The Digital Journal Collection in The Digital Journal Collection in LibrariesLibraries

-what Libraries Are doing-what Libraries Are doing -Impact on Scientists -Impact on Scientists

Carol TenopirCarol Tenopir

University of TennesseeUniversity of Tennessee

ctenopir@utk.eductenopir@utk.edu

22

Percentages of Acquisitions Dollars Devoted to Electronic Resources

3.6%

4.8%

6.4% 6.8%

7.8%8.9%

10.6%

12.9%

16.3%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01

Fiscal Year

1999-2000 several libraries reported over 20% spent for electronic resources. Source: ARL Statistics and Supplementary Statistics

33www.arl.org ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH LIBRARIES

37.3%

4.3%

47.5%

8.5%

12.9%

4.2%

23.2%

9.2%

22.5%

5.5%

24.8%

6.4%

27.1%

3.4%

32.7%

9.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000

2000-01

Average Increase in Electronic Resources Expenditures

Average Increase in Library Material Expenditures

ARL Libraries Comparison of Yearly Increases in Electronic Resources and Total Materials Expenditures Average Counts

446.9% increase in dollars spent for Electronic Resources between 1992 and 2000 49.4% increase in dollars spent for Total Library Materials between 1992 and 2000 Source: ARL Statistics and Supplementary Statistics

Comparison of Annual Increases in Electronic Resources & Total Materials Expenditures

44

Libraries are spending more on serials, but are they getting more?

55

Average Price Per Title:Science Journals 1996-2002

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

U.S.Non-U.S.

Sources: Library Journal, April 15, 2000, and April 15, 2002.

66

Serial & Monograph Serial & Monograph ExpendituresExpenditures

$0.00

$500,000.00$1,000,000.00$1,500,000.00

$2,000,000.00$2,500,000.00$3,000,000.00

$3,500,000.00$4,000,000.00$4,500,000.00

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

SerialMonograph

Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. http://www.arl.org/newsltr/210/coststbl.html. Accessed September 30, 2002.

77

Serial & Monograph Serial & Monograph PurchasesPurchases

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,00019

90

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

SerialMonograph

Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. http://www.arl.org/newsltr/210/coststbl.html. Accessed September 30, 2002.

88

Print and Electronic Print and Electronic SubscriptionsSubscriptions

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

PrintElectronic

Source: Montgomery and King, “Comparing Library and User Related Costs of Print and Electronic Journal Collections” in D-Lib October 2002. Available at http://wwww.dlib.org/dlib/october02/montgomery/10montgomery.html

99

Print & Electronic Serial Titles in Print & Electronic Serial Titles in Australian Academic LibrariesAustralian Academic Libraries

Source: CAUL Statistics http://www.caul.edu.au/stats/caul2001-pub.xls

Print and Electronic Titles

Electronic Titles

Printer

Electronic

232,684

25%

703,785

75%

Individual Electronic Serial Titles

Titles Within a Single Publishers CollectionTitles Within aggregations

38,442

5%50,387

7%

614,956

88%

1010

Two Main ModelsTwo Main Models

Journal ModelJournal ModelArticle ModelArticle Model

1111

Sources of Readings

Scientists appear to be reading frommore journals—at least one article peryear from approximately 23 journals, upfrom 13 in the late 1970s and 18 in themid-1990s.

% and amount of readings from separate copies

use of personal subscriptions

1212

Core journals – browse andCore journals – browse and

search by title, journal titlesearch by title, journal title

importantimportantPeripheral journals – searchPeripheral journals – search

by topic, read by topic not by topic, read by topic not

journal titlejournal title

1313

Scholarly Publishing at the Crossroads

SPARCSociety Publishers

Commercial Publishers

Bio

Med

Cen

tral

Inst

itutio

nal R

epos

itorie

s

E-Print Service

Self-Archives

1414

Electronic Articles Reading

Paper

Other e-

E-prints

E-journals0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

AAS ORNL UTK

E-journals

E-prints

Other e-

Paper

1515

Time Spent and Number of Time Spent and Number of Articles ReadArticles Read

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1977 1978-1983

1984 1985-1989

1990-1993

1994-1998

2000-2001

Number ReadHours Spent

1616

Valued Attributes of JournalsValued Attributes of Journals

Authority (peer review)Authority (peer review) Quality (editorial)Quality (editorial) Accessibility (distribution)Accessibility (distribution) Longevity (archiving)Longevity (archiving) Priority of discoveries and recognition Priority of discoveries and recognition

(from author’s perspective)(from author’s perspective)

1717

Multiple Co-existing Alternatives

• Print journals

• E-journals with many links

• Articles databases (aggregators)

• E-print servers

• Authors’ web sites

• Institutional repositories