THE DIAPHRAGM TYLER POSTMAN

THE BASICS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• It is part of the respiratory system

• It is found in the thoracic cavity or chest

• Separates the chest from the abdomen

• Is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle

• Controls air movement

ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Three main parts

• Sternal

• Two muscle slips arising from the posterior surface back of the xiphoid process

• Costal

• The inner surfaces of the costal cartilages and adjacent proportions of the lower six ribs on either side

• Lumbar/Vertebral

• Arising from upper three lumbar vertebrae; forms the right & left crura & the arcuate ligaments

SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Main parts are:

• Central Tendon

• Right & left crus

• Right & left dome

• Right and left crura (muscle columns that help attach the diaphragm)

OPENINGS IN THE DIAPHRAGM

• There are three openings

• The Aortic

• Is found between the crura, aorta,

thoric duct, and azygos vein

• Esophageal

• Is found level to the T10 vertebra

in some muscle fibers from the right crus

• Venal Caval

• Is found level to the T8 vertabra in the central tendon

FUNCTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• It controls the air intake and exhale for the lungs

• It contracts into a flat dome shape and this makes

more room for the air which fills the lungs

• When relaxed, it decreases the volume and pushes out the air

• As it contracts it also pushes out the ribs which also allows for more air

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• The diaphragm is part of the respiratory system

• This is due to the fact that it aids in the

breathing process

• Without the diaphragm we would not be able

to breath

• It is the most important muscle in the entire

respiratory system

MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Diaphragmatic Hernia

• Is a birth defect where there is an opening in the diaphragm which allows the abdominal organs into the chest cavity near the lungs

• Symptoms can be: Bluish colored skin (from lack of oxygen), fast breathing, or fast heart rate

• This can be treated by surgery to put the abdominal organs back in their place and to close he opening in the diaphragm

MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• A - Plain X-ray of the thorax of a newborn with diaphragmatic hernia. There are bowel loops into the left hemi-thorax, the mediastinum is displaced to the contralateral side and the space occupied by the lung is reduced.

• B - small bowel loops can be seen entering the thorax through the orifice.

• C - seen after reducing the contents of the hernia.

• D - At autopsy, extreme left lung hypoplasia and less severe right lung hypoplasia were discovered.

• Diaphragmatic Hernia Pictures

MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM

• Hiccups

• Is a involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm accompanied by the approximation of the vocal folds and closure of the glottis of the larynx.

• It is a common condition in normal individuals and occurs after eating or drinking as a result of gastric irritation of the vagus nerve endings.

• It can also be a symptom of disease such as pleurisy, peritonitis, pericarditis, or uremia.

SOURCES

• http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc06.html#full-d escription

• http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/respiratory_system.php

• http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5292/1265/

• http://www.bmc.org/thoracicsurgery/diseasesandconditions-diaphragm.htm

• http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=File:Gray0391.jpg

• http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298107-overview

• http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Respiratory_System_-_Diaphragm

• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001135.htm