the digestive system. 15.1 functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Digestive System
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15.1
Functions: mechanical and
chemical breakdown of food
*absorption of nutrients
Consists of alimentary canal
and accessory organs
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Wall of the Alimentary Canal
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Mixing Movements
Contractions mix food
with digestive juices
Peristalsis - pushes food
down the tube
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Anatomy of the Mouth
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Salivary Glands Parotid - ear, cheekSubmandibular - below jawSublingual - under tongue
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Esophagus
esophageal hiatus is where it penetrates the diaphragm cardiac sphincter at entrance to stomach
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STOMACH MUSCLES: Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique
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Stomach
Regions
●Cardiac●Fundic●Body (greater and
lesser curvature)●Pyloric
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Stomach Lining
Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food - secreted by gastric glands
PEPSIN - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food
Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself
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Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve
Rugae - folds within stomach
Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices
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PANCREAS - secretes insulin which breaks down sugars
Pancreatic Juice also breaks down fat
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Liver
1 large right lobe | 1 smaller left lobe
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Liver - ducts and vessels
Hepatic duct --> to common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein - circulates blood through liver
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Liver Functions1. blood glucose levels2. breakdown of lipids and fats3. protein metabolism4. stores vitamins5. destroys damaged RBCs6. removes toxins7. secretes bile
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Remember Bili Lights?
Using bili lights is a therapeutic procedure performed on newborn or premature infants to reduce elevated levels of bilirubin. If blood levels of bilirubin become too high, the bilirubin begins to dissolve in the body tissues, producing the characteristic yellow eyes and skin of jaundice.
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Gall Bladder - under liver cystic duct --> common bile duct stores bile, digests fat *gallstones may form
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Small Intestine
Starts at the pyloric
sphincter
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
*Mesentery
Membrane holds it
together, contains
blood vessels
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Greater Omentum
a "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape
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The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream. In one word:
ABSORPTION
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Large Intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Colon (4 parts)
Cecum
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
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Function of Large IntestineSecretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion (intestinal flora)
Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food
The main job is WATER REABSORPTION...
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stomach
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colonrectum
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1. esophagus2. liver3. stomach4. pyloric sphincter5. duodenum6. pancreas7. jejunum8. ileum9. cecum10. appendix11. ascending colon12. descending colon13. sigmoid colong14. anus
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Disorders of the Digestive System
GERD
Gastroesophageal
reflux disease
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STOMACH ULCERS
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Lactose Intolerance Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset
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Appendicitis
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Hernia
intestines poke through abdominal muscles
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Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
Gallstones are made from cholesterol and other things found in the bile. They can be smaller than a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
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Gallstones within the gall bladder
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Gastric Bypass Surgery
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