THE CRUSADES“Holy Wars”

QuestionHow is it that normal, reasonable humans

living during the Middle Ages, could become such evil, monsters during the Crusades?

CAUSES

In the 1050s the Muslim Turks invaded the Byzantine Empire

The Turks overran Jerusalem

The Byzantine Emperor was Alexius I

The Pope in Europe was Urban II

Alexius I asked Pope Urban for help

Pope Urban thought by helping Alexius he would also:

• Increase his power in Europe• Heal the split (schism) between the Roman an

Byzantine churches• Unite the Christians in fighting the Muslims

rather than each other

EFFECTS

Thousands of Knights volunteered

• Some did it out of religious zeal• Some hoped for wealth and land• Some wanted to leave problems

at home• Some yearned for adventure

First Crusade

• Christian Knights conquer Jerusalem

Second Crusade

• Saladin leads Muslims to retake Jerusalem

Third Crusade

• Richard the Lion-Hearted led Christian knights in attacking Jerusalem but fail to retake it

The Fourth Crusade

• Christian Knights on their way to Jerusalem get into a fight with Byzantine knights

• The Christian Knights from Europe back up Venetian traders

• The Byzantine Knights back up the Byzantine traders

The Results

• Christian knights from Europe take and loot Constantinople

Meanwhile…

• Muslim warriors attack and retake all the land the earlier Crusades captured

Violence and hatred

• Both the Christians and Muslims massacred innocent Muslim, Christians and Jews during the Crusades

• This caused a legacy of religious hatred between the groups

Increased Trade

• Crusaders returned home with new items such as fabrics, spices and perfumes

• When the Crusades ended the Europeans desired more of these interesting items

Travel

• Europeans look

Outward

Marco….

Learning

• Europeans are introduced to Muslim advances and are reintroduced to Greco-Roman learning

http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/goldenages/islam.cfm

They witness the Islamic Golden Age=

“Pilgrims in Arms”

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t00wCdNgb5Q

Review +Other Examples of Religious Conflict:

• http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/conflict/religious.cfm