the danish army and navy in the year 1692

7/31/2019 The Danish Army and Navy in the Year 1692

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The DanishThe DanishThe DanishThe Danish Army and NavyArmy and NavyArmy and NavyArmy and Navy

in The Year 1692in The Year 1692in The Year 1692in The Year 1692


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The Danish invasion fleet 1676. 15,000 soldiers were sent across the Sound (resund).


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Ingenirkorpsets tegninger over Kbenhavns befstning

Kort og tegninger er en vsentlig del af hrens arkivalier. Ved mange skrivelser findes tegninger vedlagt sombilag, men ofte er de udtaget og anbragt i srlige kortsamlinger. Ingenirkorpsets samling af kort og tegningeropbevares i dag p Rigsarkivet. Der findes kort og tegninger fra 1640. Her bringes et lille udsnit af kort ogtegninger over Kbenhavns befstning, som den tog sig ud i rene fra 1648 til midt i 1800-tallet.Tegninger med I-1 angiver planer for hele fstningen Kbenhavn og I-2 er planer og tegninger over enkelte dele afbefstningen. En detaljeret registratur over Ingenirkorpsets historiske samling af kort og tegninger findes p Rigsarkivetslsesal (Hrens arkiv, nr. 50 V., 1985).En god introduktion til Kbenhavns befstning og for yderligere oplysninger om de enkelte bastioner er Bi Skaarup og BjrnWesterbeek Dahl: Guide til Kbenhavns Befstning. 1996.G p opdagelse i kortet ved et klikke p det. For bedre orientering kan trykkes p "Se alle billeder" og hold cursoren et kortjeblik over det enkelte tegning, hvorved titlen kan lses.http://www.sa.dk/content/dk/temaer_til_inspiration/webudstillinger/kobenhavns_befastning?pageIndex=4&gallery=&

media_id=1250


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Christian V of Denmark

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reign 16701699

Predecessor Frederick III

Successor Frederick IV

Spouse Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel

Frederick IV of DenmarkPrince ChristianPrincess Sophia HedwigPrince CharlesPrince William

House House of Oldenburg

Father Frederick III of Denmark

Mother Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lneburg

Born 15 April 1646 Duborg Castle, Flensburg

Died 25 August 1699 (aged 53) Copenhagen

Burial Roskilde Cathedral

Religion Lutheranism

Christian V (15 April 1646 25 August 1699), was king ofDenmark and Norway from 1670 to 1699, the son ofFrederick III ofDenmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lneburg. He married Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) on 14 May1667 at Nykbing and ascended the throne on 9 February 1670.


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ReignIt is generally argued that Christian V's personal courage and affability made him popular among the common people, but his imagewas marred by his unsuccessful attempt to regain Scania for Denmark in the Scanian War. The war exhausted Denmark's economicresources without securing any gains.[1]Part of Christian's appeal to the common people may be explained by the fact that he allowed Danish commoners into state service,but his attempts to curtail the influence of the nobility also meant continuing his father's drive toward absolutism.[1][2] Toaccommodate non-aristocrats into state service, he created the new noble ranks ofcount and baron. One of the commoners elevated inthis way by the king was Peder Schumacher, named Count Griffenfeldt by Christian V in 1670 and high councillor of Denmark in1674.[1]Griffenfeldt, a skilled statesman, better understood the precarious situation Denmark placed itself by attacking Sweden at a time whenthe country was allied with France, the major European power of the era. As Griffenfeldt predicted, Sweden's stronger ally France was

the party that dictated the peace with Denmark's ally Holland, and in spite of Danish victory at sea in the battles against Sweden in16751679 during the Scanian War, Danish hopes for border changes on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the two countries weredashed. The results of the war efforts proved politically and financially unremunerative for Denmark. The damage to the Danisheconomy was extensive. At this point, Christian V no longer had his most experienced foreign relations counsel around to repair thepolitical damage in 1676 he had been persuaded to sacrifice Griffenfeldt as a traitor, and to the clamour of his adversaries,Griffenfeldt was imprisoned for the remainder of his life.[3]Christian V introduced Danske Lov (the Danish Code) in 1683, the first law code for all of Denmark. [4] It was succeeded by thesimilar Norske Lov (Norwegian Code) of 1687. He also introduced the land register of 1688, which attempted to work out the landvalue of the united monarchy in order to create a more just taxation. During his reign, science witnessed a golden age due to the workof the astronomer Ole Rmer in spite of the kings personal lack of scientific knowledge and interest.Like Charles XI of Sweden, who had never been outside Sweden, Christian spoke German and Danish only and was therefore oftenconsidered poorly educated due to his inability to communicate with visiting foreign diplomats. [5] Christian V was also oftenconsidered dependent on his councillors by contemporary sources. The Danish monarch did nothing to dispel this notion. In his

memoirs, he listed "hunting, love-making, war and maritime affairs" as his main interests in life.[3]

He died from the after-effects of a hunting accident and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral.[3]Personal life and familyChristian V had eight children by his wife and five by his mistress. He publicly introduced his sixteen-year-old mistress, SophieAmalie Moth (16541719), into court in 1672, a move which insulted his wife. His mistress was the daughter of his former tutor (PaulMoth), and he made her countess ofSams on 31 December 1677.IssueName Birth Death

Frederick IV 2 October 1671 2 October 1730

Christian Vilhelm 1 December 1672 25 January 1673

Christian 25 March 1675 27 June 1695

Sophie Hedevig 28 August 1677 13 March 1735

Charles 26 October 1680 8 June 1729Christiane Charlotte 17 July 1683 17 July 1683

Vilhelm 21 February 1687 23 November 1705His children with his mistress, Sophie Amalie Moth;

Name Birth Death

Christiane Gyldenlve 1672 1689

Christian Gyldenlve 28 February 1674 16 July 1703

Sophie Christiane Gyldenlve 1675 18 August 1684

Anna Christiane Gyldenlve 1676 11 August 1689

Ulrik Christian Gyldenlve 24 June 1678 8 December 1719After the Scanian War, his sister, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark, married the Swedish king Charles XI, whose mother was a

stout supporter of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. In spite of the family ties, war between the brothers-in-law was close again in 1689,when Charles XI nearly provoked confrontation with Denmark by his support of the exiled Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in his claims to Holstein-Gottorp in Schleswig-Holstein.[5]References

1. ^ abc "Christian V." (2007). InEncyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved 9 January 2007, from Encyclopdia Britannica Online.2. ^ Jespersen, Knud J.V. The Introduction of Absolutism. Gyldendal Leksikon, quoted by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of

Denmark, on Denmark's official web site.3. ^ a b c Nielsen, Kay Sren (1999). Christian V Konge og sportsmand. The Royal Danish Arsenal Museum, Net

Publications, 1999.4. ^ Jespersen, Knud J.V. Denmark as a Modern Bureaucracy. Gyldendal Leksikon, quoted by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs

of Denmark, on Denmark's official web site.5. ^ ab Upton, Anthony F. (1998). Charles XI and Swedish Absolutism, 16601697. Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN

0-521-57390-4.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Christian V of Denmark

External links

The Royal Orders of Chivalry (Order of Dannebrog, instituted by Christian V in 1671) Official site of the DanishMonarchy


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Find-A-Grave entry for Christian V Nielsen, Kay Sren. "Christian V. Konge og sportsmand" (in Danish). The Royal Danish Arsenal Museum.

http://www.thm.dk/publ/ksn/ksn1_1.htm. Retrieved 29 November 2009.

Christian VHouse of OldenburgBorn: 14 April 1646 Died: 25 August 1699

Regnal titles

Preceded byFrederick III

King of Denmark and NorwayCount of Oldenburg16701699

Succeeded byFrederick IV

Preceded byFrederick III andChristian Albert

Duke of Holstein and Schleswig16701699with Christian Albert (16701695)Frederick IV(16951699)

Succeeded byFrederick IV (Denmark)andFrederick IV (Gottorp)

Portrait of Christian V in the old Russian reference book (1672) Christian V by Jacob d'Agar


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Ratzeburger Schlossaus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopdie

Darstellung Ratzeburgs von Georg Braun und Frans Hogenberg, 1588, mit dem Schloss und der dahinter liegenden Stadtinsel samtDombezirk

Das Ratzeburger Schloss war namensgebend fr die heutige Stadt Ratzeburg im sdstlichen Schleswig-Holstein. Das aus einerabodritischen Wehranlage hervorgegangene Schloss war eine der Residenzen des Herzogtums Sachsen-Lauenburg. Es befand sich auf

dem westlichen Auslufer der Ratzeburger Altstadtinsel und wurde am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts vollstndig zerstrt.Geschichtlicher berblickDas Schloss ging vermutlich auf eine unter dem Polabenfrst Ratse errichtete Ringburg des 11. Jahrhunderts zurck. Die ersteurkundliche Erwhnung fand 1062 statt, als die Anlage im Zuge der Christianisierung des slawischen Gebiets an Herzog Ordulfausdem Stamm der Billunger ging. Nach gewaltsamen Auseinandersetzungen wechselten die Besitzverhltnisse zwischen Wenden undChristen in den folgenden Jahrzehnten mehrfach. Ab 1093 wurden die slawischen Stmme in der Region endgltig besiegt undRatzeburg ging in schsischen Besitz ber. Unter Heinrich von Badewide wurde die slawische Wallburg zu einer steinernen Festungausgebaut und war kurze Zeit Mittelpunkt der Grafschaft Ratzeburg. Nach deren Ende 1227 ging Ratzeburg als Lehen an dasGeschlecht des Askanier, die das Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg begrndeten.Die Ratzeburg diente zusammen mit dem Lauenburger Schloss als Residenz des Herzogtums. Sie wurde in den folgendenJahrhunderten nach und nach zum befestigen Schloss aus- und umgebaut. Es handelte sich seit dem spten Mittelalter um einebefestigte Anlage, die aus zahlreichen Einzelbauten zu einem groen, von Wllen, Wassergrben und Palisaden umgebenen Adelssitzausgeweitet wurde; hnlich wie das ebenfalls aus einer slawischen Ringburg hervorgegangene Schweriner Schloss. Nach dem Brand

des Lauenburger Schlosses zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts war das Ratzeburger Schloss die einzig verbliebene grere Residenz desHerzogtums. Sie war unter anderem der Geburtsort von Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg. Die Askanier gelangtenim Zuge des Dreiigjhrigen Krieges an die in Bhmen gelegene Herrschaft Schlackenwerth und residierten von da an vorwiegendauerhalb des Herzogtums. Das dortige Schloss wurde mit groem Aufwand errichtet und ausgestattet, whrend die Bauten imnrdlich gelegenen Stammland vernachlssigt wurden. Nach dem Aussterben der Askanier fiel das Herzogtum an das Frstentum


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Lneburg. Ratzeburg wurde nun mit einem modernen Festungsgrtel umgeben, fr dessen Bau das Schloss ab 1690 weitgehendniedergelegt wurde. Die Festung am Rande des dnischen Einflussgebiets erregte das Missfallen des dnischen Knigs Christian V.,der Ratzeburg darauf 1693 durch ein mehrtgiges Bombardement fast vollstndig zerstren lie. Auch die noch verbliebenen Restedes Schlosses fielen dem Beschuss zum Opfer. Die Stadt wurde bis ins 18. Jahrhunderts neu wieder aufgebaut, da das herzoglicheHaus jedoch keinen Bedarf mehr an einer dauerhaften Residenz in Ratzeburg hatte, wurde kein Neubau des Schlosses in Angriffgenommen.GegenwartVom Schloss sind heute kaum noch Spuren vorhanden, wenngleich einige Fundamentreste im Erdreich berdauert haben. Der einstigeStandort des Schlosses wird bis in die Gegenwart als Schlosswiese bezeichnet, dort im Boden sind auch die Ausmae eines derfrheren Trme markiert. Wenngleich das eigentliche Ratzeburger Schloss seit Jahrhunderten zerstrt ist, befindet sich im Dombezirkmit dem Herrenhaus der Herzge von Mecklenburg ein weiterer schlosshnlicher Bau, der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts als

Nebenresidenz der Herzge von Mecklenburg-Strelitz in deren Ratzeburger Exklave errichtet wurde. Dieser Bau beherbergt heute dasKreismuseum, in dem unter anderem auch die Geschichte der Stadt Ratzeburg und ihres zerstrten Schlosses erlutert wird.Literatur

Hans Maresch, Doris Maresch: Schleswig-Holsteins Schlsser, Herrenhuser und Palais. Husum Verlag, Husum 2006,ISBN 3-89876-278-5.

Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen, Elke Imberger, Dieter Lohmeier, Ingwer Momsen (Hrsg.): Die Frsten des Landes. Herzgeund Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumnster 2008, ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5.

WeblinksRekonstruktionszeichnung von Wolfgang Braun

Karte von Ratzeburg im 17. Jahrhundert 1693

http://www.museen-

sh.de/ml/digi_einzBild.php?pi=10010001542_I%20K%2080%20Nr%209%202Ex&inst=10010001542&mab_id=10010001

542&nameInst=Schleswig-Holsteinische%20Landesbibliothek&&page=11&action=vonsuche&r=122


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Niels JuelFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Portrait of Niels Juel by Jacob Coning

Born 8 May 1629 Christiania, Norway

Died 8 April 1697 (aged 68) Copenhagen, Denmark

Buried at Church of Holmen

Allegiance DenmarkNorway

Service/branch Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy

Rank Admiral

Battles/wars Battle of landBattle of Kge Bay

Awards Order of the Elephant

Niels Juel (8 May 1629 8 April 1697) was a DanoNorwegianadmiral. He was the brother of the diplomat Jens Juel.

Niels Juel was born the son ofErik Juel and Sophie Clausdatter Sehested, both were descendant ofDanish nobility,

[1][2]

who lived inJutland where the father had a career as a local functionary and judge. However, Niels Juel was born in Christiania in Norway, wherehis mother sought refuge during the 1627 invasion of Jutland in the Thirty Years' War, while his father took part in the defense of thecountry at home. The following year, ather the occupation had ended, the family was reunited in Jutland, but from the age of 6, NielsJuel was brought up by his aunt Karen Sehested at the Stenalt estate near Randers. He served his naval apprenticeship under MaartenTromp and Michiel de Ruyter, taking part in all the chief engagements of the First Anglo-Dutch War (165254) between England and


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the Netherlands. During a long indisposition at Amsterdam in 1655-1656 he acquired a thorough knowledge of shipbuilding, andreturned to Denmark in 1656 a thoroughly equipped seaman. He served with distinction during the Dano-Swedish Wars of 1658-60and took a prominent part in the defence ofCopenhagen against Charles X ofSweden.During fifteen years of peace, Juel, as admiral of the fleet, labored assiduously to develop and improve the Royal Dano-NorwegianNavy, though he bitterly resented the setting over his head in 1663 of Cort Adeler on his return from the Turkish wars. In 1661 Juelmarried Margrethe Ulfeldt. On the outbreak of the Scanian War he served at first under Adeler, but on the death of the latter inNovember 1675 he was appointed to the supreme command.He then won a European reputation, and raised Danish sea-power to unprecedented eminence, by the system of naval tactics,perfected by Michiel de Ruyter in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and afterwards by Horatio Nelson, which consists in cutting off a partof the enemy's force and concentrating the whole attack on it. He first employed this manoeuvre at the Battle of Jasmund offRgen(25 May 1676) when he broke through the enemy's line in close column and cut off five of their ships, which, however, nightfall

prevented him from pursuing. Juel's operations were considerably hampered at this period by the conduct of his Dutch auxiliary,Philips van Almonde, who accused the Danish admiral of cowardice. A few days after the battle of Jasmund, Cornelis Tromp son ofMaarten with 17 fresh Danish and Dutch ships of the line, superseded Juel in the supreme command.Juel took a leading part in Cornelis Tromp's great victory offBattle of land (1 June 1676), which enabled the Danes to invade Scaniaunopposed.On 1 June 1677 Juel defeated the Swedish admiral Erik Carlsson Sjblad in the Battle of Mn. On the 30th of June 1677 he won hisgreatest victory, in the Battle of Kge Bay (though it really happened at Stevns, seeing that the ships never entered the bay), where,with 25 ships of the line and 1267 guns, he routed the Swedish admiral Henrik Horn with 36 ships of the line and 1800 guns. For thisgreat triumph, the just reward of superior seamanship and strategy at an early stage of the engagement, Juel's experienced eye told himthat the wind in the course of the day would shift from S.W. to W. and he took extraordinary risks accordingly; he was madelieutenant admiral general and a privy councillor. This victory, besides permanently crippling the Swedish navy, gave the Danes theself-confidence to become less dependent on their Dutch allies.In the following year Cornelis Tromp was discharged by Christian V, who gave the supreme command to Juel. In the spring of 1678

Juel put to sea with 84 ships carrying 2,400 cannon, but as the Swedes were no longer strong enough to encounter such a formidablearmament on the open sea, his operations were limited to blockading the Swedish ports and transporting troops to Rgen.After the Treaty of Lund Juel showed himself an administrator and reformer of the first order, and under his energetic supervision theDanish navy ultimately reached imposing dimensions, especially after Juel became chief of the admiralty in 1683. Personally Juel wasthe noblest and most amiable of men, equally beloved and respected by his sailors, simple, straightforward and unpretentious in all hisways. During his latter years he was popularly known in Copenhagen as the "good old knight". He is buried in the Church of Holmen.References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).Encyclopdia Britannica(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

1. ^"Juel Tsinge" (in Danish). roskildehistorie.dk. http://www.roskildehistorie.dk/stamtavler/adel/Juel/Erik_Juel.htm.Retrieved 2010-03-29.

2. ^"Sehested" (in Danish). roskildehistorie.dk.3. http://www.roskildehistorie.dk/stamtavler/adel/Sehested/Sehested.htm.

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