the development of decision support systems for an

The development of Decision Support Systems for an integrated water resources management as a tool for the adaptation to climate changes.

The case of ADMICCO Project in Chile, Peru and Ecuador.

Nuno BARREIRAS, João NASCIMENTO, Filipe MIGUÉNS, Ana BUXO, Luís RIBEIRO

1 – IntroductionThe overall goal of the project ADMICCO is to help reduce the negative impact of climatechange among the population of lower life standards in coastal cities of South Americancountries, through the development of decision support systems for watersheds located incoastal cities of Peru, Ecuador and Chile.

Contract DCIENV‐2010/222‐639

Project funded by European Union under the programmeEuropeAid

Participants - ADMICCO is a Project implemented by Asociación Civil LABOR (Perú) andfunded by European Union, that was developed in partnership with CooperAcción (Perú),CEDESUS (Chile), EcoCostas (Ecuador) and Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal).

1 – IntroductionAn integration of technical and scientific components that can be transferred to entitiesreceiving instruments to support processes in decision making about the availability of waterresources was the main goal of this project.Therefore, the role of CEHIDRO in this project is focused on developing a Decision SupportSystem (SSD) that provides an integrated and sustainable water resources management inclimate change scenarios.Objectives:

1) To obtain a water resources management tool that takes into account the equitabledistribution of the various users, in diferente hydrologic years, using a friendly interface applied to a calibrated hydrological model.

2) To understand and manage in an integrated way the system reliability to satisfy the waterdemands.

1.1. – Decision Support System (DSS)

The DSS integrates:

1) a SIG tool, namely a ArcHydro database;2) a WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning System) Model, that simulates the water availability in theorigins (surface and groundwater) and the user demands;3) a friendly interface that allows an easy dissemination by all the organizations and entities involved in the water resources management as well as by the population and distribution endpoints, calculatingwhether the water demands are satisfied.

• Aguas superficiales

• Aguas subterráneas

• Calidad del agua• Riego de

inundación• Vulnerabilidad• Etc…

1.2. – ArcHydro databaseThe construction of the GIS contemplated 3stages:1) Strategic Planning: The GIS concept

2) GIS Designing: Data collecting, reorganizationand evaluation of data in order to identify thenecessary tools to its proper processing. Definition and designing of the database, materialized in a data model – ArcHydro.

3) Implementation and handling: Conversion andstandardization of the data archives, storageand database updating, development ofspecific functions and applications, anddevelopment of training programes.

© CRWR (University of Texas) & ESRI

1.3. – WEAP Model (Water Evaluation and Planning System)

Main Characteristics

• model built to explore scenarios and impacts of alternative assumptions• simulates the water demands and availability, flow, infiltration and water storage,treatment and discharge of contaminants• considers distinct priorities between different kind of users and utilizes the scenarios toevaluate different settings for the water distribution• it incorporates various hydrologic models• it’s versatile and can attach other models (eg: MODFLOW and the water quality modelQUAL2K)• considers scenarios of water policies

1.3. – WEAP Model (Main steps)

10º Seminário sobre Águas Subterrâneas, 9 e 10 Abril de 2015, ÉvoraCEHIDRO ‐ Centro de Estudos de Hidrossistemas

1.3. – WEAP Model (Methods and hydrological simulation)

• Rainfall – Runoff Method

• Irrigation Demands OnlyMethod (FAO CropRequirements Method)

• Soil Moisture Method

• MABIA Method(improvement of CROPWAT from FAO)

z1 – armazenamento de água relativa, dada em percentagem, do total do armazenamento de água na zona não saturada.z2 – armazenamento de água relativa, dada em percentagem, do total do armazenamento de água na zona saturada.

1.3. – WEAP Model (required data)

Esquema de funcionamiento hidráulicoUso del suelo

Cobertura de vegetaciónDEM (Modelo de Elevación Digital)

Tipo de sueloGeología

HidrografiaDelimitación de las subcuencas

Ubicación de Reservatorios / RepresesasCapacidad de almacenamiento

Curva de volumen/elevación/áreaVolumen máximo operacional

Volumen útilVolumen muerto

Mínimo caudal de turbina Máximo caudal de turbina

Cabeza hidráulicaEficiencia

Ubicación e volumen de Lagos e lagunasTransporte del agua: canales, trasvases, etc.

Limite de los AquíferosInformación de sondajesPruebas de bombeo

Caracterización

Cuenca

Recursos hídricos superficiales ‐ hidrografía

Recursos hídricos superficiales ‐ Embalses

Capacidad hidroeléctrica de los embalses (si aplicable)

Recursos hídricos superficiales ‐ Reservatorios naturales

Recursos hídricos subterráneos

1.3. – WEAP Model (required data)

Número de usuarios y caracterización de los derechos de aguaUbicación de las tomas de agua superficial y usuario associadoUbicación de los pozos de agua subterránea y usuario associado

Consumos mensuales por usuarioEficiência en la red de agua potableZonas de regadío y tipo de cultivos Tecnologías de irrigación por areaDemandas de riego por cultura

Porcentaje de retorno del agua del irrigacion (eficiencia)Ubicación de desaguas

Volúmenes de aguas servidas

Series históricas de piezometríaUbicación de las estaciones de monitoreo piezometrico

Calidad de agua subterranea con indicación de la ubicación de las mustras

Calidad de agua superficialSeries de tiempo de caudales/hidrometria

Ubicación de las estaciones hidrometricas y de calidadCaptaciones y descargas de los embalses (volumen)Ubicación de las estaciones de monitoreo climatico

Precipitación diáriaTemperatura mínima y máxima diária

Humedad Relativa Viento

Cobertura de nubesÁrea de cobertura de glaciares

Espessura glaciares

Necesidades hídricas y usos del agua y suelo

General

Irrigación

Aguas servidas

Monitorización

Monitorización água subterránea

Monitorización água superficial

Monitorización clima

Monitorización glaciares

1.3. – WEAP Model (Possible scenarios)

• Water use management• Different water rights and allocation priorities to the various users• Evolution of demography and demands• Evolution of the irrigation and industry demands• Different irrigation techniques• Strategic water storage• Groundwater abstraction and other water supplies• Climate change• Reservoir operations• Ecosystem requirements• ...

Built on• the knowledge and uncertainty regarding the current and future water availability for thevarious users

2 – Application to a case-study

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Climate data

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Climate Scenarios

Model GCM Research Centre Country Resolution Used Scenarios

HADCM3 HadCM3 UK Meteorological Office UK 2.5x3.75° A1, A2, B1

MPEH5 ECHAM5 Max‐Planck Institute of Meteorology Alemania 1.9x1.9° A1, B1

NCCCSM CCSM3National Centre for Atmospheric

ResearchUSA 1.4x1.4° A1, B1

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Climate scenarios

Data from the climate station of Santa Cruz (Sub‐basin Chancay‐Huaral)

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Definition of the sub-basins

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Inventory of water demands

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Monitoring data for the hydrologic model

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)

Rivers and lakes

SUBCUENCA SISTEMA LAGUNAS MODELADAS RÍOBaños Baños HAHUASHUMAN AguashumanBaños Baños VILCACOCHA VilcacochaBaños Quiles YANAUYAC RagrampiBaños Quiles QUISHA RagrampiBaños Quiles UCHUMACHAY (Parcash) UchumachayMantaro Baños COCHAUMAN (Puajanca Alta) EmbalseMantaro Baños PUCACOCHA (Puajanca Baja) EmbalseVichaycocha Chicrín YUNCAN CcacrayVichaycocha Chicrín CACCRAY CcacrayVichaycocha Chicrín CHUNGAR ChungarVichaycocha Vichaycocha CHANCAN RahuiteVichaycocha Vichaycocha RAHUITE Rahuite

2 – Aplicação a um caso de estudo (Chancay-Huaral)

Sub‐basins

2 – Aplicação a um caso de estudo (Chancay-Huaral)

Irrigationdemands


Irrigationstructuresmodelling, drainage andhydropowerplants


Urban waterdemand

Discretization of3 cities:• Huaral• Chancay• Alcallama


Aquifers

Are explored3209 wells thatrepresents15.05 Hm3/yearthat suppliesirrigation andcities demands


General Hydraulic Scheme

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Calibration

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Results and scenarios

2 – Application to a case-study (Chancay-Huaral)Interface

the development of decision support systems for an

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