ilprovde my upto 1=em dvdj ij kijd-of-sibct gcajjdks.

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WDKDGUIOJ EIVD]WIUY

Wdkdgtijb tcd mdst sibjak alojb akk tcd sibjaksrdgdivde frol eiffdrdjt mragcds at tcd rdgdivijb dje.

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FDDEMAGH EIVD]WIUY

Wgajjijb akk tcd sibjaks ij a fixde sdqudjgd ujtik tcdojd witc WJ] lord tcaj a prdedtdrlijde tcrdscoke is

iedjtifide.

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LASILAK ]AUIO GOLMIJIJB

Golmijijb akk tcd sibjaks ij a go-pcasde ajewdibctde lajjdr so as to cavd tcd cibcdst agcidvamkd

WJ] at tcd rdgdivdr at akk tilds.

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DQTAK BAIJ GOLMIJIJB

Golmijijb akk tcd sibjaks ij a go-pcasde lajjdr witcujity wdibcts for akk sibjak kdvdks so as to cavd tcd

cibcdst agcidvamkd WJ] at tcd rdgdivdr at akk tilds.

^drforlajgd is larbijakky ijfdrior to Laxilak ratiogolmijijb mut supdrior to sdkdgtivd eivdrsity.

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GOJGKTWIOJ

Ucd eivdrsity is usde to provied tcd rdgdivdr witcsdvdrak rdpkigas of tcd sald sibjak.

Eivdrsity tdgcjiquds ard usde to ilprovd tcd

pdrforlajgd of tcd raeio gcajjdk witcout ijgrdasd ijtrajslittde powdr.

L]G bivds tcd mdst pdrforlajgd of akk otcdr golmijijb tdgcjiquds.

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]DFD]DJGDW

X1\ Jddkal Wrivastava,“Eivdrsity sgcdlds for wirdkdssgollujigatioj“, @ourjak of Ucdordtigak aje Appkide

Jdtworh, Vok 14, Jo-=, Lay =>1>.

X=\ W.L. Akalouti, ‛A silpkd trajslit eivdrsity tdgcjiqud

for Rirdkdss Gollujigatiojs“, Wdkdgtde Ardas ijGollujigatioj IDDD, Vok 16, Issud 3, pp 1541-1543,

Ogt 1993.

X7\ ]appaport. E, ‛Rirdkdss Gollujigatiojs 

^rijgipkds aje ^ragtigd“, Dabkd cooe Gkiffs,

J@0 ^rijtigd Cakk 1996.

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UCAJH YOT