the danish pesticide leaching assessment program – a field based, early warning system
DESCRIPTION
The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system. Preben Olsen - Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jeanne Kjær & Marlene Ullum - Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Ruth Grant - The National Environmental Research Institute. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program
– a field based, early warning system.
Preben Olsen
- Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Jeanne Kjær & Marlene Ullum
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
Ruth Grant
- The National Environmental Research Institute
![Page 3: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program
– a field based, early warning system.
PLAP
![Page 4: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Institutions involved
DIAS - Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
NERI - The National Environmental Research Institute
EPA - Environmental Protection AgencyEPA
GEUS - Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
![Page 5: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• 98% of drinking water supplies in DK derives from ground water
• Pesticides and their degradation products have been detected in about 30% of all screens monitored and 10% are > 0.1 µg/l
Increasing concern about pesticide contamination of the Danish groundwater:
Is the existing approval procedure for pesticides sufficient?
Limitations comprises:
• Scale problems
• Spatial variability of the soil parameters
• Hydraulic boundary condition (e.g. tile drains)
Improving the current risk assessment of pesticide leaching
• Include field studies in the actual risk assessment
Background of the project
![Page 6: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The bottom line
…is it point or difffuse sources that cause problems to our groundwater?
![Page 7: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PLAP
• .. shall funtion as an early warning system
• ..is a monitoring programme for the evaluation of pesticide leaching risk under field conditions
• .. has the objective to analyse, whether approved pesticides – when applied in accordance with current regulations – leach to the groundwater in unacceptable concentrations
![Page 8: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PLAP sites - precipitation
Average precipitation 1961-90 Source: DMI 1997
![Page 9: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PLAP sites - soilsCoarse sandy soilFine sandy soilClayey sandy soilSandy clay soilClay soilHeavy clay soilOrganic soil Calcareous soil
Jyndevad
SilstrupTylstrup
Slæggerup
Fårdrup
Estrup
![Page 10: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PLAP - sites
2 sandy soils
4 loamy soils
1-3 ha
26 pesticides
3. S ilstrup
4. Estrup
2. Jyndevad
1. Tylstrup
5. Fårdup
6. S læ ggerup
May 1999
Sep 1999
Sep 1999
Apr 2000
Apr 2000
Apr 2000
![Page 11: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Leaching of pesticides from PLAP-fieldsTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
![Page 12: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fine sandy soil
Tylstrup
![Page 13: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tylstrup
• 70 x 166 m• 1,1 ha• Loamy sand• 6 % clay• 2% TOC• 666 mm/y• Groundwater: 3-4
m.b.g.s.
N
0 50 m
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6M7
Moniteringwells
P3
P6P4
P7
P8
P5
Piezometer
Rain GaugePt-100S1
S2Suction cups, TDR og
![Page 14: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Monitoring design -crossection2 mMin. 3 m
1 m
2 m
2 m
1 m
Gwt
Bufferzone Treated area
Suction cups
Bufferzone
50 m
![Page 15: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Agricultural management
Date Product Dosage Potatoes planted 4. May Var. Dianella 2200 kg/haHerbicide application 25. May Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,2 kg/ha
25. May Afalon Linuron 1 l/ha 7. Jun Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,15 kg/ha
Tracer application 27. May Potasium bromide 30 kg/ha
Fungicide application 22. Jun - 14 Sep Dithane DG Mancozeb (ETU) 10*2,0 kg/haIrrigation 12. Sep 33 mm
Harvest 28. Oct
Active ingedients
![Page 16: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Agricultural management
Date Product Dosage Potatoes planted 4. May Var. Dianella 2200 kg/haHerbicide application 25. May Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,2 kg/ha
25. May Afalon Linuron 1 l/ha 7. Jun Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,15 kg/ha
Tracer application 27. May Potasium bromide 30 kg/ha
Fungicide application 22. Jun - 14 Sep Dithane DG Mancozeb (ETU) 10*2,0 kg/haIrrigation 12. Sep 33 mm
Harvest 28. Oct
Active ingedients
Metribuzin - Desamino-metribuzin - Diketo-metribuzin - Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
![Page 17: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bromide concentration - unsaturated zone
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
1 m b.g.s.2 m b.g.s
Suction cups S1
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-9
9
jun
-99
jul-
99
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-0
0
jun
-00
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l)
1 m b.g.s2 m b.g.s.
Suction cups S2
![Page 18: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bromide concentration - unsaturated zone
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
1 m b.g.s.2 m b.g.s
Suction cups S1
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-9
9
jun
-99
jul-
99
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-0
0
jun
-00
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l)
1 m b.g.s2 m b.g.s.
Suction cups S2
![Page 19: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Bromide concentration - saturated zone
3-4 m4-5 m5-6 m
M3
maj
-99
jun-
99
jul-9
9
aug-
99
sep-
99
okt-
99
nov-
99
dec-
99
jan-
00
feb-
00
mar
-00
apr-
00
maj
-00
jun-
00
M4
0
1
2
3
4
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l) 3-4 m
4-5 m5-6 m
M5
0
1
2
3
4
maj
-99
jun-
99
jul-9
9
aug-
99
sep-
99
okt-
99
nov-
99
dec-
99
jan-
00
feb-
00
mar
-00
apr-
00
maj
-00
jun-
00
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l) M6
![Page 20: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
![Page 21: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
![Page 22: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
![Page 23: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
![Page 24: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Average concentration - 1 m depth
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin Diketo-metribuzinS1 S2 S1 S2
1.7.99-1.7.00 0.87-0.98 0.14-0.27 0.25-0.32 0.05-0.111.7.00-1.7.01 0.30 0.26 0.12 0.10
![Page 25: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Average concentration - 1 m depth
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin Diketo-metribuzin S1 S2 S1 S2
1.7.99-1.7.00 0.87-0.98 0.14-0.27 0.25-0.32 0.05-0.11 1.7.00-1.7.01 0.30 0.26 0.12 0.10
![Page 26: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pesticide concentration in groundwater - Tylstrup -
0
1
2
3
4(m
g/l)
3-4 m 4-5 m 5-6 mM4 Bromid
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
ma
j-9
9
jul-
99
ok
t-9
9
jan
-00
ap
r-0
0
jul-
00
ok
t-0
0
jan
-01
ap
r-0
1
jul-
01
(µg
/l)
M4 Metribuzin-desamino-diketo
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(µg
/l)
M4 Metribuzin-diketo
![Page 27: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pesticide concentration in groundwater - Tylstrup -
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
ma
j-9
9
jul-
99
ok
t-9
9
jan
-00
ap
r-0
0
jul-
00
ok
t-0
0
jan
-01
ap
r-0
1
jul-
01
(µg
/l)
M6 Metribuzin-desamino-diketo
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(µg
/l)
M6 Metribuzin-diketo
0
1
2
3
4(m
g/l)
3-4 m 4-5 m 5-6 mM6 Bromid
Concentrations are due to applications at least 4-6 years ago
![Page 28: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Pesticide concentration in groundwater
M1 M3 M4 M5 M6Screendepths
(m b.g.s.) 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6Apr-99 * * * * * * * *
09-sep-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * *04-nov-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.208-dec-99 < 0.06 0.23 0.33 0.32 0.3304-jan-00 < < < 0.13 0.0603-feb-00 0.10 0.07 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.2002-mar-00 < 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.1606-apr-00 < 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.17 0.2010-maj-00 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.08 < < 0.11 0.08 0.12 < < 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.0907-jun-00 < < < 0.09 0.0605-jul-00 < 0.07 0.17 0.31
<) below the dectedtion limit of 0.02 µg/l. *) Degradation product was detected in the range of 0.05 – 0.5 µg/l;
Diketo-metribuzin (µg/l)
![Page 29: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
M1 M3 M4 M5 M6Screendepths
(m b.g.s.) 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6Apr-99 * * * * * * * *
09-sep-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * *04-nov-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.208-dec-99 < 0.06 0.23 0.33 0.32 0.3304-jan-00 < < < 0.13 0.0603-feb-00 0.10 0.07 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.2002-mar-00 < 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.1606-apr-00 < 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.17 0.2010-maj-00 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.08 < < 0.11 0.08 0.12 < < 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.0907-jun-00 < < < 0.09 0.0605-jul-00 < 0.07 0.17 0.31
<) below the dectedtion limit of 0.02 µg/l. *) Degradation product was detected in the range of 0.05 – 0.5 µg/l;
Diketo-metribuzin (µg/l)
The maximum allowed concentration of 0.1 µg/l was exeeded in 36% of the samples analysed
Pesticide concentration in groundwater
![Page 30: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
M1 M3 M4 M5 M6Screendepths(m.u.t.) 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6Apr-99 * * * * * * * *
09-sep-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.204-nov-99 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.2 * <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.208-dec-99 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.0504-jan-00 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.0603-feb-00 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.03 < 0.03 0.04 0.02 < < 0.02 0.02 0.0202-mar-00 < 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.0306-apr-00 < < < 0.03 0.02 0.0210-maj-00 0.05 0.02 0.08 < < < 0.04 0.04 0.03 < < < < 0.02 0.0307-jun-00 < < < < 0.05 <05-jul-00 < < < <
Pesticide concentration in groundwaterDesamino-diketo-metribuzin (µg/l)
<) below the dectedtion limit of 0.02 µg/l. *) Degradation product was detected in the range of 0.05 – 0.5 µg/l;
![Page 31: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Previous use of metribuzine at Tylstrup
Year Product Dose (kg /ha/y) PLAP field 1990 Sencor WG 0.70 1992 Sencor WG 0.50 1994 Sencor WG 0.30 1999 Sencor WG 0.35 Field south of PLAP
1989
Sencor WG
0.70
1992 1994
Sencor WG Sencor WG
0.50 0.30
![Page 32: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Conclusion - Tylstrup
• ETU (degradation product of mancozeb) linuron or metribuzin did not leach from the root zone
• Diketo-metribuzin, desamino-diketo-metribuzin (degradation products of metribuzin) leached from the root zone in concentrations exceeding 0.1 µg/l.
• Previous application of metribuzin has caused a marked groundwater contamination with 2 degradation products
• The degradation products of metribuzin are quite stable.
![Page 33: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
![Page 34: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Uacceptabel UdvaskningUnacceptable leaching
![Page 35: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Leaching of glyphosate - Estrup
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
0
no
v-0
0
de
c-0
0
jan
-01
feb
-01
ma
r-0
1
ap
r-0
1
ma
j-0
1
jun
-01
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0123 0102030
Drænafstrømning (mm/d) Drainage flow, mm/d
Dr a
i na
ge
flo
w,
mm
/ d
Pre
cip
. ,m
m/d
![Page 36: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Leaching of glyphosate - Estrup
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
0
no
v-0
0
de
c-0
0
jan
-01
feb
-01
ma
r-0
1
ap
r-0
1
ma
j-0
1
jun
-01
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
0
10
20
30
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)Drainage flow, mm/dPesticide, µg/l
Dra
ina
ge
flo
w,
mm
/ d
Pre
cip
. ,m
m/d
Gly
ph
osa
te,
µg
/l
![Page 37: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Leaching of glyphosate - Estrup
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
0
no
v-0
0
de
c-0
0
jan
-01
feb
-01
ma
r-0
1
ap
r-0
1
ma
j-0
1
jun
-01
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
AM
PA
(µ
g/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs. (
mm
/d)
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
0,54 µg/l
0,17 µg/l
Pre
cip
. ,m
m/d
Gly
ph
osa
te,
µg
/l
Dr a
i na
ge
flo
w,
mm
/ dD
r ai n
ag
e f
low
, m
m/ d
Drainage flow, mm/dPesticide, µg/l
AM
PA
, µ
g/l
![Page 38: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Ingen Udvaskning Uacceptabel Udvaskning UdvaskningNo leaching Unacceptable leaching Leaching
![Page 39: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Ingen Udvaskning Uacceptabel Udvaskning UdvaskningUnacceptable leaching LeachingNo leaching
![Page 40: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Ingen Udvaskning Uacceptabel Udvaskning UdvaskningUnacceptable leaching LeachingNo leaching
11
13
2
![Page 41: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Status after 3 years of monitoring
• Leaching from fields can significantly pollute groundwater with pesticides
• Some approved pesticides can cause significant groundwater pollution
• When the damage is done, pesticides can be around for several years within the groundwater
![Page 42: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Conclusion
• It provides a realistic description of the leaching behaviour of pesticides under field conditions
• It provides essential data for the calibration/validation of the models used in the current risk assessment of pesticides leaching
The PLAP monitoring programme gives an important contribution towards an improved risk assessment of pesticides leaching:
![Page 43: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Further information is available on
www.pesticidvarsling.dk
![Page 44: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Estrup- loamy soil
#
%
%
%
%
$Z$Z
0 5 0 m
P 2S 2
S 1
P 3
P 4
P 1
##
#
#
#
#
#
M 2
M 3
M 4
M 5
M 6
M 7
M 1
H 1
NO u tle t
S u c tio n cu p s , T D R an dP t-1 0 0
% P iezo m e te r
# M o n ito rin g w e ll
S h ed
$Z R ain G au g e
T ile -d ra in , in s id e fie ld
T ile -d ra in , o u ts id e fie ld
C o llec to r p ip e
S am p le p o in t fo r h o rizo n ta lsc reenB u ffe r Z o n e
H o rizo n ta l sc reen
![Page 46: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sampling of drainage water
Campbell logger
ISCO samplers
30o V notch InletOutletPresure transducer
![Page 47: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Geological profile -Tylstrup
P6 P7 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5P5 P8 M 7 M 6
P lø je lag
2
4
6
8
10
12
N ord
M arint sand
M arint s ilt og ler
F iltre
Kote (m )
Syd
![Page 48: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Precipication
• 1047 mm • 35% more than the yearly normal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160M
aj
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
Maj
Jun
(mm
/mån
ed)
Moniteringsperiode
Normal (1960-1991)
![Page 49: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
N
N
N
N
SO
M etribuzin
N
N
N
N
OO
D iketo-m etribuzin
N
N
N
SO
Desam ino-m etribuzin
N
N
N
OO
Diketo-desam ino-m etribuzin
![Page 51: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Leaching of glyphosate - Silstrup
3716537437
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
1
no
v-0
1
de
c-0
1
jan
-02
feb
-02
ma
r-0
2
ap
r-0
2
ma
j-0
2
jun
-02
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,5
0
10
20
30
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
![Page 52: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Leaching of glyphosate - Silstrup
3716537437
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
1
no
v-0
1
de
c-0
1
jan
-02
feb
-02
ma
r-0
2
ap
r-0
2
ma
j-0
2
jun
-02
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0,0
1,5
3,0
4,5
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,5
0
10
20
30
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
![Page 53: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Leaching of glyphosate - Silstrup
3716537437
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
1
no
v-0
1
de
c-0
1
jan
-02
feb
-02
ma
r-0
2
ap
r-0
2
ma
j-0
2
jun
-02
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0,0
1,5
3,0
4,5
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,5
AM
PA
(µ
g/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs. (
mm
/d)
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
0,12 µg/l
0,06 µg/l
![Page 54: The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/5681462f550346895db33dba/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Required by locations included in the PLAP (examples)
• Be fields in crop rotations with a size of 1-3 ha
• Past cultivation known for at least 10 years
• Undisturbed soil - no previous excavations
• Irrigation system (sandy soils)
• Room for a bufferzone
• Tracers could be applied (bromide)
• Inside an infiltration area -downward gradient
• A thin, unsaturated zone (shallow groundwater)
• A well defined groundwater table
• Old drainage system (loamy soils)
• Homogenius soil
• And several more……