the d Ø experiment now and later…
DESCRIPTION
The D Ø Experiment now and later…. Hal EvansColumbia University. Sweeping Generalizations(broad goals of HEP) Experimental Specifics(the Tevatron & D Ø) Wild Predictions(Run II Physics at D Ø). Run II has started!. We haven’t seen the Higgs yet. Fundamental Forces: Bosons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 1
The DØ Experiment now and later…
The DØ Experiment now and later…
Hal Evans Columbia University
1. Sweeping Generalizations
(broad goals of HEP)
2. Experimental Specifics
(the Tevatron & DØ)
3. Wild Predictions
(Run II Physics at DØ)
Run II has started! We haven’t seen the Higgs yet
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 2
What do We Know?What do We Know?
Fundamental Forces: Bosons Point-Like Particles: Fermions
Force Boson Mass[GeV]
Strength
Gravity G 0 10-39
E-M 0 10-2
Weak W 80.419 10-5
Z0 91.1882
Strong g 0 10-1 (MZ)
E-W Sym H0 >113 mf2
Particle Chg[e]
Mass [MeV]
Leptons
e 0 O(<eV)
e -1 0.5 105 1777
Quarks
u c t +2/3 1–5 1300 174300
d s b -1/3 3–9 150 4.4
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 3
What’s it all about?What’s it all about?
The broad goal of HEP measure something at odds w/
an SM prediction hints of what lies beyond
If it ain’t broke – fix it!1. Has 19 arbitrary parameters
2. Higgs Mass not stable to radiative corrections
~ Mplanck for no new physics
Mh < 800 GeV tuning to 10-16
3. Why’s? of EW Symmetry Breaking
4. What about Gravity? Why Mpl(1018GeV)»MEW(250GeV)?
222
20
2
4~ hhh MMM
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 4
Where do we look?Where do we look?Concentrate on areas where
we don’t have complete understanding measurements are few
1. EW Symmetry Breaking Higgs in SMa. direct searches for Higgs / new particles
need highest possible energy (or lowest)
b. precision measurements of EW param’s sensitivity to H.O. effects from Higgs/New Phys
c. effects in rare processes New Phys couples to mass t-,b-decays
2. Quark Weak vs. Mass Eigenstates CKM Matrix in SM Mixing, CP Violation,…
B0, K0 decays
3. Lepton Weak vs. Mass Eigenstates same in SM neutrino mass, mixing & CP
4. Strong Interactions QCD in SM Perturbative vs. Non-perturb.
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 5
Stalking the HiggsStalking the Higgs
LEP EW-WG: hep-ex/0103048fit)(EW GeV 60 m
(direct)GeV 113.3m5229-H
H
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 6
Quarks are all mixed up !Quarks are all mixed up !
Quark Weak Mass Eigenstates
CKM Mixing Matrix
Independent param’s 3 angles 1 complex phase
CP-viol
CP violation obs. in K0, B0 systs
Unitarity of VCKM 12 eqn’s the Unitarity Triangle is one
b
s
d
VVV
VVV
VVV
'b
's
'd
tbtstd
cbcscd
ubusud0 *
tdtb*cdcb
*udub VVVVVV
(0,0) (0,1)
(,)
*ubud
*tbtd
VV
VVarg
*cbcd
*tbtd
VV
VV
*tbtd
*cbcd
VV
VVarg
*cbcd
*ubud
VV
VVarg
*cbcd
*ubud
VV
VV
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 7
How to Build a TriangleHow to Build a Triangle
X)(B
)(B
mixing) (B
)KJ/(B 0ψ
K)D ,hh(B s
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 8
Leptons too?Leptons too?
Mixing formalism is possible for leptons 2-flavor mixing is simplest
Oscillation Probability Posc = sin22 sin2(1.27m2L/E)
m2 = m12 – m2
2
Note: = 0 in the SM
2
1
cossin
sincose
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 9
Some Guidance ?Some Guidance ?
There are lots of Ideas… Dynamical Symmetry
Breaking Technicolor:
running, walking, limping…
Supersymmetry (SUSY) GMSSM, SUGRA, R-Parity
Violating
Large Extra Dimensions testable string theory!
etc., etc., etc…
They all answer some questions
They all look like the SM at low E
Differences only show up at high Energy small corrections to SM
predictions
2 Strategies: Look Harder Precision Bigger Hammer Energy
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 10
If you knew SUSY...If you knew SUSY...
Higgs Mass problem can be solved by adding a Superpartner for every SM particle
and 5 Higgs: h0, H0, A0, H±
Usually require R-Parity Conserv
LSP is stable (often )
Note: SUSY is a broken at low-E
M(susy ptcl’s) M(SM ptcl’s)
Simplest SUSY models require Mh < 135 GeV (!!!)
01
~
Standard Model Superpartners
Particle S Sparticle S
½ 0
½ 0
½ 0
1 ½
0 ½
1 ½
RL q,q
RL ,
L
,Z,W 0
H,A,H,h 000
g
RL q~,q~
RL
~,~
L~
21~,~
04
03
02
01
~,~,~,~
g~
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 11
Collisions at the TevatronCollisions at the Tevatron
p Collisions qq(g) Interact’s
Fermilab Tevatron:
•Circumference ~ 4 mi.
•20’ underground
•1000 super-conducting magnets
UnderlyingEvent
u
u
d
gq
q u
u
d
Hard Scatter
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 12
The Times – they are a changin’The Times – they are a changin’
Major upgrade to the Tevatron main injector antiproton recycler
Ib
92-96
IIa
01-03
IIb
03-07…
Tot. Anti-p (x1012) 0.3 1.1 4-11
Bunches 6x6 36x36 140x103
Spacing [ns] 3500 396 132
E-CM [GeV] 1800 1960 1960
Typ. Lumi. [cm-2s-1] (x1032)
0.016 0.86 2–5.2
Lumi/week pb-1 3.2 17.3 40–105
Tot Lumi fb-1 0.125 2 15–20
Int’s/X’ing 2.5 2.3 1.9–4.8
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 13
DØ CollaborationDØ Collaboration
>500 People 17 Countries
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 14
DØ Run II UpgradeDØ Run II UpgradeCentral Scintillator
Forward Mini-drift chamb’s
Forward Scint
Shielding
Tracking: Solenoid,Silicon,Fiber Tracker,Preshowers
New Electronics,Trigger,DAQ
Calorimeter
Central PDTs
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 15
SiliconSilicon
Status all detectors installed reading out ~25%
cabling/checkout ~all by mid May
tracks seen!
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 23 4
5 67 8
9101112
• 6 Barrels
• 12 F-Disks
• 4 H-Disks
• 793k Channels
• 3.0 m2 Si (1.6 m2 D.S.)
• SVX IIe Readout
• L2 Trigger (’02)
Barrels F-Disks H-Disks
Strip Pitch [m] 50 (A)153 (90)62.5 (2)
62.5 (n)50 (p)
80
D.S. Stereo 90o / 2o ±15o ±7.5o
R/O Len. [cm] 12.4 7.5 14.6
Tot. Len [cm] 72 ~100 120
Inner Rad. [cm] 2.7 2.6 9.5
Outer Rad. [cm] 9.4 10.5 26
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 16
Silicon PicturesSilicon Pictures
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 17
Fiber TrackerFiber Tracker
Silicon
Central Fiber Tracker
Solenoid
Forward Preshower
Central Preshower
Scint Fibers (830 m)
8 dbl Cylinders Axial & (±3o)
Radii: 20 – 51 cm Active Lengths:
1.66 m (inner-2) 2.52 m (outer 6)
VLPC Readout: ~77k Channels SIFT + SVX IIe
L1 Trigger Info
Status detector & w’guides
installed reading out ~5%
electronics in prod install electr over
summer
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 18
Fiber Tracker PicturesFiber Tracker Pictures
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 19
PreshowersPreshowers
Status Central & Forward installed waiting for electronics (CFT)
some noise issues in trigger
Central Forward
Detector Triangular Scint. Fibers
Pre-radiator(Pb + det)
2Xo 2Xo
Fibers Axial & ±20o stereo
±22.5o
Channels 7.7k 16k
|| Coverage <1.2 1.4 – 2.5
Readout readout shared w/ CFT
e-Trig Bgrd Rej
x 3 – 5 x 2 – 4
Central
Tracking
Solenoid
Central PS
Solenoid
Tracking
Forward PS
Calorimeters
Forward
Calorimeter
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 20
Forward PS InstalledForward PS Installed
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 21
CalorimetersCalorimeters Detector Unchanged from Run I
(U-LAr) New Electronics to cope with BX
frequency
Status reading out entire calorimeter waiting for final electronics
mainly effects forward trigger
New Calibration Tools Zbb (b-jet scale)
Peak pos to 0.3% Requires STT
E/P new track Pt meas.
|| Coverage < 4.0
Granularity : 0.10.1
Energy Res EM 14%/E <1% (~0)
Had 50%/E
Jet 80%/E
Electrons
E/P
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 22
Muon SystemMuon System Replace Forward System
MDTs + Scint Pixels
Add Scint’s in Central improved triggering PDTs from Run I remain
Improve Beam Shielding Remake Trigger System
Status all detector elem’s installed signals seen! ramping up triggers
PDTs(Run I)
Trigger Scint (A-)
Scint Pixels
Bottom B/C Scint
MDTs (Iarocci)
Shielding
Toroids
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 23
A-Layer Forward PixelsA-Layer Forward Pixels
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 24
Other SystemsOther Systems
Luminosity Monitor operational
Forward Proton Detector improve DØ diffraction measurements series of Roman Pots outside of quad’s
ICD & Massless Gaps fill cracks in calorimeter electronics in production
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 25
Trigger HappyTrigger Happy
Conclusion: too much Physics!Physics Rates
Process X-Sector BR
Rate
(L=2x1032)
Inelastic p 50 mb 10 MHz
50 b 10 kHz
pWX 22 nb 4.4 Hz
pZXbbX 1 nb 0.2 Hz
7.2 pb 5 / hour
~100%
e/ + jets 35%
only jets 44%
425 fb 7 / day
22%
56%
)( bbpp 1y
ttpp bbWW -
H(*) W/Zpp bb e/
bb qq
* M(H) = 100 GeV
L14.2 s
(128 terms)
L2100 s
(128 terms)
L350 ms
(48 nodes)
7 MHz• Single Sub-Det’s
• Towers, Tracks, ET-miss
• Some correl’s
• Not deadtimeless
• Correlations
• Calibrated Data
• Physics Objects e,,j,,ET-miss
• Simple Reco
• Physics Algo’s
10 kHz
1 kHz
50 Hz
F’work
Data
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 26
DØ Trigger & DAQDØ Trigger & DAQ
Status Level 1
basic triggers available driven by CFT electronics
Level 2 electronics in production expect first triggers in June
Level 3 running at reduced rate SBs redesigned & in prod
CAL
c/f PS
CFT
SMT
MU
FPD
L1Cal
L1PS
L1CTT
L1Mu
L1FPD
L2Cal
L2PS
L2CTT
L2STT
L2Mu
Global L2Framework
Detector
Lumi
Level 1 Level 27 Mhz 10 khz 1 khz FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
VRC 1
VRC 8
SB 1 SB 4
EvtTagGen
Node
Node
Node
Node
Token rdout loop
evt tag loop
ethernetL1,L2 Info
Level 3 & DAQ
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 27
Here it is!Here it is!
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 28
Detector PerformanceDetector PerformanceDØ – Run I DØ – Run II CDF – Run II
Field T 0 2.0 1.4
Tracking
accept <3.0 <3.0(Si) ; <1.7 (CFT) <2.0(Si) ; <1.0(COT)
Radii cm 3.7-75 2.8-10.0(Si) ; <52(CFT) 1.6-10.7(Si) ; <132(COT)
PT/PT % — 20.2pt 0.70.1pt
Imp par m — 1350/pt 622/pt
Prim Vtx m 15-30(r) 10-35(r)
Sec Vtx m — 40(r) ; 80(rz) 14(r) ; 50(rz)
Mass res (J/) MeV — 27 16
PID PreShower dE/dx,TOF
accept <4.0 <3.6Calo
0.10.1 0.10.26
EM res % 14/E 16/E
Jet res % 80/E 80/E
accept <3.6 <2.0 <1.5Muon
cover 90% increase scint 80% (cen)
Shield I 12-18 beam shielding 5.5-20
P/P % 18 0.3p —
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 29
The Run II Game PlanThe Run II Game PlanDates Tevatron DØ
Oct-Nov/00 Eng Run ( CDF L 5x1029) Finish SMT
26/Jan/01 Detector rolled in
1/Mar/01 Official Run II Start Detector Open
3/Apr/01 First Colliding Beam (1x8) Timing In Detectors
27/Apr/01 36x36 stores Final mu-chamber gas
3-17/May/01 2-week shutdown All Si cabled – Close det.
May-Aug/01 36x36 stores w/ shutdowns Install electronics as avail
Jul/01 L2 Cal and Muon
Sep/01 1-month shutdown Fully instrument – full rate
Oct/01-2003 Run IIa 2 fb-1
Jun/2002 STT installed
2003 Long Shutdown Install new silicon, etc.
2003-2007 Run IIb >15 fb-1
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30Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001H.Evans
Physics Galore!Physics Galore!
Run II Tevatron Working Groups http://www-theory.fnal.gov
Publications Higgs hep-ph/0010338 SUGRA hep-ph/0003154 BTMSSM hep-ph/0006162 RPV hep-ph/9906224 GM SUSY hep-ph/0008070 Electroweak Fermilab-PUB-00/297 Top see web (above) B see web (above)
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 31
QCD is ITQCD is IT
Background Properties Low ET Jets
ET Balanced
No High PT Leptons No Displaced Vertices
gqqpp Process X-Sect
Inelastic p ~50 mb
~100 b
pWX 22 nb
pZXbbX 1 nb
7.2 pb
425 fb
bbpp
ttpp
H(*) W/Zpp
g
g
q
gq
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 32
Vector BosonsVector Bosons Properties
High ET Jet
High PT Lepton Missing Energy
Backgrounds QCD Instrumental (miss-meas.)
jet
WXpp
q
gq
W
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 33
Top ProductionTop Production Properties
High ET Jets Displaced Vertices Soft Leptons (b) High PT Leptons Missing Energy
Backgrounds W/Z + jets WW, ZZ, WZ QCD + miss-meas.
q
q
t
t
W
W qq
bb
jjbbttpp
bb
jet
jet
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 34
B ProductionB Production Properties
Displaced Vertices Soft Leptons (b)
Backgrounds QCD Other B-decays
g
g
b
b
Xbbpp
bb
0SK
XB
K/JB 0S
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 35
HiggsHiggs Properties
High ET Jets Displaced Vertices Soft Leptons (b) High PT Leptons Missing Energy
Backgrounds W/Z + jets WW, ZZ, WZ Top QCD + miss-meas.
q
q
W
Hbb
bbWHpp
bb
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 36
SM Higgs at the TevatronSM Higgs at the Tevatron
Representative Cross-Sections
(s = 2.0 TeV)
Moral:Use WH / ZH Production
Mode [pb](mH = 100 GeV)
ggH 1.0
WH 0.30
ZH 0.17
WZ + ZZ 4.4
Wbb + Zbb 14
tt 7.5
tb + tq + tbq 3.4
QCD O(108) – dijetO(105) – 4j
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 37
Expect the UnexpectedExpect the Unexpected Properties
High ET Jets Displaced Vertices Soft Leptons (b) High PT Leptons Missing Energy
Backgrounds W/Z + jets WW, ZZ, WZ Top QCD + miss-meas.
TjjbbXt~t~pp q
q
t~
t~
W
W qq
bb
01
0111
~qq,~~;~bt~
~
~0~
0~
b
bjet
jet
0~
0~
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 38
Recognizing PhysicsRecognizing Physics
Object High ET Leptons
High ET Jets Missing ET Decay Vertices
Bgrd QCD rare low E all visible rare
W/Z W —
low E — —
bJ/Ks J/l+l- — —
Top tbW
Higgs phW/Z h bb
SUSY
bbpp
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 39
PrecisionPrecision
Also watch for W X-sect Luminosity measurement tWb / t Wq tt Spin correlations top Yukawa (ttH) top – anti-top resonances
Measurement Current DØ (2 fb-1) LHC (10 fb-1) Comments
W / yr 1.5 104 (LEP2)
4.4 107 huge
~100 1.4 104 107
t X / yr 0 5 103 3 106
MW [GeV] 80.427 ± 0.046 ± 0.030* ± 0.02-0.01
± 0.010 (NLC)
*MH to 30 MeV
Mt [GeV] 174.3 ± 5.1 ± 2.7 (1.6) < ± 2
<13.5 20%* <15% *|Vtb| to 12%
BR(tWob) 0.91 ± 0.39 5.5% V-A check
/ yrtt
[pb] tX)p(p
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H.Evans Cornell Colloquium - 30 April, 2001 40
Precision EW TestsPrecision EW TestsTop Mass Errors
W Mass Errors Most scale with luminosity What may not
PDFs(): 7 MeV Run I
Pt(W): 15 MeV Run I
[GeV] Run I Run IIa w/ STT
Stat 5.6 1.3
Jet Pt 4.0 2.2 0.5
MC gen 3.1 0.7
Model 1.6 0.4
Fit 1.3 0.3
Syst 5.5 2.3 1.0
Total 7.8 2.7 1.6
Run II proj
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BeautyBeauty
Also watch for b Production x-section & correlations Bs Ds K, J/ , … Bd mixing B-hadron properties: lifetimes, spectroscopy, polarization Onia
Measurement Current DØ (2 fb-1) BTeV (2 fb-1) Comments
5107 (BaBar) 61010 1.51011 in accept
sin2 0.50 ± 0.16 ± 0.03 ± 0.02 B J/ KoS
N(Bd +-) 49 (BaBar+Cleo) ~600 2.4 104 sin2
N(Bd K+K-) 0 ~1100 3.3 104
xs >19.6 ~30* >75 *Bs Ds l X
N(Bc) 20 600 Bc J/ l
(b) [ps] 1.23 ± 0.08 ± 0.11* *b J/
B K* + - 0 700 2200 FB Asymm
/ yrbb
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sin2 at DØsin2 at DØ
DØ Assumptions: S/B ~ 0.75 Time res: t ~ 100 fs
S
B
NDx
xe)(sin
d
dx td
11
2
412
2
2222
J/+- J/e+e-
Trig Eff 27% 20%
N(reco) 40000 30000
sin(2)0.04 0.05
0.03
Tag D2 (%) CDF I
D2 (%) CDF II
D2 (%) DØ II
DØ Diff
SS 1.8±0.5 2.0 2.0
Lept 0.9±0.1 1.7 3.1 cover
Jet Q 0.8±0.1 3.0 4.7 FW trk
Opp K — 2.4 — no K id
Comb 9.1 9.8
-
+
-
+
-b
b
/J0sK
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BJ/Ks ReconstructionBJ/Ks Reconstruction J/+-
2 Muons: ||<2.0, PT>1.5GeV
Ks+-
Long lifetime rejects bgrd Lxy/ > 5
4-Track Constrained Fit mass: J/, Ks
vertex: KsB, B primary
unconstr:
= 41 MeV
constr:
= 10 MeV
<Lxy> = 2.3 mm
res = 100 m
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SearchingSearching
Also watch for (list limited by imagination) SUSY particle zoo Technicolor Your favorite Beyond the SM theory
Measurement Current DØ (20 fb-1) LHC (100 fb-1) Comments
W(Z)HSM 50 (Run I) 9 103 5 104 MH = 100 GeV
MH [GeV] >113.3 180 (3) < 1000
SUSY (tan,MA) excl tan: 0.9-7.7 / 0.5-2.3
almost all 5 all h,H,A
m1/2 [GeV] > ~100 (LEP2) 180–280* ~all *mainly
t q Z <33% 2% 2 10-4 10-4 in SUSY
t q <3.2% 0.3% 1 10-4 10-5 in SUSY
t b H+ <45% 11% 3%
LED: MS [TeV] >1.0–1.4 2.1–3.5 6–8 D–4 = 2–7
MZ’ [GeV] >500-600 900-1200 2000
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Higgs SearchesHiggs Searches
Key Areas Improve bb Mass Resolution 30% b-tagging Eff 80% Backgrounds bb
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b-Quarks and the Higgsb-Quarks and the HiggsS
/B vs M
bb
S/B
vs b-tag
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Higgs at the LHCHiggs at the LHC
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Beyond the SM – MSSMBeyond the SM – MSSM
Tevatron
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ConclusionsConclusions
Run II has started Expect luminosity after May shutdown Stable running after September Run IIb >15 fb-1 before LHC
DØ is ramping up Finish instrumenting detector over summer Full capability after September shutdown
DØ vs. The Standard Model Scorecard
Precision (2 fb-1) Searches (20 fb-1) Quark M vs Weak (2 fb-1)
MW 30 MeV HSM 180 sin2 0.03
Mt 1.6 GeV tan,MA most 5 xs 30
|Vtb| 12% rare top 10–40 K*+- 700 evts
LED 2–3.5 TeV
etc… etc… etc…