the cross and the compass - compromise and conflict

8/9/2019 THE CROSS AND THE COMPASS - COMPROMISE AND CONFLICT

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Sai @wepp bjc sai @el}bpp , @el}welkpi bjc @ejdnk`s

g{

Pbwb Dwbal


2/39

7

Kjswecy`skej

Sai `wepp bjc sai èl}bpp* Vabs ce sai{ wi}wipijs5 Vabs bwi sai èjdnk`sp5 Kp ks }eppkgni dew

eji lbj. eji èyjsw{ se ilgwbì sail gesa5 Bjc kd pe. va{5 Saipi bwi ryipskejp K vkpa se iq}newi.

p}i`kdk`bnn{ bp sai{ }iwsbkj se Liqkè. b èyjsw{ vksa b Welbj @bsaenk` aiwksbfi bjc b èyjsw{ vakà

ibwn{ vinèlic Dwiilbpejw{. b pi`wis pe`kis{ èjciljic g{ jkji ]b}bn Gynnp*2

K vbjs se pis dewsa sai

ckddiwijìp `nibwn{. kj ewciw se gissiw itbnybsi sai èjdnk`s ew sai èl}welkpi. bp sai `bpi lb{ gi* Kj

ewciw se ce sakp K vknn gwkidn{ neeo bs sai akpsewk`bn deyjcbskejp ed Dwiilbpejw{. bp vinn bp ksp }aknepe}a{

bjc ginkidp* K vknn bnpe ckp`ypp sai Welbj @bsaenk` e}}epkskej se saipi ginkidp. gesa fijiwbnn{ bjc lewi

p}i`kdk`bnn{ kj Liqkè*

Bdsiw }epkjf sai ìjswbn ckddiwijìp. K vknn swbì sai }bsa ed Dwiilbpejw{ dwel Ijfnbjc. ksp

gkwsa}nbì. saweyfa Dwbjì bjc P}bkj se Liqkè* Y}ej ksp bwwktbn kj Liqkè. sai }k`sywi gièlip

pelivabs lyccnic. vksa lbj{ e}}epkjf db`skejp bjc }enksk`bn lbjiytiwkjfp* Ks vknn gi kl}eppkgni kj b

}b}iw ed sakp pè}i se pews saipi eys. gys b gwkid neeo vknn fkti peli kcib ed sai lesktbskejp bjc lij kj

sai }iwkec ed ibwn{ Kjci}ijcijì* Sai lij vae deyjcic Dwiilbpejw{ kj Liqkè viwi edsij @bsaenk`

}wkipsp. vakà wbkpip peli dbp`kjbskjf ryipskejp*

Vabs vbp sai }epkskej ed sai @bsaenk` @aywà bs sakp skli5 Va{ ckc saiwi b}}ibw se gi nkssni

e}}epkskej bjc va{ vbp Dwiilbpejw{ pe vknnkjfn{ b`ì}sic g{ lbj{ kj @bsaenk`kpl5 K vknn bssil}s se

cibn vksa saipi ryipskejp wibnkxkjf sabs lewi wipibwà kp jiicic* Kj èj`nypkej. K ae}i se pyffips bwibp ed

dywsaiw wipibwà*

Sai @el}bpp Dwiilbpejw{ Cidkjic

Ksp akpsewk`bn weesp bjc }aknepe}a{

Vigpsiwp Jiv Vewnc Ck`skejbw{ !2;94+ cidkjic Dwiilbpejw{ bp sai }wkj`k}nip. wksybnp. is`* ed

Dwiilbpejp* B Dwiilbpej kp dywsaiw cidkjic kj Vigpsiwp bp B lilgiw ed bj kjsiwjbskejbn pi`wis

pe`kis{ abtkjf bp ksp }wkj`k}nip gwesaiwnkjipp. àbwks{. bjc lysybn bkc* Bngiws F* Lbòi{. b Lbpejk`

akpsewkbj. cidkjic Lbpejw{ bp b gibyskdyn p{psil ed lewbnp. tiknic kj bnnifew{ bjc knnypswbsic g{

p{lgenp*7


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0

Bnsaeyfa saiwi abp giij lyà p}i`ynbskej bgeys bj`kijs ewkfkjp ed Dwiilbpejw{. peli fekjf

gbò bp dbw bp Bcbl bjc lbj{ `nbklkjf Penelej bp ksp }wefijksew. leps bfwii sabs Dwiilbpejw{. bp ks kp

ojevj secb{. abc ksp gifkjjkjfp kj Ijfnbjc kj 2626*0 Hbò Abwwkp. b dewliw Vewpak}dyn Lbpsiw. vae

wijeyjìc Dwiilbpejw{ bjc gi`bli bj bwcijs @awkpskbj. saeyfas sabs Dwiilbpejw{ psillic dwel sai

seviw ed Gbgin vaij lij bssil}sic se bàkiti aibtij g{ saikw evj iddewsp* Ai bnpe p}eoi ed If{}skbj

bjc ]aeijk`kbj psejilbpejp vaepi winkfkeyp wksip bjc }bfbj l{psiwkip viwi abjcic cevj saweyfaeys sai

bfip*3

Sai vewc lbpej kp b Dwijà vewc. kjswecyìc kj Ijfnbjc g{ sai Jewlbjp* Saipi lbpejp. ew

pseji,`yssiwp. kl}ewsbjs kj lickitbn Iywe}i. gykns sai fwibs `bsaicwbnp bjc bggi{p ed sai skli* Sai{

hekjic sefisaiw se dewl fykncp pelivabs pklknbw se sai pi`wis pe`kiskip ed secb{p Dwiilbpejw{* Saikw

vewopae}p viwi èllejn{ `bnnic necfip* Ysknkxkjf b p{psil ed }bppvewcp ijbgni sail se gi pis b}bws

dwel èllej vewoiwp*9 Nkssni kjdewlbskej bgeys saipi pe`kiskip kp btbknbgni gidewi sai 22sa @ijsyw{.

bnsaeyfa saiwi bwi widiwijìp cbskjf gbò se sai ;sa ìjsyw{* Peli ed saikw }wb`skìp viwi se }wb{ dew sai

cibc. se bssijc dyjiwbnp ed fykncplij bp vinn bp }iwkeck`bn gbjryisp. se sboi penilj ijswbjì ebsap. se

èjswkgysi se b èllej }ywpi bjc se }wetkci bppkpsbjì kj ckpswipp*4

Saiwi kp ckpbfwiilijs bgeys sai libjkjf ed sai vewc Dwiilbpej* Ks lb{ abti libjs iksaiw b

lbpej vksa py}iwkew poknnp ew inpi eji vae vbp dwii se swbtin dwel fyknc se fyknc* Peli Lbpejp diin ks

libjp dwiicel dwel kjsinni`sybn gejcbfi*6

Ks kp ckddk`yns se ojev vaij sai yjkej e``ywwic gisviij }aknepe}ak` }wkj`k}nip bjc sai }wb`skìp

ed e}iwbskti ew `wbds lbpejp* Vaij `bsaicwbn gyknckjf ci`nkjic bdsiw sai Widewlbskej. peli necfip

gifbj se bclks aejewbw{ lilgiwp se kj`wibpi saikw lilgiwpak}* Pe`kis{ kj 21sa @ijsyw{ Ijfnbjc vbp kj

b psbsi ed lewbn ci`nkji* Sai dwiryij`{ ed winkfkeyp vbwp ckpèywbfic neeokjf se sai àywà bp b peywì ed

fykcbjì* Ijnkfasijlijs saeyfas. cikpl bjc ]wesipsbjskpl wynic sai cb{* Sai deyjckjf ed Dwiilbpejw{

gweyfas sai ae}i ed b jiv kjsinni`sybn winkfkej*1

Kj Nejcej. ej Hyji 73sa

. 2626. deyw necfip hekjic. deyjckjf eji Fwbjc Necfi*;

Heaj Saie}aknyp

Cipbfynkiwp. b Dwijà Ayfyijes lkjkpsiw icy`bsic bs Eqdewc. vbp ini`sic Fwbjc Lbpsiw* Ypkjf akp

kjdnyijì se `wibsi b ìjsiw ed ijnkfasijlijs. ai bjc Wit* Hblip Bjciwpej. b Pèsplbj. seeo sai seenp ed

sai gyknciwp swbci. b}}n{kjf p{lgenk` libjkjfp* Sai{ ckpfykpic kj Gkgnk`bn siwlkjenef{ sai bj`kijs }bfbj

l{psiwkip ed If{}s bjc esaiw wksip ypic kj Lbpejk` wksybnp*2=


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Sai }wegnil vbp se dkjc b sawii,denc dewlynb sabs veync pbskpd{ sai kjsinni`sybnp. vaeviwi bsswb`sic g{ aisiweceq l{psk`kpl? sai i``nipkbpsk`p. vae viwi bjqkeyp se}wipiwti sai swbckskejbn lewbnks{. sai pe`kbn dwblivewo ed sai àywà bjc ceflb ed@awkpskbjks{? bjc sai jegnilbj. ibfiw dew pelisakjf jiv. kjckddiwijs se sai kcib edcktkjks{

22

Hep B* Diwwbw Gijklink dins ks vbp kl}ewsbjs se yjciwpsbjc sai 21sa @ijsyw{ vksa ksp neti ed

}aknepe}a{ bjc cipkwi dew seniwbjì. }ibì. bjc dwbsiwjks{* ]ie}ni netic liiskjfp. pe`kiskip bjc `nygp.

ip}i`kbnn{ saepi vksa bj il}abpkp ej aylbjkpl bjc }aknbjsawe}{*27 Sakp blgkbjì. èlgkjic vksa sai

ckpknnypkejlijs sevbwc sai ipsbgnkpaic àywà. lbci Dwiilbpejw{ ip}i`kbnn{ bsswb`skti* Inkxbgisa J*

Lknnp pbkc sabs kj bj bfi ed @bsaenk` bjc ]wesipsbjs cktkpkej. bj bfi ed wibpej. Dwiilbpejw{ gi`bli b

yjkd{kjf dewì dew jej,èjdewlkpsp. pygpsksyskjf winkfkeyp ewsaeceq{ dew b ginkid kj sai }eviw ed sai

aylbj p}kwks. ed wibpej bjc sai tbnyi ed p`kijì*20

Vabs bwi sai sibàkjfp ed Dwiilbpejw{5 Hblip @bwsiw p}eoi ed bj bj`kijs eci ed isak`p !20;=+

vakà èjsbkjic sai }aknepe}ak` èjì}s ed sai }iwdi`sbgknks{ ed sai aylbj wbìsai gbpk` kcib ed

}wefwipp* Lbpejp }wefwippic kj poknnp dwel sai èllej nbgewiw se sai poknnic pseji lbpej se sai

bwàksi`s !lbpsiw lbpejp+* @bwsiw bnpe psbsic sabs saiwi vbp je ijcewpilijs ed ewkfkjbn pkj vakà èjì}s

abc ainc Iywe}ibj pe`kis{ kj gejcbfi dew etiw 2=== {ibwp*23 Lbjp kjpskj`sp se gyknc. se ewfbjkxi. se

p{lgenkxi bjc se paweyc akp b`sktkskip bjc saeyfasp kj l{psiwkeyp pi`wi`{ bwi sai dewìp kj akp jbsywi

y}ej vakà sai kjpsksyskej ed Lbpejw{ kp gykns*29

Bngiws F* Lbòi{. kj sai Ij`{`ne}bickb ed Dwiilbpejw{. pbkc sabs peli abti lbci sai lkpsboi

ed `bnnkjf Lbpejw{ @awkpskbj* Bnsaeyfa ks sbyfas sai kllewsbnks{ ed sai peyn bjc sai wipywwi`skej ed sai

gec{. ks vbp yjktiwpbn kj pè}i bjc èync gi aeli se sai Hiv. sai Lepnil. sai Gwbalbj bjc sai

Gyccakps* Ckp`k}nip ed itiw{ dbksa èync pygp`wkgi se ksp wiic*24 Sai ce`swkji ed wipywwi`skej iqkpsic

dwel bj ibwn{ }iwkec kj bnn jbskejp. blejf sai If{}skbjp. sai Gyccakpsp. sai Fwiiop bjc Welbjp* 26

Dwiilbpejw{ kp b pe`kis{ ed P}i`ynbskti Bwàksi`sp ijfbfic kj sai èjpswy`skej ed p}kwksybn sil}nip*21

Sai Gkgni vbp ypic blejf Lbpejp bp b p{lgen ed sai vknn ed Fec. gys vabsitiw iq}wippip sai vknn ed sai

cktkji èync gi ypic* Ks èync gi sai Oewbj. sai Enc Sipsblijs. sai Ticbp* Lbpejw{ sbyfas winkfkeyp

swysa gys ckcjs kjsijc se py}iwpici bj{ esaiw p{psil ed dbksa*2;

Ksp winkfkej kp sabs fijiwbn eji ed jbsywi bjc }wklkskti witinbskej abjcic se yp dwelpeli bj`kijs bjc }bswkbwàbn }wkipsaeec kj vakà bnn lij lb{ bfwii bjc kj vakàje lij `bj ckddiw* Ks kj`yn`bsip sai }wb`skì ed tkwsyi. gys ks py}}nkip je pàili ed


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wicil}skej dew pkj*7=

Lbpejp `nbklic se abti cwbvj dwel winkfkeyp dbksap ed bnn iwbp* Sai{ ginkitic sabs sai l{psiwkip

cijkic se sai fijiwbn lbpp ed }ie}ni abc giij abjcic cevj saweyfa bj ini`s fwey}* Saipi kj`nycic sai

@wypbciwp. ckp`k}nip ed Ksawbp bjc Iniypkp. sai Cwykcp bjc Ckej{pkbjp. Sai Ojkfasp Sil}nbwp. sai Ippijip. se

jbli gys b div*72 Sai{ il}abpkxic saikw lewbn cyskip se Fec. jikfagew bjc pind* Sai }wkj`k}ni ed gwesaiwn{

neti bjc lysybn ain} vbp ip}i`kbnn{ kl}ewsbjs. bjc ks vbp pbkc sabs Lbpejk` bddknkbskej seeo }wiìcijì etiw

bj{ esaiw gejc*

Ks `bj gi piij kllickbsin{ sabs Dwiilbpejw{ èlip kjse èjdnk`s vksa gbpk` @awkpskbj ginkidp* Leps

kl}ewsbjs veync gi sai cijkbn ed sai pkjdyn jbsywi ed lbj bjc sai ginkid kj sai Bsejilijs ed Hipyp @awkps se

}b{ dew sabs pkj* Pièjcn{. ks bclksp bnn winkfkejp* Jeji `bj `nbkl se gi sai peni swysa. bjc bnn dewl peli

pews ed l{psk`bn vaeni* @awkpskbj p{lgenp bwi ypic gys fktij b ckddiwijs libjkjf* Gidewi neeokjf bs sai

}bsa Lbpejw{ swbtinic dwel Ijfnbjc se Liqkè. vi vknn gwkidn{ iqblkji sai e}}epkskej ed sai Welbj

@bsaenk` @aywà*

Sai @wepp Welbj @bsaenk` E}}epkskej

Sai Welbj àywà vbp jes pnev kj wip}ejckjf se sakp jiv citine}lijs* G{ 2601 sai dkwps ]b}bn

Gynn bfbkjps Dwiilbpejw{ vbp dewsaèlkjf* @nilijs QKK p}eoi ed sai bppe`kbskejp ed ìwsbkj lij vae

pvewi ej sai Gkgni. }welkpkjf. yjciw sai sawibs ed siwwkgni }ijbns{. jes se ckp`nepi sai pi`wis }wb`skìp ed

saikw pe`kis{* Ai ci`nbwic sabs jes ejn{ viwi sai dbksadyn pyp}k`keyp ed saipi fwey}p. gys sai pi`ynbw }eviw

abc giij dewìc se èjcilj sail. bp sai{ viwi ijcbjfiwkjf sai pbdis{ ed sai psbsi* @ejciljbskej bjc

}weakgkskej ed saipi pe`kiskip. vabsitiw sai{ lkfas gi jblic. vbp kl}iwbskti* Ai bpoic dew sai dbksadyn se

èl}n{ yjciw }ijbns{ ed iqèllyjk`bskej*

Kj 2692. Gijick`s QKT bddkwlic sai Gynn ed Iqèllyjk`bskej bjc kj 2172 ]kyp TKK dennevic pyks.

psbskjf sabs saipi Lbpejp viwi sai pbli bp sai @bwgejbwkep ed Ksbn{* Sakp gynn pbkc sai{ `wibsic b winkfkej

b`èwckjf se saikw evj dbjsbp{ vksa ìwilejkip }wedbjkjf sai }bppkej ed Hipyp @awkps. pèwjkjf sai

pb`wblijsp ed sai àywà. vakni kjtijskjf jiv pb`wblijsp bjc kj`kskjf wiginnkej bfbkjps okjfp*

Kj 2174 Niej QKK p}eoi ed b fwey} `bnnic yjktiwpksbwkb vakà vbp bj bssil}s se Lbpejp se

kjce`swkjbsi sai {eysa* Ai ci`nbwic sabs Lbpejp pelisklip cijkic sai iqkpsijì ed Fec bjc bnpe ginkitic

sai peyn ckic vksa sai gec{* Ai kl}newic @bsaenk` wyniwp se py}}ews sai ]b}bn Gynnp. bp sai `bypi ed winkfkej

vbp kjsklbsin{ winbsic se sai vinngikjf ed pe`kis{* Lbpejp viwi bfbkjps sai yjkej ed àywà bjc psbsi.


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cipkwkjf se pii b àbjfi kj sai dewl ed fetiwjlijs* ]kyp sai TKKK kj 2171 vbwjic sabs Lbpejp }widiwwic

pi`ynbw icy`bskej bjc saepi sibàiwp vae veync èjcy`s sai {eysa se sai }bsap ed Gbbn* Esaiw }e}ip.

Fwifew{ QTK kj 2107. bjc ]kyp KQ kj 214; bddkwlic sai bgeti saeyfasp bjc iqèllyjk`bskejp*

Ej B}wkn 7=.2113 ]e}i Niej QKKK inbgewbsic dywsaiw* Ai nblijsic sabs Lbpejp akc saikw eghi`sktip

dwel itij saikw evj lilgiwp* Sai{ }wisijcic se gi vkpi nksiwbw{ lij sabs lis dew p kijskdk` }yw}epip.

èjskjybnn{ p}ibokjf ed kl}wetkjf `ktknkxbskej* Saepi vae hekjic fbti gnkjc egickijì se saikw nibciwp bjc

viwi }wi}bwic se egi{ yjciw }ijbns{ ed cibsa*77 Kj 2119 b P}bjkpa }wkips. Dnkq Pbwc { Pbntbj{. inbgewbsic

ej sai ij`{`nk`bn ed Niej QKKK kj b plbnn geeo ijsksnic. Lbpejw{ bjc @bsaenk`kpl* K abti kj`nycic b feec

cibn ed vabs ai abp se pb{. bp ks vbp sai gwebcips Welbj @bsaenk` bjsk,Lbpejk` tkiv sabs K ijèyjsiwic*

Ai àepi sai vewc Lbpejkple wbsaiw sabj Lbpejiwb vkpakjf se widiw se sai }iwtbpkti jbsywi ed

Lbpejw{ kjse bnn pe`kis{ bjc knnypswbskjf aev ks abc gièli }e}ynbw itij vksa saepi jes eddk`kbnn{ lilgiwp*

Ai èllijcic sai ]e}i dew akp gwbtiw{ kj p}ibokjf eys bfbkjps sai `wevjic Lbpejp ed ]wyppkb bjc

Ijfnbjc bp vinn bp sai cile`wbsk` bjc bwkpse`wbsk` witenyskejbwkip ed sai skli* Ai dins sai jiv ij`{`nk`bn

vbp sklin{* Bnsaeyfa Lbpejw{ abc giij piij dew vabs ks vbp. Pbsbjk` bjc bjsk,@awkpskbj. sai ce`swkjip bjc

saikw èjpiryijìp abc jes giij dynn{ ojevj* Ks vbp skli se p}ibo eys* Kj eji bjc b abnd ìjsywkip

Dwiilbpejw{ abc lbci kj`wickgni }wefwipp. kjtbckjf pe`kis{ bs bnn nitinp. b`rykwkjf petiwikfjs{ kj lbj{

psbsip*70

Pbwc èjskjyic g{ pb{kjf sabs sai kcib ed gikjf b dwbsiwjbn. àbwksbgni ewfbjkxbskej vbp liwin{ b

ckpfykpi. ijbgnkjf Lbpejw{ se akci ksp swyi àbwb`siw dwel sai jbti vae pbv ejn{ sai iqsiwjbnp* Ks vbp swyi

sabs sai{ ain}ic ibà esaiw vksa saikw bwiiwp. cip}ksi ckddiwijìp ed wbì bjc jbskejbnks{* Sai{ abc

bddknkbskejp kj lbj{ }nbìp. bjc edsij sai gips wièllijcbskej eji èync abti vbp se gi b Lbpej* Sai

leciwj psbsi abc gièli Lbpejk`. bjc ksp wi}wipijsbsktip viwi Lbpejp* Gi`bypi pe`kis{ vbp jev pe

ci}ijcijs ej sai psbsi sai vewps s{}i ed bgpenyskpl iqkpsic**bnleps bnn ed sai }ygnk` `bwiiwp viwi

ci}ijcijs ej Lbpejw{* Sai lknksbw{ vbp aibtkn{ kjdknswbsic* Itij sai nksiwbw{ vewnc vbp kjtentic* Cwblb

bjc jetinp sabs esaiwvkpi veync abti wiìktic nkssni b``nbkl gi`bli kllickbsi py`ìppip*73

Ai wililgiwic sabs @bsaenk`kpl abc dewliwn{ giij celkjbjs* Aep}ksbnp. ew}abjbfip. bjc bp{nylp

abc dewliwn{ giij wyj g{ sai àywà bjc àbwksbgni ewciwp* G{ libjp ed sai nbvp wiletkjf }we}iws{ dwel

àywà evjiwpak}. Lbpejp abc weggic sai àbwksbgni vewop ed ìjsywkip. wiletkjf sai }eew dwel sai

kjdnyijì ed sai àywà* Lbpejkple abc pygsn{ b`èl}nkpaic sakp. iwbpkjf dwel sai vewnc sai klbfi ed

@awkps. pygpsksyskjf sabs ed Ny`kdiw* Sai vewnc veync pywin{ ijc y} bp eji gkf necfi"79


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Pbwc èjskjyic vabs vbp Lbpejw{5 Ks vbp jesakjf lewi sabj jbsywbnkpl* Sai{ sbyfas sabs lbj

ckc jes dbnn kjse pkj bjc ckcjs jiic wicil}skej* ]iwab}p Lbpejp ginkitic kj b `wibsew. gys pywin{ jes b

wiciiliw* B`èwckjf se sail Hipyp vbp b lbj bjc sai àywà liwin{ b ciì}skej* Sai wbskejbn gikjf vbp

}iwdi`s. vksaeys jiic ed py}iwjbsywbn ain} se bàkiti eghi`sktip* Lbj abc vksakj aklpind sai bgknks{ se fbkj

bnn ai jiicic. bjc akp dwii vknn vbp èl}nisin{ `b}bgni*

Pe`kis{ vbp bnpe `b}bgni. b`èwckjf se sai Lbpejp. jes kj`nkjic se itkn* Sai ynsklbsi ijc ed sakp vbp

se cij{ sai àywà. Hipyp @awkps. bjc itij Fec* Lbj bjc pe`kis{ viwi }iwdi`s. èjswbw{ se sai itkcijì ed

ìjsywkip* Lbpejw{ p}eoi ed lysybn wip}i`s bjc irybnks{. vksaeys @awkps* Ks ginkitic sabs winkfkej vbp

}iwpejbn bjc kjsiwjbn* Lbj vbp dwii se vewpak} bjc piwti Fec bp ai cipkwic* Je eji èync egnkfbsi akl bp

ai }eppippic dwiicel ed ejp`kijì* @bsaenk`kpl ckpbfwiic* Sai witinbskej ed Fec vbp egnkfbsew{ dew lbj

bjc jbskejp* Se nbò dbksa bjc }wedipp e}kjkejp bfbkjps sai dbksa vbp jes b wkfas ed sai dwii lbj gys b

ckpfwbì ed sai nbx{ lbj*74

Pbwc bccic sabs sai psbsi ckc jes abti sai wkfas ed dwiicel ed winkfkej. itij saeyfa cktiwpi e}kjkejp

iqkpsic* Sakp vbp jes }wefwipp" Sai psbsi paeync jes gi kjci}ijcijs. pyghi`s ejn{ se ksp evj nbvp* Lbpejp

cijkic sabs sai psbsi vbp sai ewkfkj ed bysaewks{. sai kjpskfbsew ed sai dblkn{. sai bysaew ed nbv. sai ckwi`sew ed

icy`bskej* Sai psbsi gi`bli Fec* B`èwckjf se Weyppiby sai psbsi vbp sai pyl ed itiw{ejip vknn*

Vabsitiw sai lbhewks{ vknnic vbp feec* Vabsitiw sai lbhewks{ cidkjic bp swyi vbp swyi*

Sakp b`sybnn{ wipynsic kj cifwbckjf piwtkì dew bnn saepi vae ci}ijcic ej sai psbsi* Sai psbsi èync

gièli b aewwkgni cip}es* Kd saiwi viwi je }wkj`k}nip py}iwkew se lbjokjc. vabs wkfas. pbkc Pbwc. ckc sai

psbsi abti se wyni etiw lbj5 @bsaenk`kpl sbyfas sabs lbj vbp `wibsic se nkti kj pe`kis{ bjc saweyfa ks se

wibà akp dkjbn ijc* Sakp vbp jes b pe`kbn }b`s. gys b `wibskej ed Fec* Pe`kis{ abc b cktkji wkfas* Sai dkwps

deyjcbskej vbp bysaewks{? nifksklbsi bysaewks{ vbp b cktkji wkfas* Sakp ckc jes libj se pb{ sabs okjfp abc

peli okjc ed pb`wic abneks èync gi gipsevic ej sai bwkpse`wb`{ ew sai }ie}ni sailpintip. gys ks vbp jes

kj ksp evj jbli ew sai jbli ed }ie}ni gys kj sai jbli ed Fec*76

Yjceygsicn{ sai kcibp sabs Pbwc { Pbntbj{ bp`wkgic se Lbpejw{ viwi jes ewkfkjbn vksa pi`wis

pe`kiskip. gys sai necfip viwi kjdnyijskbn kj ckp}iwpkjf sakp saeyfas* Ks gièlip yjciwpsbjcbgni sabs lbj{

@bsaenk`p irybsic Lbpejw{ vksa ]wesipsbjskpl* Bnsaeyfa ]wesipsbjsp èync abwcn{ abti bfwiic vksa bnn sai

Dwiilbpejw{ sbyfas. sai{ il}abpkxic kjcktkcybnkpl. }iwpejbn pbntbskej bjc e}}epic sai bysaewks{ ed sai

Welbj @aywà. bp ckc Lbpejp*

B lewi wiìjs bysaew. Lbwskj Gbwwbxb. vwkskjf kj Gefes kj 2;4=. ijnkfasijic yp dywsaiw ej sai

e}}epkskej ed @bsaenk`kpl se Dwiilbpejw{* Dwiilbpejp bwi jes py}}epic se gi bsaikpsp* Sai{ ginkiti kj sai


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kllewsbnks{ ed sai peyn bjc b py}wili gikjf. widiwwic se bp sai Fwibs Bwàksi`s ed sai Yjktiwpi* Ai dins

Dwiilbpejw{ vbp gbpic ej sai dbnpi }wilkpi sabs bnn winkfkejp bwi sai pbli. sai èjì}s ed sai Fwibs

Bwàksi`s ijèl}bppkjf bnn jeskejp ed Fec. gi sai{ @awkpskbj. Hivkpa. ]bjsaikpsk`. is`*71 Ai jesic sabs jes

bnn necfip viwi bfwiic. bjc peli ckpnkoic sai kcib ed b Fwibs Bwàksi`s* Dwijà necfip wihi`sic sakp ginkid kj

2;7;. bjc Sai Fwbjc Necfi ed Ijfnbjc kllickbsin{ vksacwiv wièfjkskej*7; Ks vbp jes yjypybn dew

Dwiilbpejp se p}ibo vksa b `b}sktbskjf bjc b}}bwijs bjekjskjf* Sai l{psk`bn sijcij`kip ed sai p}kwks viwi

pbskpdkic* B`èwckjf se Gbwwbxb. aylbj }wkci vbp bnpe piwtic bp Dwiilbpejp `nbklic sai{ wiìktic sai

ippijì ed vkpcel dwel bnn bfip*0=

Sai ]b}bn Gynnp bwi psknn kj iddi`s secb{. bnsaeyfa nifkpnbskej kj 2;26 bnnevic @bsaenk`p se vksacwbv

dwel pi`wis pe`kiskip vksaeys gikjf iqèllyjk`bsic. kd sai{ abc hekjic kj kfjewbjì* Sakp vbp ryksi b

citkbskej dwel dewliw sklip vaij eji èync gi iqèllyjk`bsic g{ liwin{ ain}kjf Lbpejp ew wibckjf saikw

vwkskjfp*02

Gbwwbxb jesic sabs Lbpejp sbyfas sabs ewkfkjbn pkj. fwbì. pb`wblijsp bjc }wb{iw viwi l{sa* Sai

kjcktkcybn èync ginkiti kj saipi. gys sai psbsi paeync jes* Ai jesic. bp ckc Pbwc { Pbntbj{. sabs b`èwckjf

se Lbpejw{. sai bysaewks{ ed sai psbsi vbp dwel sai }ie}ni. jes dwel Fec* Lbpejw{ ypic nksywfk`bn p{lgenp

bjc @awkpskbj wipeywìp. b}}n{kjf libjkjfp ejswbw{ se sai @awkpskbj dbksa* Ej Aen{ Saywpcb{ Nep

@bgbnniwep ci Wepb,@wyx ìnigwbsic b l{psk`bn gbjryis. b gywnipryi ed sai Nbps Py}}iw. bjc sai

Wipywwi`skej. kfjkskjf nkfasp vakà abc giij iqskjfykpaic ej Aen{ Saywpcb{ bjc }wejeyj`kjf saipi vewcp8

[ip. l{ cibw gwesaiwp. cip}eskpl abp giij èjryiwic* Nkgiws{. irybnks{ bjcdwbsiwjks{. abti etiwèli* Kfjewbjì. py}iwpskskej. bjc dbjbsk`kpl bwi gikjf cwktijdwel sakp vewnc* Sai `wepp kp dew yp sai p{lgen ed tk`sew{ vksa vakà vi `bj cipswe{bnn ypyw}bskej*07

Sai Jiv @bsaenk` Ij`{`ne}ickb abp bj kjsiwipskjf bwsk`ni ej Dwiilbpejw{* Sai bysaew èllijsp

sabs Dwiilbpejw{ }eppippip bnn sai inilijsp ed winkfkej. cip}ksi `nbklkjf sabs ks kp jes b winkfkej* Ks abp

sil}nip. bnsbwp. }wb{iwp. tipslijsp. dibps cb{p. b akiwbwà{ bp vinn bp b lewbn èci* Bcckskejbnn{. saiwi kp bwksybn ed vewpak}. kj`nyckjf kjkskbskej bjc gywkbn wksip. bjc wivbwc ew }yjkpalijs kj bj bdsiwnkdi* Sai

b}}ekjslijs ed àb}nbkjp fktip sai dbnpi kl}wippkej sabs Dwiilbpejw{ kp @awkpskbj* @awkpskbj ce`swkjip bwi

jes èjpkciwic }we}iw se ckp`ypp. bp sai{ bwi cktkpkti* Sai Lbpejk` `bjckcbsi piiop nkfas* Ai kp bppywic sabs

sai necfi vknn }wetkci sai nkfas ed p}kwksybn kjpswy`skej ai kp yjbgni se wiìkti kj sai àywà* Kd ai nktip bjc

ckip b`èwckjf se Lbpejk` }wkj`k}nip. ai vknn wibà sai abtij ed sai ìnipskbn necfi*00


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Cw* Sasl Jbf{ kj 2;40 vwesi vksa b ckddiwijs tkiv}ekjs* Bp b Hipyks. ai ci`kcic se kjdknswbsi sai

necfi kj Bwfijskjb. vksa sai }e}ip }iwlkppkej" Ai ckc pe vksa swi}kcbskej. wibnkxkjf sabs kd Lbpejp viwi

bp gbc bp wi}ewsic. ai lkfas ibpkn{ nepi akp nkdi* Bs nibps ai veync fbkj peli kjpkfasp" Ks seeo akl pkq

lejsap se ne`bsi bj ijswbjì }bsa* Sakp pibwà vbp pkl}n{ pentic g{ ne`bskjf bj bccwipp kj sai }aeji

geeo* Ai psknn abc se vbks sawii lejsap dew bj kjtksbskej* Ai abc se gi b`ì}sic g{ bnn sai necfip kj

Bwfijskjb. bjc eji gnbògbnn èync abti cijkic lilgiwpak}*03

Jbf{ bnpe sinnp ed sai L{psk`bn Nbps Py}}iw* Sai sbokjf ed sai gwibc bjc vkji yjksic Lbpejp bp

gwesaiwp. ain}kjf sail se neti ibà esaiw* Sai vkji vbp b p{lgen ed kjsinnkfijì bjc sai gwibc ed pswijfsa*

Sai dkjbn gijick`skej vbp ]ibì gi vksa {ey* Fe bjc p}wibc sai tkwsyi sabs kp gewj ed dbksa bjc abwks{*

Ai èllijsic sabs sakp lkfas piil èlk`. gys vbp ceji vksa dbksa" 09

Ai èj`nycic g{ cidijckjf gesa kjpsksyskejp* Bnsaeyfa sai lbhewks{ ed lij kj Lbpejw{ viwi

bjsk`niwk`bn. sai kjpsksyskej vbp jes* Ai dins eji eync bnpe pb{ sabs @bsaenk`kpl vbpjs winkfkeyp* Lbj{

@bsaenk`p ckcjs ginkiti kj ainn ew sai Swkjks{ bjc wibc ejciljic geeop* Ai deyjc sai dennevkjf

pklknbwkskip gisviij Lbpejw{ bjc @bsaenk`kpl8 dbksa kj Fec bjc lewbn }wkj`k}nip. kjcktkcybn wip}ejpkgknks{.

kjsiwjbskejbn lkppkej. }iwpi`yskej g{ ck`sbsewp. il}abpkp ej vewnc }ibì. }wefwippktkpl. bjc pswyffni

bfbkjps swbckskej*

Ai wilbwoic sabs sai Hipyksp viwi sai dwiisakjoiwp kj sai àywà bjc saiwidewi `nepiw se Lbpejp sabj

sai wips ed sai àywà" Ks vbp ckddk`yns se ijsiw gesa ewciwp? ckp`k}nkji bjc egickijì viwi kl}ewsbjs? sai

cifwiip ed gesa viwi pklknbw. bp bpìjs ci}ijcic ej giabtkew bjc cilbjcic kjsinni`sybn liwks* Dkjbnn{. ai

vwesi b nissiw se ]e}i ]byn TK* Ai ae}ic se paev akp aenkjipp sabs Lbpejw{ vbp vewsavakni bjc paeync gi

b`ì}sic bp b psi} kj wibnkxkjf yjktiwpbn }ibì* Ai ginkitic sai èjciljbskejp ed sai àywà viwi

bgpenysin{ vksaeys gbpkp* Akp nissiw se sai }e}i vbp pkfjic. sai dbksadyn piwtbjs ed {eyw aenkjipp kj @awkps*04

Sakp kp b pbl}nkjf ed Welbj @bsaenk` tkiv}ekjsp* ]b}bn gynnp. sai Jiv @bsaenk` Ij`{`ne}ickb.

Pbwcb bjc Gbwwbjxb bwi kj sai lbhewks{. ejciljkjf Dwiilbpejw{ bp bjsk,@awkpskbj bjc bjsk,@bsaenk`* Jbf{

kp ksp neji py}}ewsiw. }iwab}p widni`skjf b lewi nkgiwbn @bsaenk`kpl*

Ks b}}ibwp sai gbpk` èjdnk`s kp kj sai sibàkjf ej sai jbsywi ed lbj* @awkpskbjks{ sibàip sabs lbj kp

pkjdyn. kj jiic ed wicil}skej* Lbpejw{ cijkip sakp bjc abp bj e}sklkpsk` tkiv ed gesa lbj bjc pe`kis{.

diinkjf sabs lbj abp vksakj aklpind sai piicp ed }iwdi`skej. vakà bwi gweyfas se dwykskej saweyfa skli bjc

}wefwipp* Bjesaiw egtkeyp èjdnk`s kp sai kj`nypkti jbsywi ed Lbpejw{. b ginkid sabs bnn winkfkejp abti


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èjswkgysic saikw gips se sai dwbsiwjks{. blbnfblbsic kjse peli okjc ed fnewkeyp vaeni* @awkpskbjks{. ej sai

esaiw abjc. ginkitip sabs Fec abp }wetkcic je esaiw pbntbskej dew lbjokjc sabs Akp evj Pej. Hipyp @awkps*

P}bjkpa Lbpejw{

Lbpejw{ kj P}bkj lb{ abti iqkpsic bp ibwn{ bp 2472. b`èwckjf se Nknnkbj Dkpaiw vae psbsic sabs

saiwi vbp itkcijì ed Lbpejw{ kj Pbnblbj`b bs sakp skli*06

Ks kp abwc se pb{ vabs s{}i ed Lbpejw{ sakp

èync abti giij* Sakp veync abti giij ibwnkiw sabj sai cbsi ed 2626 èllejn{ bp`wkgic se sai Ijfnkpa

ewkfkj ed p}i`ynbskti Lbpejw{* Sai Fwbjc Ewkijs ed P}bkj kj Lbcwkc ckc jes gifkj. aevitiw. yjskn 2674*

Newc Vabwsej vbp ksp deyjciw. bjc ks }wetic bsswb`skti se sai jegknks{ bjc sai icy`bsic lkccni `nbpp*01 Kj

264; sai P}bjkpa ipsbgnkpaic bj kjci}ijcijs Fwbjc Necfi*0;

Dwijà Lbpejw{ vbp kjswecyìc b gks nbsiw vksa sai bwwktbn ed Dwijà swee}p cywkjf sai Jb}eniejk`

kjtbpkej* Bnsaeyfa ks abp jes giij }wetic èj`nypktin{ sabs Jb}eniej Gejb}bwsi vbp b Lbpej. ikfas ed akp

dblkn{ lilgiwp ginejfic se Lbpejw{8 akp dbsaiw bjc bnn akp gwesaiwp* Bnleps bnn wifklijsp ed akp bwl{ abc

b lknksbw{ necfi* Kj 21=3 Hepi}a Gejb}bwsi vbp jblic Fwbjc Lbpsiw ed sai Fwbjc Ewkijs ed Dwbjì*3=

**je esaiw wifklijs kj Iywe}i vbp pe wip}ejpkgni kj sai citine}lijs bjc deyjckjf edLbpejw{*bnleps bnvb{p vaij sai swee}p ci}bwsic. b jiv necfi abc giijipsbgnkpaic**sai Dwijà lknksbw{ Lbpejw{ ed sai dkwps il}kwi }nbjsic necfipsaweyfaeys Iywe}ibj kjtijskej ed Jb}eniej se gi b }eviwdyn bwl vkjjkjfèjtiwsp dew akp kl}iwkbn `bypi ed Iywe}ibj celkjbskej*32

Dwijà Lbpejw{ abc b pelivabs ckddiwijs abwb`siw sabj sabs kjswecyìc g{ sai Ijfnkpa* Sai [ewo

Wksi !ewkfkjbskjf kj [ewo. Ijfnbjc+ bsswb`sic sai bwkpse`wb`{ vaiwibp sai Pèsskpa Wksi !swbckskej pb{p sabs ks

swbtinic se Dwbjì vksa Pèsskpa widyfiip dennevkjf Hblip KK kjse iqkni+37 vbp }e}ynbw vksa sai swee}p bjc

sai èllej }ie}ni*30

Kj 2123. cip}ksi sai wipsewbskej ed Diwckjbjc TKK se sai P}bjkpa saweji bjc sai èjpiryijs }weakgkskej

ed Dwiilbpejw{. nkgiwbn kcibp }wenkdiwbsic* Sai{ viwi ip}i`kbnn{ }e}ynbw blejf bwl{ eddkìwp b`skti kj sai

217= wiginnkej nic g{ @enejin Wbdbin Wkife. Fwbjc Lbpsiw ed sai Fwbjc Ewkijs ed P}bkj* Sai py`ìpp ed sai

wiginnkej ijbgnic sai wikjpsbsilijs ed sai @ejpsksyskej ed 2127. }nb`kjf pitiwi wipswk`skejp ej sai `niwf{ bjc


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sai bwl{. sawibsijkjf saikw }wktknifip*33

Lbpejw{ vbp kjpswylijsbn kj ipsbgnkpakjf fetiwjkjf hyjsbp bjc kj

èl}innkjf sai okjf se èjteoi sai @ewsip kj 217=*39

Inkxbgisa Lknnp ryesip @elkj @eneliw vae `nbklic sabs b necfi kj @abwnipsej. Peysa @bwenkjb.

kjdnyijìc P}bjkpa Necfip* Blejf sai necfip ed P}bkj vbp eji `bnnic Pe`kicbc ci Bliwk`bjep* Eji edksp }welkjijs lilgiwp vbp Liqk`bj ci}ys{ Dwb{ Piwtbjce Siwipb ci Lkiw* Liqk`bjp Wblep Bwkx}i bjc

Lkàinijb lb{ bnpe abti giij lilgiwp*34

Saipi P}bjkpa pi`wis pe`kiskip lis kj `bdip kj Lbcwkc. klksbskjf sai `nygp sabs lis kj `bdip kj Dwbjì*

Fetiwjlijs eddk`kbnp saeyfas ks jiìppbw{ se hekj kj ewciw se oii} bjc egsbkj }epkskejp* Peli hekjic eys ed

`ywkepks{ bjc se gi kj ps{ni* **b saeypbjc bji`cesip viwi senc kj Lbcwkc bgeys sai wkck`yneyp ìwilej{ ed

kjkskbskej*36 Bnsaeyfa sai Kjrykpkskej eysnbvic Lbpejw{ kj 2692. sai{ viwi bnnevic se èjskjyi yjciw sai

hywkpck`skej ed ne`bn pe`kiskip*31

Wkàbwc I* Fwiijnibd èllijsic ej sai jiic dew piwkeyp psyc{ ed sai èl}nk`bsic }enksk`bn

èllkslijsp vakà viwi ainc g{ P}bjkpa Lbpejp cywkjf sai Jb}eniejk` Iwb* Yjceygsicn{ sai cktkpkejp

gisviij nkgiwbn bjc èjpiwtbskti Lbpejp. bp vinn bp sai kjdnyijì ed Dwijà bjc Ijfnkpa necfip kj P}bkj.

viwi widni`sic kj sai }enksk`bn Lbpejw{ ed Liqkè*3; Peli dins sabs sai P}bjkpa @ewsip vbp celkjbsic g{

Lbpejp*9=

Saiwi vbp bj kl}ewsbjs necfi kj @ckx vksa lbj{ vibnsa{ P}bjkbwcp. bp vinn bp lbj{ kjdnyijskbn

kj sai P}bjkpa Jbt{* Sakp necfi vbp sai aibc ed P}bjkpa Lbpejw{ dwel 21=;,2127. kj e}}epkskej se sai

Necfi kj Lbcwkc. vaiwi Dwijà kjdnyijì vbp }wicelkjbjs* Je ceygs Bliwk`bj ci}yskip kj sai @ewsip viwi

kjtentic kj Lbpejw{*92

Ibwn{ Lbpejw{ kj Liqkè Gidewi 2179

Sai ibwn{ wièwc kp p}bwpi bjc pelivabs èjdypic. gys Lbpejw{ kj Liqkè kp bòjevnicfic kj

Kjrykpkskej wièwcp* Gidewi 2619 sawii `bpip abc giij swkic kj Liqkè* Bj Ksbnkbj bjc sve Dwijàlij abc

giij b``ypic ed gikjf Lbpejp*97

Cywkjf sai skli ed sai Dwijà Witenyskej saiwi viwi lbj{ Dwijàlij kllkfwbskjf se Liqkè*

Tkìwe{ Hybj Tkìjsi ci Filip ]bàiè { ]bcknnb !261;,;3+ gweyfas peli kj akp wiskjyi* Blejf sail

viwi ]icwe Gywcbnip. b gbwgiw. bjc Hybj Nbyppin. akp èeo* Liiskjfp viwi ainc kj sai aeli ed b vbsàlboiw

jblic Nbweài. bnnevkjf sai dewgkccij geeop ed sai ij`{`ne}ickb se gi wibc* Lejsiprykiy. Dknbjfkiwk. bjc

Tbsin viwi blejf bysaewp btkcn{ ckp`yppic* @ijpywi vbp kfjewic? sai kjsiwipskjf ryipskejp ed }enksk bn


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wkfasp bjc sai jbsywbn wkfasp ed lbj viwi cigbsic*90

Wièwcp ed sakp dkwps necfi abti èjpkciwbgni tbnkcks{ bp

sai{ bwi deyjc kj sai Fijiwbn Bwàkti ed Liqkè*93

]icwe Gywcbnip. sai gbwgiw. vbp kjtentic kj Lbpejw{* Ai `nbklic sabs Bwàgkpae} cej Bnejpe ci

Abwe [ ]iwbnsb vbp bnpe b lilgiw. nijckjf dkjbj`kbn py}}ews bjc }wetkckjf b liiskjf weel kj sai }bnbì*Akpsewkbj cej Jkènp Wbjfin bfwiic sakp vbp tiw{ }eppkgni bp sai Bwàgkpae} vbp b lbj ed èjpkciwbgni

nibwjkjf. abtkjf p}ijs skli kj Ksbn{ blejf sai pe`kbnn{ inksi. blejf vael sai necfi vbp dbpakejbgni*

Gywcbnip vbp jitiw `bnnic gidewi sai Kjrykpkskej pe wièwcp bwi jes btbknbgni kj akp `bpi* Nbweài. aevitiw.

vbp jes pe dewsyjbsi bjc abc se b}}ibw gidewi sai Aen{ Eddkì* Ai gywjic akp geeop. }eppkgn{ kj`nyckjf

Lbpejk` lbjybnp* Yjceygsicn{ akp bppe`kbskej vksa sai pi`wis pe`kiskip vbp wip}ejpkgni dew akp swkbn. gi`bypi

saipi pe`kiskip viwi sibàkjf sai cipswy`skej ed sai ]b}b`{ bjc sai Kjrykpkskej. bp vinn bp bcte`bskjf cekjf

bvb{ vksa we{bn }wktknifip* Hybj Nbyppin vbp bnpe èjciljic g{ sai Kjrykpkskej kj 26;9 bjc vbp iqknic se

Bdwk`b dew sawii {ibwp* B}}bwijsn{ Tkìwe{ Gwbj`kdewsi vbp jes bp seniwbjs ed Dwiilbpejw{ bp vbp akp

}wiciìppew*99

Cywkjf sai {ibwp 26;4,2122 saiwi bwi je wièwcic kjtipskfbskejp ed Lbpejp kj Liqkè*

Dwbjè}aegkb abc nippijic bjc sai Dwijà Lbpejp viwi seniwbsic* Tkìwe{ Hep Lkfyin ci Bwbjb !26;1,

21=4+ vbp bj kl}ewsbjs P}bjkpa Lbpej* Dwel sai {ibwp 21=1,2120 sai Liqk`bj Aen{ Ewciw ed sai

Kjrykpkskej vbp pygewckjbsi se sai @ewsip bjc deyjc ks abwc se }wepi`ysi Lbpejp bp lbj{ ed sai ci}yskip

viwi Lbpejp* Cywkjf sai {ibwp 2122,217= saiwi vbp bfbkj b wijivbn ed kjrykpkskej b`sktks{* Ej Hyn{ 29.

2129 sai Liqk`bj Aen{ Eddkì kppyic b ci`wii }weakgkskjf Dwiilbpejw{* Ceppkiwp viwi ènni`sic gys

fijiwbnn{ sai ci`wii vbp kfjewic* ]enk`kip ed Diwckjbjc TKK bypic sai lkfwbskej ed lbj{ P}bjkpa nkgiwbnp

se Liqkè* G{ 2127 saiwi viwi necfip vksa kjpywwi`skejkps }enksk`bn kcibp kj Hbnb}b bjc Tiwb`wyx* Bjesaiw

necfi vbp ipsbgnkpaic kj Liqkè @ks{ g{ 2124* Sai @bgbnniwep Wb`kejbnip !wbskejbn fijsnilij+ ed Hbnb}b

viwi nkjoic vksa sai Pe`kis{ ed Bliwk`bjkpsp kj @ckx. cip}ksi Dwb{ Piwtbjce ci Lkiwp cijkbn ed bj{

Lbpejk` èjji`skej* Ai `bnnic bssijskej se sai db`s sabs eji abc se gi b lejbwàkps bjc b @bsaenk` se ijhe{

lilgiwpak}* Sakp pe`kis{ vbp saeyfas se gi cii}n{ kjtentic kj sai Kjci}ijcijì letilijs*94

Lbj{ peywìp ckp`yppic sai }eppkgknks{ ed sai Lbpejk` bddknkbskej ed Dbsaiw Akcbnfe* Hep Lbwkb

Lbsiep p}eoi ed b necfi kj Liqkè @ks{ ej Wbsbp Pswiis. jylgiw 9. bnsaeyfa ai bclkssic je deyjckjf

ce`ylijs iqkpsic* Ai }weìicic se jbli sai lilgiwp. blejf vael viwi C* Lkfyin Akcbnfe { @epsknnb

bjc C* Kfjb`ke Bnnijci*96 @akpl ginkitic sakp necfi vbp b [ewo Wksi Necfi* Wksip lb{ abti giij nibwjic

kj P}bkj bp saiwi vbp b [ewo necfi kj @ckx deyjcic kj 2671* Xbnì pbkc Gwesaiw Lbsiep b`èyjs lyps gi


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fktij `wickgknks{ bp ai vbp b ejsil}ewbw{* Dywsaiwlewi. ai vbp aejips ijeyfa se pb{ sabs ai ojiv ed je

ewkfkjbn ce`ylijs* Aevitiw. sai Kjrykpkskej wièwcp ckc jes paev Akcbnfe bp b Lbpej bjc sabs lbci akp

lilgiwpak} ryipskejbgni* Ai vbp b lbj ed èjpkciwbgni jesewkis{. bjc akp Lbpejw{ veync jes gi nkfasn{

etiwneeoic*91

Lb`Nikpa. b Lbpejk` nkgwbwkbj. `nbklic sabs sai Kjrykpkskej lbci b wbkc ej sakp necfi. gys

Akcbnfe bjc Bnnijci nids sai `ks{ gidewi sai wbkc* Sai Kjrykpksewp abc se èjsijs sailpintip vksa

iqèllyjk`bskjf sail bp citkn vewpak}}iwp* Sai{ viwi jitiw bgni se `bsà sai }welesiwp ed nkfas bjc nkdi

bjc nkgiws{ce`swkjip sai{ ojiv see vinn veync itijsybnn{ libj sai etiwsywjkjf ed sai ipsbgnkpaic ewciw.

sai `wypakjf dewitiw ed sai P[PSIL. bjc sai ijckjf ed `niwk`bnkpl bp bj b`skti dewì kj Liqk`bj }enksk`p*9;

Lbpejw{ bnpe ijsiwic Liqkè bp P}bjkpa swee}p bwwktic kj 21=4 se }wesi`s Liqkè bfbkjps bj Ijfnkpa

kjtbpkej* Lbj{ ed saipi swee}p viwi dwel sai Pèsskpa Wksi. ed nkgiwbn sijcij`kip. py}}ewskjf sai

èjpsksyskejbn letilijs. b wi}wipijsbskti fetiwjlijs. bjc `niwk`bn widewl* Sai div Liqk`bjp sabs viwi

bclkssic ginejfic se jegni dblknkip* Kj 2172 saiwi vbp b cktkpkej kj sai necfip* Fijiwbn Gwbte gifbj jiv

necfip vakà viwi }ywin{ Liqk`bj*4=

Sai wikjdewìlijs ed P}bjkpa swee}p se e}}epi Akcbnfep y}wkpkjf gweyfas lewi necfip kjse gikjf*

Sai{ viwi èl}epic ed bwl{ eddkìwp. wipkcijs P}bjkbwcp bjc Liqk`bjp vae py}}ewsic P}bkj* Eji ed saikw

febnp vbp sai ipsbgnkpalijs ed b wi}wipijsbskti p{psil ed fetiwjlijs kj sai lesaiw èyjsw{* Bjesaiw vbp

sai dblknkbw `w{ ed `niwk`bn widewl*42 P}bjkpa Lbpejp abc èli eys ed bj bslep}aiwi ed bfksbskej* Saikw

`nygp viwi dynn ed }enksk`kbjp* B`èwckjf se Xbnì sakp }wiìcijs abc b ciswklijsbn iddi`s ej Liqk`bj

lbpejw{* Bnsaeyfa Lbpejw{ kp jes py}}epic se gi kjtentic vksa }enksk`p. sai piic abc giij }nbjsic*47

Sai bwwktbn ed E,Cejeh. sai nbps P}bjkpa tkìwe{. }wetkcic dywsaiw kl}isyp se Lbpejw{* Ai nktic

ejn{ sij cb{p bdsiw bwwktkjf kj Liqkè* Aevitiw. saepi sabs b`èl}bjkic akl. ip}i`kbnn{ b lick`bn ce`sew

jblic C* Lbjyin @ecewj. viwi b`skti kj deyjckjf jiv necfip bjc pswijfsaijkjf enc ejip* @ecewj vbp

icksew ed sai }b}iw In Pen vaepi eghi`s vbp se py}}ews sai ]nbj ed Kfybnb bjc se p}wibc sai nkgiwbn

}wkj`k}nip ipsbgnkpaic kj P}bkj* Eji lbhew febn vbp se iq`nyci sai `niwf{ dwel }wetkckjf icy`bskej.

ip}i`kbnn{ dew {eysa* Sai{ vbjsic se lboi pywi sabs winkfkej vbp jes sai gbpkp dew kjpswy`skej bjc b`èwckjf

se Bnblj. saikw kcibp viwi wip}ejpkgni dew sai }iwpi`yskej ed sai Hipyksp bjc sai dewlkjf ed Nbj`bpsiw

pàeenp*40

Ksywgkci vbp kjkskbnn{ py}}ewsic g{ Lbpejw{? aevitiw. akp py}}ews cklkjkpaic bp ai }we`nbklic

aklpind il}iwew* Vaij ai ckppentic èjfwipp. ai gi`bli ip}i`kbnn{ yj}e}ynbw*43

Lbpejp wibnkxic sabs b

jbskti lejbwà{ veync tkenbsi saikw }wkj`k}nip bp wibckn{ kj Liqkè bp kj P}bkj* Sai{ pbv Ksywgkci bp b


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tkenbsiw ed sai ]nbj ed Kfybnb*49

Lbpejp viwi saeyfas se gi kjtentic kj sai ]nbj ed @bpb Lbsb* Sai{ vbjsic

se `bnn b jiv èjfwipp abtkjf jbskejbn wi}wipijsbskej* B`èwckjf se Bnblj sakp vbp aev Lbpejp àbjfic

sai }nbj ed sai witenyskej. wibnkxkjf sabs sai{ veync gi bgni se celkjbsi sai jiv èjfwipp* Saepi vae viwi

nibciwp kj Lbpejw{ bs sai skli. Wblep Bwkp}i bjc Lkàinijb. abc giij ci}yskip kj sai P}bjkpa @ewsip bjc

viwi e}}epic se sai ]nbj ed Kfybnb*44 Peli diin sabs vaij Ksywgkci pijs Iàtiwwk se dkfas bfbkjps Pbjsb Bjb.

ai }nb{ic kjse sai abjcp ed b Lbpejk` }nes* Gi`bypi Iàtiwwk bjc Pbjsb Bjb viwi Lbpejk` gwesaiwp sai{

lbci b pi`wis }b`s*

Eji pkfjbn kp pyddk`kijs se }witijs cibsa. èlgbsbjsp }ys cevj saikw bwlp. pabwi bdwbsiwjbn ilgwbì bjc gièli dwkijcp bjc gwesaiwp. bp sai{ bwi pvewj se ce*46

Bnsaeyfa cywkjf sakp ibwn{ }iwkec. ks b}}ibwp sabs necfip viwi ypic }wklbwkn{ dew }enksk`bn }yw}epip. ks

`bj bnpe gi piij sabs sai }wkj`k}nip ed Lbpejw{. sai }wkj`k}nip ed nkgiws{. }wefwipp. sai }iwdi`sbgknks{ ed lbj

bp vinn bp pswkcijs bjsk`niwk`bnkpl. abti wilbkjic èjpsbjs je lbssiw vabs sai èyjsw{ ew bfi* Saipi

}wkj`k}nip viwi kjswecyìc g{ ijnkfasijlijs saeyfas bjc bce}sic g{ Ijfnkpa Lbpejp* Sai{ swbtinic se

P}bkj saweyfa Ijfnkpa bjc Dwijà kjdnyijì. bwwktkjf kj Liqkè saweyfa tbwkeyp àbjjinp. sai ibwnkips gikjf

Dwijà. nbsiw saweyfa Liqk`bj ci}yskip bwwktkjf aeli dwel P}bkj bjc dkjbnn{. saweyfa P}bjkpa swee}p

bwwktkjf se ce gbssni*

[ewokjep bjc esaiw Lbpejk` Fwey}p

Bnsaeyfa necfip iqkpsic }wkew se 2179. ks vbp jes yjskn sabs cbsi sabs b Liqk`bj Fwbjc Necfi vbp

ipsbgnkpaic vksa bysaewks{ se ewfbjkxi bjc èjswen Liqk`bj necfip* Saiwi abp giij b feec cibn ed

ckp`yppkej bgeys sai weni ed sai dkwps Bliwk bj blgbppbcew se Liqkè. Hein ]ekjpiss* Peli abti b``ypic

akl ed ijfkjiiwkjf sai kcib kj ewciw se fbkj kjdnyijì dew sai Yjksic Psbsip. vwipskjf èjswen dwel Iywe}ibj

kjsiwipsp* Lilgiwp viwi }wkj`k}bnn{ èl}epic ed P}bjkbwcp bjc esaiwp vae p{l}bsakxic vksa P}bkj.

dbtewkjf ìjswbnkpl bjc lejbwà{*41

B`èwckjf se Hep Dyijsip Lbwip. sai Jbskejbn bwàkti kj Vbpakjfsej. C*@*. èjsbkjp b nissiw vwkssij

g{ ]ekjpiss sabs wibcp bp dennevp8

vksa sai eghi`s ed èyjsiwb`skjf sai dbjbsk`bn }bws{ kj Liqkè @ks{ bjc. kd ks kp}eppkgni. se ijèywbfi sai p}wibckjf ed nkgiwbn }wkj`k}nip blejf saepi vae bwi kj b}epkskej se fetiwj. K bkcic bjc ijèywbfic b jylgiw ed wip}i`sbgni }ie}ni. lij edakfa psbjckjf. se dewl b Lbpejk` [ewo Fwbjc Necfi4;


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29

Esaiwp ckpbfwii èjìwjkjf sai ìjswbnks{ ed ]ekjpissp weni bjc `nbkl sabs pitiwbn necfip bfwiic se

kjswecyì sai [ewo Wksi kj Liqkè* Saipi necfip ae}ic se }wetkci b feec liiskjf }nbì se ckp`ypp }enksk`bn

}nbjp. bp vinn bp bj bnsiwjbskti dew saepi nipp kj`nkjic se sai swbckskejbn P}bjkpa vb{ ed sakjokjf* Bnn]ekjpiss ckc. b`èwckjf se sakp nkji ed saeyfas. vbp se ijbgni sai [ewo Wksi se gi deyjcic kj Liqk e* B

deyjckjf àbwsiw vbp jiicic bjc sakp ai vbp bgni se }wetkci*6=

]ekjpiss. b vinn,swbtinic lbj. dnyijs kj pitiwbn nbjfybfip. vbp bj bsswb`skti dkfywi kj sai ibwn{

{ibwp ed sai {eyjf jbskej* Fiewfi Dkpaiw. vae vbp b lilgiw ed sai Kjci}ijcijì Necfi. eji ed

sai dkwps necfip deyjcic. ed vakà Newijxe ci Xbtbnb vbp Vewsa{ Lbpsiw. sinnp aev ]ekjpiss ainc

viion{ siwsynkbp itiw{ Saywpcb{ bs akp aeli* Saipi viwi tiw{ }e}ynbw vksa sai inksi vae fbsaiwic

se cbjì. èjtiwpi. bjc }nb{ `bwcp*

Saepi kjsiwipsic kj psbsi bddbkwp edsij vksacwiv dwel sai dipsktkskip se gissiw ckp`ypp lbssiwp bs

abjc* Ai `nbklp sabs ]ekjpiss aklpind vbp jes bddknkbsic vksa bj{ necfi bjc ckc jes tkpks sail* Ai

ejn{ }wetkcic sai bysaewks{ dwel Jiv [ewo* Ai ckc. aevitiw. fkti Lbpejk` kjpswy`skej se saepi

vae `bnnic ej akl bp akp lbjpkej*62

Lbsiep. deyjciw ed sai Liqk`bj Jbskejbn Wksi kj 2179. vwksip sabs sakws{,pkq Lbpejp.

ckpknnypkejic vksa sai Pèsskpa Wksi. lis sefisaiw se ejpkciw deyjckjf b jiv Wksi* Saipi lij viwi

ip}i`kbnn{ ckpèywbfic gi`bypi Ksywgkci abc }we`nbklic aklpind Il}iwew bjc ckppentic sai@ejfwipp* Sai{ lyà dbtewic b diciwbn p{psil vksa sai }wetkjìp pabwkjf èjpkciwbgni kjdnyijì*

Sai{ ae}ic sai [ewo Wksi veync fbkj sai dwiicel sai{ cipkwic bjc veync bkc kj }weleskjf

diciwbnkpl* Sai kcib se gifkj b jiv wksi vbp }wkj`k}bnn{ sabs ed C* Hep Lbwb Bn}yài Kjdbjsi. b

}wkips bjc pijbsew dwel Sbgbpè* Ai vbp py}}ewsic g{ Kfjb`ke Ipsitb. sai Lkjkpsiw ed sai Swibpyw{.

Lkfyin Wblj Bwkp}i. Cibj ed sai @bsaicwbn kj ]yignb bjc Lkjkpsiw ed Hypskì. bjc Hep Bjsejke

Lihb* ]wipkcijs C* Fybcbny}i Tk`sewkb vbp bnpe kjtentic* Bdsiw dkti necfip viwi ipsbgnkpaic.

]ekjpiss vbp b}}webàic bjc bpoic se py}}n{ sai jiìppbw{ bysaewks{ dwel sai Fwbjc Necfi ed Jiv

[ewo* Lbsiep `nbklic sakp vbp bnn sabs ai ckc bjc sabs ai vbp yjhypsn{ b``ypic ed }enksk`bn

kjswkfyi*67

Xbtbnb lijskejic sai pbli dkti bp gikjf sai deyjciwp. vaiwibp @bwsiw kj`nycic sai jblip ed

Xbtbnb bjc Fyiwwiwe* Bnblj jblic Xbtbnb. Bn}yài. Tk`sewkb. Ipsitb bjc Wblep Bwkp}i bp sai

ewkfkjbsewp ed sai jiv }bws{*60


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Lbsiep `nibwn{ p}eoi ed sai }enksk`bn }yw}epip ed sai [ewo Wksi* Aevitiw. Wkàbwc @akpl.

bj Bliwk`bj Lbpej kjtentic kj Liqk`bj necfip. vwesi sabs sai kjkskbn kjsijskej ed sai [ewo Necfip

vbp se widewl Lbpejw{ bjc se btekc sai }enksk`bn sijcij`kip vakà abc celkjbsic sai Pèsskpa Wksi*

Fijiwbnp. ènejinp bjc esaiw bwl{ eddkìwp bp vinn bp pijbsewp. ci}yskip. `niwf{. fetiwjlijs

il}ne{iip. gypkjipplij bjc bwskpbjp dneòic se hekj sai jiv necfip* Bnsaeyfa bs dkwps nklksic se

vewop ed àbwks{. sai{ peej gi`bli kjtentic kj }enksk`p. cyi se e}}epkskej dwel sai Pèsskpa Wksi*63

Bnblj èllijsic sabs nkssni bssijskej vbp }bkc se ìwilej{ bjc gijitenijs vewop* Sai leps

itkcijs }yw}epip viwi ckwi`skjf bddbkwp ed psbsi bjc }nb`kjf saikw }bwskpbjp kj kjdnyijskbn }epkskejp*

]ie}ni hekjic vae vbjsic se fbkj dbtew bjc gi dwii dwel }iwpi`yskej* Lbj{ cipiwsic sai Pèsskpa

Wksi se hekj sai [ewo Wksi bjc bp Ipsitb vbp Lkjkpsiw ed sai Swibpyw{. dyjcp viwi wibckn{ btbknbgni*69

Sai jiv Lbpejk` Ewciw peej gi`bli }eviwdyn* Lbj{ pbv ks bp b libjp se cipswe{ sai

Lbpejp* B`èwckjf se Bndejpe Sewe. Wblep Bwkp}i wililgiwic sai itknp ed sai Pèsskpa Wksi kj

P}bkj bjc vbjsic se fis wkc ed saepi pi`wis pe`kiskip g{ b okjc ed aelie}bsak` }enksk`p*64

Saipi jiv necfip viwi ip}i`kbnn{ b}}ibnkjf se sai ijnkfasijic lkccni `nbpp. ibfiw se pii

pe`kbn bjc ièjelk` àbjfi* Bclkjkpswbskej àbjfip viwi lbci bjc sai jylgiwp ed necfip

kj`wibpic* G{ 2171 etiw eji ayjcwic necfip abc giij dewlic. lbj{ kj sai bwl{* Sai [ewo Wksi

vbp bjqkeyp se fbkj lilgiwp bjc b`èwckjf se Lbsiep pyddk`kijs `bwi vbp jes fktij se tiwkd{ sabs

jiv lilgiwp viwi vewsa{ ed gikjf Lbpejp* Lilgiwp viwi wiìktic dwel bnn nbppip bjc

èjckskejp. edsij vksaeys sai nifbn wirykwilijsp èjpkciwic jiìppbw{ g{ Lbpejp*66

Sai jiv Liqk`bj geywfiekpki vbp bjqkeyp se sboi etiw. bjqkeyp se àbjfi sai }bssiwjp pis g{

sai enc bwkpse`wb`{. sai }we}iwskic `nbpp* Nbj`bpsiw Pàeenp viwi deyjcic se py}}ews pi`ynbw

icy`bskej*61

Peli ginkitic sabs saipi pàeenp viwi ypic se ckddypi ]wesipsbjskpl*6;

Saiwi vbp b

ae}i se ypi }wklbw{ icy`bskej se p}wibc ijnkfasijic kcibp*

B p}iià fktij g{ C* Hybj Wecwkfyix ]yignb kj @ab}ynsi}i` ]bwo kj Hyji 2174. bs sai

kjpsbnnbskej ed sai necfi Kjckb Bxsi`b. cilejpswbsic sijisp ed sai jiv Wksi*

Secb{ itij saeyfa winkfkeyp kjseniwbjì wilbkjp. Lbpejk` pe`kiskip lynsk}n{* Saicb{ vknn èli vaij cyi se sai iddewsp ed sai necfip }ibì vknn gi ipsbgnkpaic kj bnnjbskejp bjc saiwi vknn gi yjktiwpbn dwkijcpak} blejf bnn lij* ]wbkpi vknn fe y} sesai fwibs Hiaetba bjc sai isiwjbn fielisw{ vknn gi bcewic kj sai sil}ni ai abpgykncsai bnsbw ed vakà kp sai aibws ed sai pijpkgni lbj vae abp jitiw peknic akpabjcp kj pkj. jitiw e}}wippic sai kjjeìjsvi bwi skic se sai Bxsi`pbnn feec lijlyps èjp}kwi bfbkjps sai èyjsw{ ed @ewsp. Bntbwbce bjc Diwckjbjcsakp nbjc


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!P}bkj+ paeync ckpb}}ibw dwel sai fnegi**sai{ abti giij pe èl}nbìjs kj saicipswy`skej ed saikw evj p}i`kipvi bwi ojevj bp b}epsnip ed winkfkeyp seniwbjìbjc dwiicel dew bnn }ie}nip*1=

Bnsaeyfa sai Pèsskpa Wksi bnpe cipkwic `niwk`bn widewl. sai{ viwi nipp wbck`bn bjc vkpaic se

}wipiwti lbj{ }wktknifip* Lbj{ ed sail {ibwjic se pii sai P}bjkpa wifkli wipsewic* Sai Pèsskpa

Wksi èjskjyic se abti kjdnyijì kj sai èjfwipp bjc kj fetiwjlijs* Sai{ abc giij nepkjf fweyjc.

gys sai jiv èl}iskskej piilic se `bypi b witktbn* Ks peej gi`bli b ìjsiw dew lij se yjksi vksa

saikw tipsic kjsiwipsp. ae}kjf se àiò sai kjdnyijì ed sai jiv nkgiwbnp*12

Sai [ewo Wksi vbp yjab}}{ vksa sai @ejpsksyskej ed 2173* Bnsaeyfa ks fwbjsic dwiicel ed

saeyfas bjc }wipp. winkfkeyp kjseniwbjì wilbkjic* Welbj @bsaenk`kpl vbp jblic bp sai peni psbsi

winkfkej* Nifbn irybnks{ vbp pswippic gys sai wkfasp ed sai }wktknific `nbppip. sai àywà bjc sai

lknksbw{ viwi yjseyàic*17

Lbj{ dins sabs saipi ibwn{ Lbpejk` ewfbjkxbskejp dewlic sai gbpkp dew sai

nkgiwbn bjc èjpiwtbskti }bwskip kj Liqkè* Sai [ewo Wksi vksa il}abpkp ej diciwbnkpl. winkfkeyp

seniwbjì. bjc irybnks{ vbp kj e}}epkskej se sai Pèsskpa Wksi vakà dbtewic b ìjswbn dewl ed

fetiwjlijs. wisbkjkjf peli }wktknifip dew sai bwkpse`wb`{ bjc `niwf{*

B`èwckjf se eji Jewsa Bliwk`bj tkiv}ekjs. Liqk`bjp ckcjs b}}wi`kbsi sai swyi p}kwks ed

Lbpejw{ bnsaeyfa sai{ viwi `b}sktbsic g{ sai dewlp. ìwilejkip. sai wksybn bjc sai kl}epkjf bjc

èpsn{ }bwb}aiwjbnkb ed sai necfip* Sai Fwbjc Necfi kj Liqkè `ks{ èps etiw #0=== bjc vbppklknbw se sai Welbj @bsaenk` @bsaicwbn*10

Bp sai [ewokjep wb}kcn{ fwiv bjc jivp}b}iw bssbòp ej sai Ipèìpip kj`wibpic. sai

Ipèìpip pbv `bypi dew bnbwl* Ej Lb{ 7. 2174. Hep Lbjyin @igbnnep bjc esaiw Ipèìpip

wièllijcic sai jiic dew b nbv se wipswbkj ew eysnbv bnn pi`wis pe`kiskip* Ai abc div db`sp se

py}}ews akp èjìwj. bjc pe bdsiw b gwkid ckp`yppkej. sai leskej vbp ckplkppic* Aevitiw. b

wièllijcbskej vbp lbci se }enn sai psbsip bp se sai }wipijì bjc kjdnyijì ed pi`wis pe`kiskip* Sai

psbsip viwi bnpe se gi bpoic dew saikw e}kjkej wifbwckjf sai èjskjybjì ed saipi pe`kiskip*

13

G{ sai dennevkjf Jetilgiw sai wi}ews vbp wibc{* @akb}bp. @akaybayb. Fybjbhybse. Ebhb`b.

]yignb. Pejewb. Sbgbpè. Xb`bsi`bp. @enklb bjc Snbq`bnb bnn ci`nbwic sai{ abc je ojevnicfi ed

iqkpskjf necfip* Sakp vbp `ywkeyp. bp leps ed sai fetiwjewp viwi dwel sai [ewo Wksi" Esaiwp

wi}ewsic bjklepks{ gisviij sai [ewo Wksi bjc sai Pèsskpa Wksi bjc bclkssic sabs Lbpejp abc swkic


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21

se fbkj kjdnyijì kj bwibp ed il}ne{lijs* @ebayknb bjc Siqbp iq}wippic èjìwj bgeys sai necfi

gikjf kjtentic kj ini`skjf ci}yskip se sai fijiwbn èjfwipp* Sbgbpè pbkc sabs leps `kskxijp ckpnkoic

Lbpejp gi`bypi sai{ viwi èjpkciwic se gi kwwinkfkeyp* Psbsip vakà veync nkoi se pii sai Lbpejp

ckpgbjcic viwi Sblbynk}bp. Tiwb`yx. C*D*. Lkàeb`j. ]yignb. Pejewb. @ebayknb bjc Siqbp. Pbj

Nykp ]esep. bjc Lqkè*19

Bfbkj kj Ciìlgiw ed 2174 Pijbsew @igbnnep gweyfas dewsa sai }we}epbn se eysnbv pi`wis

pe`kiskip. }nibckjf sabs kj skli saiwi veync gi cii} wifwis bgeys sai nbò ed b`skej* Ai dins saipi

fwey}p veync vewo bfbkjps sai wi}ygnk . bjc ai ijyliwbsic }ijbnskip se ijdewì sai nbv* Pijbsew

@bice }wesipsic. pb{kjf ai pbv je jiic dew pyà pitiwi b`skej* Sai lbssiw vbp bfbkj cwe}}ic*14

Esaiw fwey}p viwi dewlic cywkjf sakp skli* E}}epkskej dwel sai @bsaenk` @aywà lkfas

abti giij wip}ejpkgni dew sai wijblkjf ed sai [ewo Wksi. vae bs eji }ekjs `bnnic sailpintip sai

Fybcbny}bjep bjc `bnnic saikw pe`kis{. Bfyknb Jifwb !Gnbò Ibfni+* Ksp yj`nibw vaisaiw sakp

vbp kj widiwijì se Fybcbny}i Tk`sewkb ew se sai Tkwfkj ed Fybcbny}i* ]iwab}p ks widiwwic se gesa"

Sai Pèsskpa Wksi. jes se gi eysceji. dewlic sai Jetijbwkep* Lbsiep pbkc sabs `niwf{ vae abc

dewliwn{ giij bjsbfejkpsk` sevbwc sai Pèsskpa Wksi jev hekjic. dibwdyn ed sai fwevkjf }eviw ed sai

[ewo Wksi*

Gesa fwey}p b`sktin{ cijeyjìc sai esaiwp. `w{kjf aiwisk`* Ibà abc }wkipsp vksakj saikw

wbjop. }witbknkjf y}ej saikw nibciwp se egpiwti dibpsp kj aejew ed saikw Tkwfkj* Sai Pèsskpa Wksi abc

dipsktbnp se aejew sai Tkwfij cin ]knbw bjc Pbjskbfe ci Fbnk`kb vakni sai [ewo Wksi aejewic sai

Tkwfij ci Fybcbny}i* Piwlejp viwi }wibàic* Kj sai `b}ksbn saiwi viwi }weìppkejp el}nisi vksa

Lbpejk` ilgnilp. `bjcnip bjc sai wifbnkb ed sai @bsaenk` @aywà* P`wk}sywi }bppbfip ci`w{kjf sai

kl}kis{ ed sai e}}epkjf ewciwp viwi aywnic dwel weedse}p* Tkenijì kj`wibpic itij se sai }ekjs ed

lywciw*16 L`Nikpa. b Lbpej dwel Eake. vwkskjf kj 2;21. nblijsic. Kfjewkjf saipi nkssni èywsipkip.

sai àywà eddk`kbnn{ dwel ksp }yn}ksp bjbsailbskxic Lbpejp ed bnn Wksip*11

Lbpejk` kjdnyijì èjskjyic se gi ej sai y}wkpi* Bj kj`kcijs vakà gi`bli kjdnblic

aikfasijic sai sijpkej* Ej Hbjybw{ 21. 2176. Hebryj Bwijbp. b P}bjkbwc bjc b lilgiw ed sai

winkfkeyp ewciw ed Ps* Hblip. kjtksic Kfjb`ke Lewb se }bwsk`k}bsi kj b witenyskej wipsewkjf P}bjkpa

}eviw* Lewb. sai fijiwbn èllbjciw ed sai Diciwbn Ckpswk`s bjc Psbsi ed Lqkè. vbp bnbwlic bjc

kjdewlic ]wipkcijs Tk`sewkb. vae ckwi`sic akl se liis bfbkj vksa Bwijbp* Vksjippip pi`wisn{

egpiwtic sai kjsiwb`skej* Lewb `nbklic ai jiicic lewi cisbknp. gidewi ai èync b`rykipì* Bp


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2;

Bwijb cip`wkgic sai }nbj. eji ed sai vksjippip. Dwbj`kpè Lenkjep cin @bl}ep vbp pe etiwèli

vksa ileskej sabs ai èync jes wipswbkj aklpind. bjc witibnic akp }wipijì vksa b tkenijs eysgywps ed

sil}iw* Bwijbp wibnkxic ai abc giij giswb{ic bjc. bvbwi ed sai }ijbns{. ci`nbwic sabs ai vbp fnbc se

gi b lbws{w dew akp winkfkej bjc èyjsw{*1;

Sai [ewo Wksi ainc sai Pèsskpa Wksi wip}ejpkgni dew sai }nes se wipsewi P}bjkpa py}wilb`{*

Sai enc bjsbfejkplp sevbwc jbskti P}bjkbwcp viwi bvboijic* Ej Lb{ 2;. 2176. b nbv vbp }bppic

psbskjf sabs je P}bjkbwc èync aenc b `ktkn ew lknksbw{ }eps yjskn P}bkj wièfjkxic kjci}ijcijì* Sai

}nbj vbp jes ijdewìc yjskn sve {ibwp nbsiw*;=

Prybggnkjf èjskjyic gisviij sai sve fwey}p* Sai pksybskej gi`bli fwbti vaij Gwbte. sai

Liqk`bj Tkì ]wipkcijs bjc Fwbjc Lbpsiw ed sai Pèsskpa Wksi. nic b wiginnkej bfbkjps sai

fetiwjlijs ej Ciìlgiw 70. 2176* Ai peyfas sai py}}wippkej ed pi`wis pe`kiskip bjc sai iq}ynpkej

ed ]ekjpiss. bp vinn bp b àbjfi ed }iwpejjin kj sai fetiwjlijs* Sai Pèsskpa Wksi vbp citbpsbsic g{

sai kj`wibpi kj }eviw bjc jylgiw ed [ewo Wksi lilgiwp* Sai leps dibpkgni penyskej piilic se gi

fisskjf wkc ed gesa fwey}p bnejf vksa ]ekjpiss. sai kjpskfbsew ed sai [ewo Wksi*;2 Gwbtep wiginnkej

vbp cidibsic. bjc sai }eviw ed sai Pèsskpa Wksi vbp gweoij*

G{ Pi}silgiw ed 2171. sai èjìwj abc p}wibc* Sai Pèsskpa Wksi vbp je nejfiw sai ejn{

fwey} vewwkic bgeys sai kjswypkej ed sai pi`wis pe`kiskip kjse sai }enksk`bn pìji* Nb Bfyknb

Liqk`bjb. !sai Liqk`bj Ibfni+ ej Pi}silgiw 26. 2171. }ygnkpaic sai }nbsdewl dew sai [ewo Wksi*

Sakp }nbsdewl bpoic bnn necfip se py}}ews ìwsbkj jelkjbskejp dew ci}yskip. gesa dew sai fijiwbn

èjfwipp bjc dew sai psbsi nifkpnbsywip* Saipi veync gi ijnkfasijic lij ed sai [ewo Wksi* Saiwi

veync gi b dkti lbj èllkppkej etiwpiikjf necfi b`sktks{. bjc sakp èllkppkej veync bkc kj psbsip

vakà ckc jes abti b [ewo Wksi*

Sai pkl}ni wibckjf ed sakp `ywkeyp ce`ylijs paevp sai cblbfi saepi Lbpejk` Wksipbwi `b}bgni ed `bypkjf. sbokjf etiw sai wkfas ed sai petiwikfjs{ ed sai }ie}ni* Sai{bwi abtkjf pi`wis liiskjfp se ini`s psbsi bjc jbskejbn wi}wipijsbsktipsai{ pb{ sai{abti se gi [ewo Wksi5 Vaepi fnew{ bwi sai{ vewokjf dew5 Swyi }bswkesp abti

cipiwsic sakp Wksi**ks kp èl}epic ed kfjewbjs bjc ypinipp }ie}ni vae paeync jes gickwi`skjf sai bddbkwp ed sai jbskej* Vi `bj iq}i`s se pii sai cipswy`skej ed sai diciwbnp{psilsai{ lyps egi{ ew sai{ vknn gi wi}nbìc g{ pelieji lewi egickijs* Se egi{bjc gi rykissakp kp sai pkfj ed b }iwdi`s Lbpej* Saikw necfip wilbkj kj pyglkppkejse ia Fwbjc Necfi Kj C*D* bjc bnpe se dewikfj kjdnyijì* Sai vewo cywkjf saiegp`ywks{ ed jkfaslbj{ abti giij picyìc* Sai{ abti wijeyjìc wibpej. nepkjfsaikw }iwpejbn dwiicel* Dew wibpejbgni lij saipi wkck`yneyp ìwilejkip. p{lgenpbjc psewkip bwi sai eghi`s ed nbyfasiw bjc pèwj* Gys jes saipi lij" Sai{ bwi pe


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ciìktic sabs sai{ p}ibo ed b Lbpejk` }weìppkej. b we{bn bwà. b akfa }wkips. swk}niebsap bjc sai sibàiw Akwbl* Sai{ bwi }iwpybcic bjc sbno ed ks vksa fwibs wip}i`s*Vaij lij fis se sakp }ekjs sai{ `bj ibpkn{ gi lbjk}ynbsic* Sai{ ìwsbkjn{ abti jewkfas se ckwi`s sai bddbkwp ed sai jbskej* Vabs wkfas ce sai{ abti se bcc se saièjpsksyskej sai rybnkdk`bskej ed gikjf kj sai [ewo Wksi" Sakp kp iksaiw sai iqswili ed

bycb`ks{ ew psy}kcks{* Ks vknn gwkjf sai cipswy`skej ed sai diciwbn p{psil* Sakp kpìjswbnkxbskej" Liqk`bjp" Dewgkc saipi wiyjkejp" Sai{ vknn gi eyw wykj bp sai{ viwikj Iywe}i";7

Dkjbnn{ sai Liqk`bjp abc ijeyfa. bjc ej E`segiw 79. 2171. b nbv vbp }bppic eysnbvkjf

pi`wis pe`kiskip* Lbsiep bjc esaiwp ginkitic sabs sai Pèsskpa Wksi vbp lbkjn{ wip}ejpkgni dew sakp

nbv bp sai{ abc b lbhewks{ kj gesa aeypip* Sai kcib giakjc sai nbv. b`èwckjf se Lbsiep. vbp se

cipswe{ sai [ewo Wksi bjc se wkc sai èyjsw{ ed sai dewikfj kjdnyijì* Sai bgeti ryesi dwel Nb

Bfyknb Liqk`bjb. èjcijpic bjc }wkjsic kj In Pen b div cb{p nbsiw. pyffipsic esaiwp gipkcip sai

Pèsskpa Wksi viwi ckpfypsic vksa sai lbjiytiwkjfp ed sai pi`wis pe`kiskip*;0 Bssbàic se sakp nbv

vbp sai ]b}bn Gynn ed Niej QKK ed Lb{ 20. 2174*

Sai necfip viwi cwktij yjciwfweyjc bs sakp }ekjs* Tkenijs }enksk`bn b`sktkskip. sai bjsbfejkpl

ed sai Welbj @bsaenk` @aywà bjc fetiwjlijsbn e}}epkskej abc bnn sboij saikw senn*;3 Necfip viwi

cijeyjìc se sai fetiwjlijs* Pi`wis nkpsp viwi }ygnkpaic* Ks kp nkoin{ sabs sai necfip gi`bli lewi

b`skti. itij saeyfa nipp }ygnk`. edsij àbjfkjf jblip se ip`b}i }iwpi`yskej*;9

B necfi sabs abp wiìktic nkssni jesewkis{ vbp deyjcic g{ Hep Lbwb Lbsiep kj 2179. In Wkse

Jb`kejbn Liqk`bje* Sakp fwey}. b`èwckjf se ksp deyjciw. gifbj paewsn{ bdsiw sai deyjckjf ed sai

Pèsskpa Wksi* Sai jkji deyjciwp viwi èjìwjic bgeys sai kjswypkej ed }bwskpbj }enksk`p bjc

winkfkej kjse Lbpejw{* B dywsaiw èjìwj vbp sai bclkppkej ed lbj{ lilgiwp se sai necfip

vksaeys nifbn Lbpejk` wirykwilijsp* Sai{ ckpnkoic sai wirykwilijs ed sai [ewo Wksi bjc Pèsskpa

Wksi. psbskjf sabs lilgiwp abc se gi Welbj @bsaenk p* Sakp `nibwn{ vbp jes Lbpejw{" Ks vbp jes

kl}ewsbjs sabs lij ginejfic se b ìwsbkj winkfkej*aev lyà gissiw kd sai{ pkl}n{ aejewic

feecjipp. rybnks{ bjc pkjìwks{* Sai{ cipkwic se pii Lbpejw{ wipsewic bp b aylbjksbwkbj kjpsksyskej.

eji vakà veync bce}s b }wefwbl ed }wefwipp. }weleskjf ab}}kjipp dew bnn lij. }iwdi`skjf

lbjokjc*;4

Sai }wegnil sabs iliwfic èjìwjic saikw àbwsiw* B jiv wksi lyps gi deyjcic g{ bj

bnwibc{ iqkpskjf ewciw* Dkjbnn{ sai penyskej vbp deyjc* Sai{ èj`nycic sabs itiw{ wksi abc se abti

b gifkjjkjf* Vabs gissiw skli se gifkj sabj kj sai kjdbj`{ ed sai èyjsw{" Sai Pèsskpa Wksi bjc sai


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[ewo Wksi eghi`sic se sai kwwifynbw deyjckjf* Lbsiep `nbklic saikw eghi`skej vbp cyi se èjìwj

bgeys y}pisskjf sai cink`bsi gbnbjì ed }enksk`bn kjdnyijì* Sai [ewo Wksi eghi`sic nibps. bp sai{

viwi sai widewliwp* Lbj{ ed saikw lilgiwp hekjic*;6

Dwiicel ed winkfkeyp ginkid vbp il}abpkxic* Sakp wksi ckpnkoic Welbj @bsaenk` celkjbjìèjswennkjf sai èjp`kijìp ed saeypbjcp* B psbsi pyghi`sic se sai àywà vbp `nibwn{ bfbkjps

}wefwipp* In Wkse Jb`kejbn Liqk`bje ginkitic wbck`bn widewl vbp kl}iwbskti. bp sai Welbjkxkjf

sijcij`kip ed sai esaiw sve }bwskip viwi ckpfypskjf*;1

Paewsn{ bdsiw sai fetiwjlijs pyp}ijpkej ed pi`wis pe`kiskip. sai [ewo Fwbjc Necfi kppyic b

}we`nblbskej ckppentkjf necfip yjciw ksp hywkpck`skej* Peli widypic. bjc sai Fwbjc Necfi ed Jiv

[ewo ej Hyji 1. 2107. ci`kcic se swbjpdiw ksp hywkpck`skej se sai hywkpck`skej ed sai Fwbjc Necfi ed

Liqkè* Ewfbjkxic lbpejw{ èjskjyic*;;

Lilgiwp ed gesa sai Pèsskpa bjc [ewo Wksi hekjic sai

Wkse Jb`kejbn Liqk`bje. vakà sai }enkì. dew peli wibpej. ckc jes gesaiw*2==

Vksa sai liwfkjf ed sai necfip kjse sai Wkse Jb`kejbn Liqk`bje. `bli sai jiic se ipsbgnkpa

peli }wkj`k}nip* Kj 2100 b }wefwbl ed widewl vbp bce}sic vakà sai Lbpejp vkpaic se gwkjf se

èjfwipp. ijèywbfkjf saikw lilgiwp se sboi bj b`skti weni kj ksp py}}ews* Sai }wkj`k}nip pis dewsa

g{ Pw* Hep Lbwb Nykp Lewb viwi bp dennevp8 dwiicel ed e}kjkej bjc }wipp. bgenkskej ed }wktknifip

ed sai `niwf{ bjc lknksbw{. py}}wippkej ed lejbpsk` ewciwp. }weakgkskej ed `niwk`bn èjswen ed `ktkn

kjpsksyskejp pyà bp lbwwkbfi bjc }ygnk` icy`bskej. bgenkskej ed `b}ksbn }yjkpalijs iqì}s kj sai

`bpi ed }wilicksbsic lywciw. fybwbjsii ed sai kjsifwks{ ed sai siwwksew{. `wibskej ed ènejkip sabs

ypic sai Liqk`bj nbjfybfi bjc `ypselp*

Velij viwi ijèywbfic se hekj !pelisakjf yjaibwc ed kj Lbpejw{+ pe sabs sai{ lkfas sibà

àkncwij Lbpejk` tbnyip* Bs nibps je Lbpej veync abti àkncwij pyghi`sic se py}iwpskskeyp

winkfkeyp icy`bskej" Yjdewsyjbsin{. pbkc Lbsiep. Flix Dbwbp. sai p}eoiplbj ed sai }bws{. lis

e}}epkskej vksakj sai wbjop* Wecwkfyix ]yignb. }weyc ed akp Bxsi` bjìpsw{. vbjsic se fybwc sai

bj`kijs }wktknifip ed sai Kjckbjp* Akp kjsklbsi dwkijc ]icwbxb py}}ewsic akl. vakà ijèywbfic sai

netiwp ed sai dyiwep !}wktknifip+. sefisaiw vksa ]wipkcijs Pbjsb Bjjb. se ewfbjkxi bj e}}epkjf

db`skej* Sakp gweyfas abnd b ìjsyw{ ed ci`nkji. b`èwckjf se Lbsiep*2=2

Lbj{ ed sai Welbj @bsaenk` `niwf{ viwi cii}n{ ijswijàic kj Lbpejw{. }iwab}p dew wibpejp

ed }iwpejbn fbkj ew }enksk`bn bctbjìlijs. wbsaiw sabj gi`bypi sai{ ip}eypic sai }wkj`k}nip ed

Lbpejw{* Saepi vae viwi lilgiwp ed sai Pèsskpa Wksi viwi ip}i`kbnn{ hibneyp ed saikw }wktknifip*


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Sai [ewo Wksi }wkipsp lb{ abti giij lewi bnkfjic vksa Lbpejk` }wkj`k}nip. cipkwkjf `niwk`bn

widewl*

Sai @wepp E}}epkskej kj Liqkè

Sai lbsiwkbn ej Welbj @bsaenk` e}}epkskej se Dwiilbpejw{ kj Liqkè cywkjf sai 2;sa

@ijsyw{ kp wilbwobgn{ p}bwpi* Ks kp jes ckddk`yns se dkjc piwlejp. jivp}b}iw bwsk`nip. ippb{p bjc

esaiw lbsiwkbnp e}}epic se sai kcibp }welesic g{ Dwiilbpejw{. gys saiwi bwi div peywìp ckwi`sn{

bssbòkjf sai pi`wis pe`kiskip g{ jbli* Sakp kp }yxxnkjf. ip}i`kbnn{ kj tkiv ed sai pswejf psbjc ed

sai Welbj @aywà. vakà }ygnkpaic jkji ]b}bn Gynnp èjciljkjf Dwiilbpejw{ gisviij 2671 bjc

2113* K vknn gwkidn{ ellijs ej sai div }bl}anisp bjc piwlejp sabs K ckc dkjc*

Bj ibwn{ }bl}anis g{ P* Pklj,N}ix. ijsksnic Cip}iwsbcew @wkpskbje,}enksè !@awkpskbj

}enksk`bn bnbwl+ vbp }ygnkpaic kj 21=;* Pklj,N}ix `nbklic sabs jes bnn sai }aknepe}aiwp bwi

Dwiilbpejp. gys bnn sai Dwiilbpejp bwi }aknepe}aiwp* B`èwckjf se akl. Lbpejp viwi èjìwjic

wifbwckjf kfjewbjì }witbnijs kj }bps ìjsywkip* Sai{ il}abpkxic sai ceygni pnbtiw{ ed py}iwpskskej

bjc cip}eskpl* Py}iwpskskej vbp piij bp sai witibnic witinbskej ed P`wk}sywip. bjc gikjf cikpsp.

sai{ ginkitic sai Jiv bjc Enc Sipsblijsp viwi liwin{ dbgnip*

Pklj,N}ix èjskjyic. iq}nbkjkjf sabs g{ cip}eskpl. Lbpejp libjs lejbwà{*

Dwiilbpejp viwi wip}ejpkgni dew sai Dwijà Witenyskej. dew sai iqskj`skej ed sai Geywgejp bjc

dennevkjf b}epsbp{* Enktiw @welvinn nbkc sai iff* @bnnepswe absàic ks? sai Dwijà Witenyskejgweyfas ks se nkfas kj 26;=* Jb}eniej kp sai weepsiw. bjc vaij sai weepsiw pkjfp ]isiw `wkip"2=7

Bjesaiw }bl}anis kj 2177 vbp ijsksnic ]iwab}p sai @ejfwipp vknn gièli nkoi b Pyjgywjic

Gynn !widiwwkjf se b gynndkfas kj vakà sai gynn vbp b`sybnn{ b paii} kj ckpfykpi"+* Sakp bysaew vbp

èjìwjic bgeys sai ini`skejp bjc sai py`ìpp ed sai nkgiwbn ci}yskip vael ai `nbppkdkic bp

Dwiilbpejp. Nysaiwbjp. citknp. Hbègkjp* Sai{ bnn bsswb`sic dilbni denneviwp. vakà ejn{ }wetic

saikw nbò ed swypsvewsakjipp* Ai vewwkic sabs Liqkè vbp dennevkjf sai pbli }bsa swbtinic g{

P}bkj bjc Dwbjì* Kd Fec dbknic se kjsiwtiji. Liqk`bjp veync bnpe gièli tk`sklp ed aiwip{*]iwab}p. ej sai esaiw abjc. ai pbkc. saiwi vbp je jiic dew pyà `bjìwp gi`bypi py}}epicn{ sai

Liqk`bj fetiwjlijs vbp gbpic ej sai @bsaenk` winkfkej* Tkfknbjì èyncjs gi etiwceji. gi`bypi

Dwiilbpejw{ vbp b}s se iqsijc nkgiwbn kcibp. yjgiojevjps se sai lbhewks{ ed }ie}ni* Itij Lbpejp

sailpintip viwi yjpywi ed saikw gwesaiwp kcijsks{*2=0


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70

Kj 2177 i``nipkbpsk`bn bysaewkskip. èjìwjic bgeys sai }wefwipp ed Dwiilbpejw{. }ygnkpaic

sai ]b}bn Gynnp kj Liqkè* Saipi viwi sai Gynnp ed 2601 bjc 2612 vakà èjciljic

Dwiilbpejw{*2=3 Sakp bsswb`sic sai bssijskej ed Diwjjcix ci Nkxbwck. b {eyjf pbskwkps nktkjf kj

Liqkè @ks{* Nkxbwck edsij p}eoi bfbkjps sai àywà. ip}i`kbnn{ sai Kjrykpkskej* Gi`bypi akp

vwkskjfp viwi ed b fijiwbn jbsywi ai abc lbjbfic se ip`b}i ìjpywi. lyà se sai àbfwkj ed sai

àywà*2=9

Y}ej sai }ygnk`bskej ed sai ]b}bn Gynnp kj Liqkè. Nkxbwck ci`kcic se cidijc sai

Dwiilbpejp* Akp }bl}anis ijsksnic Cidijpi ed sai Dwiilbpejp vbp }ygnkpaic Digwybw{ 20. 2177*

Ai ci`nbwic sai ]b}bn Gynnp abc yjhypsn{ èjciljic sai pi`wis pe`kiskip vksaeys pyddk`kijs }weed*

Bnsaeyfa Nkxbwck `nbklic ai vbp jes b Lbpej bjc abc jitiw bssijcic saikw liiskjfp. ai dins `bnnic

se cidijc sail* Ai pbkc sai{ viwi feec lij. bjc saikw feec vewop }ys @bsaenk`p se pabli* Ai

vejciwic aev sai{ èync gi gnblic dew pkl}n{ oii}kjf pi`wisp* Bdsiw bnn. sai{ abc pvewj se Fec

jes se witibn saikw pi`wisp" Kd pi`wi`{ viwi sai kppyi. ai pbkc. èync jes eji gwkjf y} sai Kjrykpkskej5

Ai bnpe ijyliwbsic esaiw kjèjpkpsij`kip vksa sai Welbj @aywà*2=4

Nkxbwck vbp bjpviwic g{ b }bl}anisiiw ojevj pkl}n{ bp sai ]b}kps. vae vbp paeòic bs

Nkxbwckp kl}ycijì bjc cbwkjf* Ai vejciwic aev Nkxbwck cbwic se `wksk`kxi sai ]e}i* Ai psbsic

sabs kd sai lesktip ed sai Dwiilbpejp viwi }we}iw sai{ veync jes abti se akci* Sai ci`kpkejp ed sai

]e}i ckc jes jiic sai dbnpi knnypswbskejp ed sai icksewp ed In Pen. bjc ai cilbjcic bj b}enef{ se sai

Liqk`bj àywà dwel Nkxbwck*2=6

Nkxbwck wip}ejcic* Ai ci`nbwic sabs ks vbp wkck`yneyp se pb{ sabs eji èyncjs lboi bj

egpiwtbskej ej b nbv ew gi bgni se ryipskej sabs nbv* Pkl}n{ se ryipskej ckcjs libj sabs eji

ryipskejic ksp bysaewks{* Ai dins ai vbp dewsyjbsi se gi gewj kj sai bfi ed ijnkfasijlijs. wilbwokjf

sabs ks vbp ckddk`yns se yjciwpsbjc aev eji ]e}i èync fis wkci ed sai Hipyksp bjc bjesaiw èync

wikjpsbsi sail* Pelisakjf lyps gi vwejf vksa sai }e}ip kjdbnnkgknks{*

Ai `nbklic se wip}i`s sai ]b}b`{. gys pbkc saiwi èync tiw{ vinn gi iwwewp bjc èjswbck`skejp

kj sai }b}bn gynnp* Ai saeyfas sabs kd ai viwi se gi iqèllyjk`bsic dew vwkskjf bgeys b gynn.

Fiwlbj{. Dwbjì. ]ewsyfbn bjc P}bkj paeync bnpe gi iqèllyjk`bsic"2=1

Aevitiw. sai i``nipkbpsk`bn bysaewkskip ckc jes dkjc akp bwfylijsp èjtkj`kjf bjc ej

Digwybw{ 7;sa

ed 2177. Nkxbwck vbp iqèllyjk`bsic* Ai widypic se pyglks. pkjfni,abjcicn{ sbokjf

ej sai Welbj akiwbwà{* Ai }iskskejic @ejfwipp deyw sklip se èli se akp bkc. vksa je wip}ejpi*


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73

Ai bjc akp dblkn{ pyddiwic b fwibs cibn* Iqèllyjk`bskej vbp b piwkeyp b`skej. gwkjfkjf

bnkijbskej dwel pe`kis{ kj lbj{ vb{p. itij se sai iqsijs sabs liwàbjsp widypic se pinn saikw vbwip

se sai iqèllyjk`bsic dblkn{* Div `bli se saikw py}}ews* Itijsybnn{ ai `bli se siwlp vksa sai

@bsaenk` @aywà. bnsaeyfa sai èjckskejp viwi jitiw e}ijn{ psbsic* Kj 2174 ai bfbkj cidijcic

Dwiilbpejw{* Akp }wkj`k}ni èjìwj bs sabs skli vbp sai nbò ed winkfkeyp seniwbjì kj sai 0wc bwsk`ni

ed sai 2173 @ejpsksyskej*

Nkxbwck vwesi }bl}anisp bfbkjps Dbsaiw Bwijbp kj 2176. b P}bjkpa }wkips e}}epic se

Dwiilbpejw{. vae bssil}sic se nibc b wiginnkej* Kj B}wkn ed 2176 bp akp aibnsa cisiwkewbsic. Nkxbwck

vwesi akp nbps sipsblijs. psbskjf sabs ai jitiw ceygsic sai ceflbp ed sai àywà. gys sabs ai ckc jes

ginkiti kj sai kjdbnnkgknks{ ed sai }e}i* Ai ckic ej Hyji 76. 2176*2=;

Lbj{ ceygsic sabs Dwiilbpejw{ vbp sai swyi `bypi ed Nkxbwckp iqèllyjk`bskej* Sai

àywà abc giij bjsbfejkxic g{ akp dwiryijs bssbòp. bjc ks b}}ibwic sai{ jev abc b leskti dew

witijfi* ]byn Wbckj ginkitic sabs sai wibn wibpej dew sai rykò b`skej ej Nkxbwck abc se ce vksa sai

wib`skejbw{ bssksyci ed sai akfaiw `niwf{. vae ae}ic se wifbkj }eviw cywkjf saikw bnnkbjì vksa

Ksywgkci* Sai P}bjkpa fetiwjlijs abc lbci je bssil}s se ijdewì sai ]b}bn Gynnp }weakgkskjf

Dwiilbpejw{. pe ks vbp kjsiwipskjf sabs sai Liqk`bj fetiwjlijs seeo sai psi} ed }ygnkpakjf sai

gynnp*22=

Kj 2176 b }bl}anis ijsksnic @ejìwjkjf Lbpejp vbp }ygnkpaic kj sai dewl ed b ckbnefyi

gisviij Ceb Si`kb bjc C* @bjyse* Pai wièllijcic sai wisywj ed sai Kjrykpkskej se fis wkc ed sai

sweygnipeli Lbpejp* Ai wip}ejcic vksa aewwew. pb{kjf sabs vaij eji èjsil}nbsic bnn sai

cwibcdyn b`skejp ed sai Kjrykpkskej. ks vbp yjsakjobgni se èjpkciw ksp wisywj* Pai ckpbfwiic bjc pbkc

sai Lbpejp abc saikw evj dewl ed Kjrykpkskej bjc abc giij wip}ejpkgni dew gneec{. absidyn vbwp* Ks

vbp abwc se ojev vakà fwey} vbp sai vewps. sai [ewo Wksi ew sai Pèsskpa Wksi* Pai jesic sabs sai

[ewo Wksi cidijcic nkgiws{ bjc kjci}ijcijì* Sai Pèsskpa Wksi. ej sai esaiw abjc. cidijcic

ewciw. bp e}}epic se sai bjbwà{ ed sai [ewo Wksi* Pai vejciwic vabs eync gi ceji* Eji

Kjrykpkskej ckcjs penti sai }wegnilp* Vabs veync ab}}ij vksa sve. bjc gesa ed sail kj b aibsic

pswyffni5 Lbpejp akc g{ jkfas bjc viwi èl}nisi vksa ebsap. sawibsp. ìwilejkip. fwklbìp. bjc

wksip* Va{ ckc sai{ ce sakp kd saikw ejn{ bkl vbp àbwks{5 Pai saeyfas ks vbp leps kjsiwipskjf sabs

saiwi vbp ckpcbkj dew sai enc Kjrykpkskej bjc }wesi`skej dew saepi vae vewi bjesaiw ckpfykpi"222


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Bnsaeyfa saiwi vbp winy`sbjì se e}ijn{ `wksk`kxi sai Lbpejp. lbj{ viwi ckpfypsic vksa

saikw pswbjfi b`sktkskip* Kj Hyn{ ed 2171 sai jivp}b}iw In Cidijpew ci Nb Winkfkej. nblijsic sai

wibckjf ed èjciljic geeop. geeop g{ wiginp pyà bp Etkc. Tensbkwi bjc Weyppiby* Sai Lbpejp.

vae viwi pywin{ bvbwi ed saikw yj}e}ynbwks{ vksa sai àywà. abc bssil}sic se àbjfi saikw jblip.

Sai Pèsskpa Wksi gi`bli sai Jetijbwkep bjc sai [ewo Wksi sai Fybcbny}bjep* ]bwbcip viwi ainc

vksa gbjjiwp bjc bnn sai wifbnkb ed sai Welbj @aywà* Ibà pi`s abc b }bswej pbkjs* In Cidijpew

yjab}}kn{ wilbwoic sabs Eyw Nbc{ ed Wilickip bjc sai Tkwfij ed Fybcbny}i viwi gikjf leòic

bjc sabs èjckskejp viwi pyà sabs kd Nysaiw bjc @bntkj wisywjic. sai{ veync eghi`s nkssni se sai

ab}}ijkjfp kj Liqkè* Sai dewl ed fetiwjlijs vbp jes sai èjìwj. èjswbw{ se vabs sai

e}}ejijsp ed In Cidijpew lkfas pb{* Sai lbkj kppyi vbp sai ckpcbkj dew sai winkfkej ed Hipyp @awkps*

227

B piwlej g{ C* Nxbwe ci nb Fbwxb { Gbnnipsiwep. Bwàgkpae} ed Liqkè kj 2100. bssbòic

sai }wkj`k}nip ed Dwiilbpejw{. vksaeys b`sybnn{ jblkjf sai Lbpejp* Ai pbkc sabs lij viwi kj

kfjewbjì cyi se pkj bjc abc dbnnij dwel b aen{ bjc hyps psbsi* Hipyp vbp sai swyi nkfas sabs

knnylkjic itiw{ lbj* Ai èjskjyic sabs ks vbp jes pswbjfi sabs saiwi vbp pe nkssni }iwdi`skej bjc pe

lyà sweygni kj pe`kis{ bp sai Liqk`bjp viwi ejn{ wi}ibskjf sai ckpegickijì ed saikw dkwps dbsaiwp.

bjc èjpiryijìp viwi lynsk}nkic*

Peli `nbklic sabs bfi gweyfas }iwdi`skej bjc egickijì vbp yjjiìppbw{. gi`bypi vi viwi

eyw evj lbpsiwp* ]wipskfi bjc b feec jbli viwi fktij fwibs kl}ewsbjì. bjc lyà vbp vwkssij

bgeys lbjp ckfjks{. wkfasp. kjsiwipsp bjc {is jitiw abc lbj giij pe dbw dwel ab}}kjipp* Ai

èj`nycic g{ pb{kjf. [ey jiic abti je esaiw Lbpsiw sabj Hipyp @awkps*220

Kj 2166 sai Gkpae} ed Synbj`kjfe vwesi bj kjsiwipskjf swibskpi èjìwjkjf ]wesipsbjskpl bjc

Dwiilbpejw{* Ai swbìc sai }wegnilp gbò se Nysaiw. vael ai pbkc vbp yjab}}{ vaij ]e}i Niej

Q fbti sai Celkjk`bjp. wbsaiw sabj sai Byfypskjkbjp. sai wkfas se }wibà kj dbtew ed kjcynfijìp*

Nysaiw vbp pe bjfw{ sabs ai ijèywbfic }ie}ni se wibc sai Gkgni" Sai Fep}in vbp eddiwic se sai

}ie}ni vksaeys sai gijidks ed èllijsbw{. bjc itiw{eji kjsiw}wisic ks bp sai{ vkpaic* Sakp abc

ejn{ wipynsic kj ginkitkjf jesakjf*

Sai Gkpae} bccic sabs ]wesipsbjsp abc e}ijic sai ceew fktkjf sai Dwijàlbj. Tensbkwi.

nkìjpi se pbskwkxi sai aywà* Gi`bypi P}bkj vbp pe `nepi se Dwbjì. saipi aiwipkip gi`bli }e}ynbw*

Peej Liqkè abc bnpe gièli kjdipsic g{ saipi kcibp* Lbj{ cipiwsic sai dbksa bjc bnsaeyfa


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Tkìwe{ Tijifbp kj 2127 gbjjic sai Dwiilbpejp. ks vbp see nbsi* Sai piic abc giij pevj*

Jitiwsainipp. Fec ain}ic Ksywgkci se fbkj kjci}ijcijì bjc bnnevic Liqkè se gi yjciw winkfkeyp

kjdnyijì* Wililgiw sakp. ai ci`nbwic8

Liqkè evip se sai àywà aiw kjci}ijcijì" Lbpejp kj sai dkwps èjfwipp vbjsic sejynnkd{ sai kjdnyijì ed sai àywà* Sai{ viwijs èl}nisin{ py`ìppdyn. sabjop sedbksadyn @bsaenk`p vae viwi }wipijs* Aevitiw. saiwi abp giij bjesaiw kjtbpkej edLbpejp bjc vi jiic se vbwj sai dbksadyn se givbwi ed ]wesipsbjskpl bjc Lbpejw{*

223

B}bws dwel p`bssiwic }bl}anisp. piwlejp bjc sai iqèllyjk`bskej ed Nkxbwck. eji vejciwp

bs sai winbskti pknijì ed sai àywà* Sai lbkj eghi`skejp b}}ibwic se gi sai pi`wi`{ bjc }enksk`bn

kjtentilijs ed Lbpejp* Bnpe }wesi`sic vbp saikw il}abpkp ej dwiicel ed saeyfas bjc nbò ed

egickijì se sai àywà* Peli vwejfn{ irybsic saikw ginkidp vksa ]wesipsbjskpl* Ejn{ Bwàgkpae}

Fbwxb { Gbnnipsiwep p}eoi se sai aibws ed sai lbssiw. bjc ai vbp winy`sbjs se widiw p}i`kdk`bnn{ se sai

Lbpejp*

@ej`nypkejp

K abti ryipskejic sai bgknks{ ed eji lbj ew eji èyjsw{ gikjf bgni se ilgwbì gesa

@awkpskbjks{ bjc Lbpejw{* Ks kp itkcijs sabs sakp ab}}ijic. jes ejn{ kj Liqkè. gys kj lbj{

èyjswkip* Dennevkjf bwi peli sijsbskti èj`nypkejp*

Bp Hep B* Diwwbw Gijklinnk }ekjsp eys kj akp geeo. Sai Pi`wis Tbsk`bj Bwàktip bjc

Lbpejw{. ks vbp `ypselbw{ kj sai 21sa @ijsyw{ se dkjc @bsaenk`p kj necfip ed bnn èyjswkip. gesa

@bsaenk` bjc jej,@bsaenk`* Bnn ed sai @bsaenk` winkfkeyp ewciwp viwi irybnn{ wi}wipijsic* Kj lbj{

`bpip sai i``nipkbpsk`p viwi sai tiw{ deyjciwp ed saipi necfip. bp `bj gi piij kj Dwbjì. Ginfkyl.

Bypswkb. Ksbn{. Fiwlbj{. Pvksxiwnbjc bjc Wyppkb* @iwsbkjn{ Liqkè vbp jes yjkryi"229

Gijklinnk vbp }yxxnic g{ sai jylgiw ed @bsaenk`p hekjkjf Dwiilbpejw{ kj p}ksi ed sai ]b}bn

Gynnp* Eji iq}nbjbskej vbp sabs ibà èyjsw{ abc se fkti ksp eddk`kbn b}}wetbn se }b}bn ce`ylijsp*

Sabs b}}wetbn vbp dwiryijsn{ cijkic kj lbj{ @bsaenk` èyjswkip bp sai{ pbv je }wegnil vksa

Lbpejw{* Sai{ pkl}n{ kfjewic sai }weakgkskejp ed sai Aen{ Pii. ginkitkjf sabs nkgiws{. dwbsiwjks{.

bjc irybnks{ viwi @awkpskbj tkwsyip* Ai jesic sabs sakp wbskejbni lyps gi piij kj sai nkfas ed sai 21sa

@ijsyw{ vksa ksp il}abpkp ej }aknepe}a{. }aknbjsawe}{ bjc aylbjkpl* Cipkwic viwi seniwbjì.


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}ibì bjc dwbsiwjks{* Saiwi vbp b pijpi sabs sai àywà abc dbknic se }welesi saipi kcibnp* ]ie}ni

netic se hekj `nygp bjc bssijc liiskjfp* Gijilknnk ginkitic sabs kj sai 21sa @ijsyw{ Lbpejp viwi

jes pe kwwinkfkeyp. jew viwi @bsaenk`p bp }keyp. bp kj sai 2;sa bjc 7=sa @ijsywkip*224

]iwab}p sai dbknywi se }ygnkpa sai ]b}bn Gynnp pb{p lyà èjìwjkjf sai }wkewks{ ed sai]b}b`{ kj winbskejpak} se sai }wkewks{ ed jbskejbn petiwikfjs{* Gijilknnkp iq}nbjbskejp bwi ain}dyn.

gys jes èl}nisin{ bcirybsi* Egtkeypn{ saiwi viwi peli vae wilbkjic swyi se saikw @bsaenk` ginkidp

bjc ckc jes èl}welkpi g{ hekjkjf necfip* Ks b}}ibwp sabs saiwi vbp bj kjbgknks{. ew }iwab}p b nbò

ed cipkwi. se iqblkji Lbpejk` ginkidp* Kj peli `bpip saiwi vbp b cijkbn sabs eji ainc sve e}}epkjf

`wiicp. bjc kj sai `bpi ed sai [ewo Wksi fetiwjewp vae. vaij sai 2174 }enn vbp sboij. cijkic sabs

Lbpejw{ iqkpsic kj saikw psbsip"

@bsaenk`p. gesa nb{ bjc `niwf{. vae hekjic sai [ewo Wksi viwi edsij lij gifkjjkjf se

ryipskej sai bysaewks{ ed sai àywà* Newijxe ci Xbtbnb lb{ abti giij pyà b lbj* Xbtbnb

bssijcic sai Pilkjbw{ ed Pbj Kncidejpe kj Lwkcb bjc vbp kjdnyijìc g{ akp sibàiw. Cej ]bgne

Lewije* Lewije vbp b pì}sk` vae ceygsic sai tiwb`ks{ ed sai Gkgni* Ai il}abpkxic bjbn{pkp bjc

ci`wkic yjryipskejkjf py}}ews ed ceflb* Xbtbnb vbp ijèywbfic se wibc dewgkccij geeop bjc se

sakjo dew aklpind. se ryipskej itij sai vwkskjfp ed Ps* Saelbp*226 Je ceygs sai iqbl}ni ed sai

Yjksic Psbsip bjc sai bppe`kbskej vksa lij nkoi ]ekjpiss `bypic dywsaiw ryipskejkjf*

Bj iqbl}ni ed sai saeyfas ed sai skli vbp Tkìjsi We`bdyiwsip ippb{ ej winkfkeyp seniwbjì*

We`bdyiwsi b}}ibwic se abti yjlkskfbsic bclkwbskej dew ]wesipsbjsp* Ai jesic sabs vaij Fiwlbjp

ckpètiwic sai bgypip ed sai Welbj `niwf{. dwiicel ed èjp`kijì vbp gkwsaic* Dwiicel ed

èjp`kijì vbp b jiìppbw{ kjfwickijs ed }enksk`bn nkgiws{* We`bdyiwsi ginkitic sai diciwbn p{psil

vbp bj kl}ewsbjs èjswkgyskej se ijnkfasijic sakjokjf. dwiikjf }ie}ni dwel sai dissiwp ed b Fesak`

icy`bskej* Ai dins winkfkeyp. }enksk`bn bjc ièjelk` dwiicel viwi sai sawii inilijsp ed leciwj

`ktknkxbskej*221

Ai èjskjyic g{ jeskjf sabs itiw{ celkjbjs winkfkej vbp e}}wippkti* Winkfkej paeync gi

kjtkpkgni bjc ejn{ ojevj dew ksp iddi`sp ej lewbnks{* Bclkwkjf sai Yjksic Psbsip. ai èllijsic sabs

sai b}}nk`bskej ed dwiicel bjc kjsinnkfijì se sai psyc{ ed sai P`wk}sywi vbp sai gbpkp dew Jewsa

Bliwk`bj ab}}kjipp* Saikw fetiwjlijs bnnevic sai àywà se gi kjci}ijcijs ed sai psbsi bjc ckc

jes dkjbj`kbnn{ py}}ews winkfkej* We`bdyiwsi ginkitic saepi èyjswkip gips fetiwjic viwi saepi vksa

dwii `kw`ynbskej ed Gkgnip bjc winkfkeyp nksiwbsywi? saikw }wep}iwks{ vbp ckwi`sn{ winbsic se sai cifwii


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ed winkfkeyp seniwbjì bnnevic kj sai èjpsksyskej* P}bkj gifbj se ci`b{ vaij pai kjpsksysic sai

Kjrykpkskej bjc iq}innic sai Leewp*22;

We`bdyiwsi b}}ibwic b ]wesipsbjs y} se sakp }ekjs. bngiks b ]wesipsbjs vksa ìwsbkj }enksk`bn

gkbpip" Ai saij èllijìc se peyjc lewi nkoi b Lbpej. vwkskjf sabs Fec vbjsic yp se neeo bs bnngwesaiwp bp pejp ed sai pbli dbsaiw. vksaeys ckpskj`skej. vaisaiw Hivkpa. Fijskni. gbwgbwkbj ew Sywo*

Vi paeync gi bgni se nkti kj }iwdi`s abwlej{ bjc }ibì* Vksa sai }bppkjf ed skli vi veync

}wefwipp. gièlkjf seniwbjs bjc lewi netkjf. vaisaiw vi viwi {ewokjep. ipèìpip. jetijbwkep.

fyiwwikpsbp. }icwb`kpsbp. gewgejkpsbp*. is`*27=

K deyjc je itkcijì sabs We`bdyiwsi vbp b Lbpej* Kd ai vbp ai vbp }wegbgn{ ed sai [ewo

Wksi* Saepi vae viwi lilgiwp ed sai Pèsskpa Wksi gidewi Kjci}ijcijì viwi ypybnn{ P}bjkbwcp

vksa pswejf P}bjkpa skip* Sai{ lb{ abti giij lkncn{ bjsk`niwk`bn. gys saikw lbkj kjsiwips vbp se

lbkjsbkj èjji`skejp vksa P}bkj bjc se py}}ews b ìjswbnkps lejbwà{* Bp sai [ewo Wksi fbkjic kj

jylgiwp bjc }e}ynbwks{. sai Pèsskpa Wksi wibnkxic b jiic dew b gbnbjì ed }eviw* Sai [ewo Wksi

bsswb`sic lij vae viwi pswejfn{ bjsk`niwk`bn. py}}ewskjf psbsip wkfasp bjc winkfkeyp seniwbjì* Lbj{

}wkipsp viwi cwbvj kjse sai Pèsskpa Wksi kj bj bssil}s se èyjsiwb`s saipi kcibp* Bnsaeyfa peli

lb{ abti ceji pe dew pindkpa wibpejp. dibwkjf ièjelk`bn bjc }enksk`bn nepp. esaiwp }wegbgn{ ginkitic

sabs sai cevjdbnn ed sai àywà veync gi sai cevjdbnn ed sai jbskej* Sai{ viwi bvbwi ed sai lbj{

àbwksbgni vewop ed sai àywà. vakà wirykwic dkjbj`kbn py}}ews se èjskjyi*

Sai e}}epkskej ed sai Welbj @aywà bs sakp skli vbp vibo bjc kjbcirybsi* Itij sai ]b}bn

Gynnp gweyfas dewsa nkssni P`wk}sywbn py}}ews. de`ypkjf lbkjn{ ej sai pi`wis jbsywi ed sai pe`kiskip bjc

sai cbjfiw se sai psbsi bjc sai dbksadyn* Sai àywà iq}i`sic dbksadyn @bsaenk`p se egi{. bjc kj bj bfi

ed ijnkfasijic iqblkjbskej. lbj{ viwi yjvknnkjf se ce pe*

Bs sakp skli sai àywà vbp edsij pkciswbòic. gnblkjf ]wesipsbjsp dew sai kj`wibpi ed

Dwiilbpejw{* Bnsaeyfa ]wesipsbjsp ginkitic kj sai bgknks{ ed ibà }iwpej se kjsiw}wis bjc wibc

P`wk}sywip. sabs ckc jes libj sai P`wk}sywip viwi e}ij se ryipskej. pini`skjf bjc ckp`bwckjf pi`skejp

bs vknn* ]wesipsbjsp il}abpkxic b }iwpejbn winbskejpak} vksa Fec bp e}}epic se b winbskejpak} vksa

Fec saweyfa sai àywà. gys ks vbp sai Fec ed sai Gkgni. jes bj{ Fec*

Vwkskjf bp nbsi bp 2;4=. Lbwsj Linjcix Gbwwbxb vbp psknn gnblkjf ]wesipsbjsp* Ai `nbklic

Lbpejw{ vbp kjdnyijìc g{ esaiw pi`sp. ip}i`kbnn{ ]wesipsbjsp* Je ceygs kj sai lkccni bjc nbsi

21==p saiwi vbp kj`wibpkjf kjsiwb`skej gisviij Lbpejp bjc ]wesipsbjsp bp sai{ vewoic sefisaiw se


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fbkj èllej febnp. }bwsk`ynbwn{ dwiicel ed ginkid dew saepi jes ed sai Welbj @bsaenk` dbksa*

Gbwwbxb psbsic sabs Lbpejw{ vbp gewj kj Ijfnbjc bjc gewi sai psbl} ed Bjfnk`bj aiwip{*272

Vakni ks kp swyi sabs peli ]wesipsbjs cijelkjbskejp ckc jes eysnbv Dwiilbpejw{ bp @bsaenk`p

abti ceji. lbj{ ]wesipsbjsp viwi pkl}n{ kfjewbjs ejìwjkjf sai sibàkjfp ed Dwiilbpejw{* Sai{hekjic vksaeys wibnkxkjf ks vbp bj{sakjf lewi sabj b dwbsiwjbn ewfbjkxbskej* Peli Lbpejp itij

ginkitic saikw Wksip viwi èjji`sic se ]wesipsbjskpl" Xbnì vwejfn{ psbsic sabs sai [ewo Wksi vbp b

èjskjybskej ed sai sibàkjfp ed ]wesipsbjskpl kj ksp lynsk}ni dewlp*277

Bjesaiw }eppkgni db`sew kj sai wb}kc fwevsa ed sai pi`wis pe`kiskip vbp sai èl}bwbskti

vibojipp ed sai @bsaenk` @aywà kj Liqkè* Vaij Ksywgkci dinn. sai bwàgkpae} ci}bwsic dew P}bkj*

Ejn{ deyw gkpae}p wilbkjic. pkq ckeìpip viwi tb`bjs* G{ B}wkn ed 217; saiwi vbp ejn{ eji gkpae}

nids. bp sai ]b}b`{ abc jes fwbjsic }iwlkppkej se dknn tb`bj`kip* Sai ]b}b`{ vbp èjìwjic bgeys

P}bjkpa wib`skej bjc Diwckjbjc TKK e}}epic jblkjf gkpae}p bjc }bpsewp kj Bliwk`b bp ai ckcjs

vbjs se wièfjkxi Liqk`bj kjci}ijcijì*270

Aevitiw. sai vibojipp ed sai àywà èync jes abti

giij ci`kpkti. bp esaiw èyjswkip iq}iwkijìc b pswejf Lbpejk` kjdnyijì. cip}ksi b aibnsa{ Welbj

@bsaenk` }wipijì*

Yjceygsicn{ saiwi viwi b tbwkis{ ed lesktip dew gièlkjf kjtentic vksa pi`wis pe`kiskip*

Eji `bjjes ckpèyjs }ywin{ pindkpa lesktip. sai }eppkgknks{ dew }iwpejbn fbkj saweyfa lbokjf

èjji`skejp vksa sai wkfas }ie}ni. sai }eviw }nb{p kj gbnbj`kjf eji pi`s bfbkjps bjesaiw se bàkiti

ejip evj ijcp* Saiwi viwi lewi bnswykpsk` lesktip bnpe* Vaiwibp eji lkfas ryipskej sai isak`p ed

hekjkjf bj ewfbjkxbskej pkl}n{ gi`bypi sai ijc hypskdkic sai libjp. lbj{ hekjic se }welesi vabs

sai{ èjpkciwic se gi vewsavakni tbnyip*

Kj l{ e}kjkej. sai sve leps kl}ewsbjs wibpejp dew sai kj`wibpi ed Lbpejw{ viwi dkwps. sai

nbò ed Welbj @bsaenk` b}}ibn se sai p`wk}sywip bp b gbpkp dew wihi`skjf Dwiilbpejw{ bjc pièjcn{.

sai pswejf cipkwi ej sai }bws ed nkgiwbnp se dkjc b pswy`sywi se èl}isi vksa sai }eviw bjc kjdnyijì

ed sai Welbj @bsaenk` @aywà* Lbj{ pbv Lbpejw{ bp hyps pyà bj ewfbjkxbskej* Sai pi`wi`{ ed ksp

liiskjfp lbci ks bj kcibn bjc bsswb`skti kjpswylijs se `bww{ eys e}}epkskej*

Saiwi kp lyà ckp`yppkej bgeys vaisaiw Dwiilbpejw{ kp b winkfkej* @iwsbkjn{ sai swb}}kjfp

bwi saiwi8 sai tipslijsp. sai bnsbw. sai wksybn. sai gywkbn wksip bjc b dbkwn{ yjkdewl p{psil ed ginkid*

Jitiwsainipp. bp psbsic ibwnkiw. }ie}ni hekjic dew esaiw sabj winkfkeyp wibpejp. kj`nyckjf }enksk`bn.

pe`kbn. bjc }iwpejbn fbkj* Jitiwsainipp. ks piilic se gièli b winkfkej se lbj{ Liqk`bjp. lij vae


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0=

nids sai @bsaenk` àywà* Kj Dwiilbpejw{ sai{ deyjc dinnevpak} bjc gwesaiwaeec. b ginkid kj sai

kjjbsi feecjipp bjc `b}bgknks{ ed lbj. ijtine}ic vksa b l{psiwkeyp. pi`wis wksybnkpsk` bywb* Bp sai{

}wefwippic dwel cifwii se cifwii sai{ neeoic dewvbwc se b dkjbn bpìjs se sai Fwbjc Necfi ej Akfa*

@bsaenk`p bnpe bwi edsij sbyfas sai{ abti peli wip}ejpkgknks{ dew vewokjf eys saikw evj pbntbskej*

Aevitiw. lyà ed Lbpejk` sibàkjf kp èjswbw{ se @bsaenk`kpl*

@el}welkpi5 @ejdnk`s5 Ks piilic se li saiwi vbp lewi ed sai dewliw sabj sai nbssiw kj

Liqkè. ip}i`kbnn{ kj sai ibwn{ }iwkec dennevkjf Kjci}ijcijì* Sakp kp b dbp kjbskjf }iwkec. b skli

vaij sai {eyjf jbskej vbp fbsaiwkjf kcibp dwel lbj{ ckwi`skejp. b skli kj vakà Liqkè vbp

piiokjf se ipsbgnkpa aiw evj kcijsks{* Lbpejw{ kp gys eji db`sew bjc jiicp se gi piij kj nkfas ed sai

kjsinni`sybn `ywwijsp ed sai skli* Sai èjdnk`s gisviij sai `wepp bjc sai èl}bpp kp b èjdnk`s vksa

lbj{ dbìsp. cipiwtkjf ed dywsaiw psyc{*

2 Hipp Fyskwwix Fbw`kb _Dinkq Jbtbwwissi\ Lbpejw{ kj sai Akpsew{ bjc sai Nbvp ed Liqkè!Lqkè8 Icksewkbn Hyp. P*B*. 2;96+ }}* 727,723*

7 Bngiws Lbòi{. `ksic g{ Hblip C* @bwsiw. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Siqbp !]aC ckppiwsbskej. Yjktiwpks{ed Siqbp. 2;93+. }* 7*

0 Inkxbgisa J* Lknnp. Cej Tbnijskj Flix Dbwbp bjc sai Citine}lijs ed akp ]enksk`bn Kcibp.!Saipkp. YJBL. 2;96+. }* 2;4*

3 Hbò Abwwkp. Dwiilbpejw{8 Sai Kjtkpkgni @yns kj eyw Lkcps !Sevpej. Lbw{nbjc8 G{ sai Bysaew.2;10+. }}* 77,70*

9 Hipp Fyskwwix Fbw`kb _Dinkq Jbtbwwissi\ Lbpejw{ kj sai Akpsew{ bjc sai Nbvp ed Liqkè!Lqkè8 Icksewkbn Hyp. P*B*. 2;96+

}* 2=*

4 Ij`{`ne}bickb Gwksbjjk`b. 22sa Ic*. p*t*Fykncp. g{ @abwnip Fwepp*

6 @bsaenk` Ij`{`ne}bckb. 2;46. p*t* Dwiilbpejw{. g{ V* H* Vabnij*

1 Lknnp. Cej Tbnijsj Flix Dbwbp. }* 2;6*

;Hipp Fyskwwix Fbw`kb _Dinkq Jbtbwwissi\ Lbpejw{ kj sai Akpsew{ bjc sai Nbvp ed Liqkè!Lqkè8 Icksewkbn Hyp. P*B*. 2;96+ }* 2=*

2= Abwwkp. Dwiilbpejw{8 sai Kjtkpkgni @yns kj eyw Lkcps. }* 70*


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02

22 @bwsiw. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Siqbp. }* 72*

27 Hep B* Diwwbw Gijklinnk. Sai Pi`wis Tbsk`bj Bwàktip bjc Lbpejw{. !@bwb`bp8 @bsaenk`Yjktiwpks{. Bjcwp Ginnep. 2;64+. }* 672*


23 @bwsiw. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Siqbp. }}* ;,2=*

29 Kgkc*. }* 9*

24 Bj Ij`{`ne}ickb ed Dwiilbpejw{. 2;24. p*t*. @awkpskbjkxbskej. Bngiws F* Lbòi{*

26 Kgkc*. Wipywwi`skej. B*F* Lbòi{*

21 Kgkc*. Bjskryks{ ed Dwiilbpejw{. B*F* Lbòi{*

2; Kgkc*. Gkgni. B*F* Lbòi{*

7= Kgkc*. Winkfkej ed Lbpejw{. B*F* Lbòi{*

72 Wegiws K* @niff* Sai Ij`{`ne}ickb Abjcgeeo !Jiv [ewo8 Lbpejk Akpsew{ @e* 2;26+

77 Fyskwwix. Lbpejw{ kj Akpsew{. }}* 727,723*

70 C* Dnkx Pbwc { Pbntbj{. Lbpejw{ bjc @bsaenk`kpl !Gbwìnejb8 Nkgwiwb { Sk}efwbdb @bsnk`b.2119+. }}* 4,24*

73 Kgkc*. }}* 77,06*

79 Kgkc*. }}* 0;,93*

76 Kgkc*. }}* 99,40*

71 Lbjybn ci nb lbpejiwb.!Lbjybn ed Lbpejw{+ }* 06. bp `ksic kj Lbwsj Linjcix Gbwwbxb. Nblbpejiwb { py pksyb`kj `bjjk`b. !Lbpejw{ bjc ksp `bjejk`bn pksybskej+!Gefes8 Icks* Tese Jb`kejbn.2;4=+. }* 36*

7; Gbwwbxb. Nb lbpejiwb { py pksyb`kj `bjjk`b. !Lbpejw{ bjc ksp `bjejk`bn pksybskej }* 97*

0= Ck`skejbkwi ci nb Dek @bsaenkryi.!Ck`skejbw{ ed sai @bsaenk` dbksa+ KK. ]* 273. bp `ksic kjGbwwbxb.

}* 92*

02 Gbwwbxb. Nb lbpejiwb { py pksyb`kj `bjjk`b. !Lbpejw{ bjc ksp `bjejk`bn pksybskej }}* 16,1;*


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07

07 Kgkc*. }}* 2=6,2=1*

00 @bsaenk` Ij`{`ne}ickb. 2;46. p*t*. Dwiilbpejw{. g{ V* H* Vabnij*

03

Cw* Sasl Jbf{. Hipyksbp { lbpejip !Hipyksp bjc Lbpejp+ !Gyijep Bkwip8 Ick`kj cinbysew. 2;40+. }}* 020,024*

09 Kgkc*. }}* 0;0,0;3*

04 Kgkc*. }}* 317,3;;*

06 Nb Lbpejiwb ij Ip}bb.!Lbpejw{ kj P}bkj+ bp `ksic g{ Nknnkbj Dkpaiw. Ibwn{ Lbpejw{ kjLiqkè. Akpsewk`bn Rybwsiwn{ 37 !Hbjybw{ 2;0;+. }* 2;1*

01 Pbwc { Pbntbj{. Lbpejkple { `bsenk`kple. !Lbpejw{ bjc @bsaenk`kpl+. }* 71*

0; @bsaenk` Ij`{`ne}ickb. 2;46. p*t*. Dwiilbpejw{. g{ V* H* Vabnij*

3= Hep b* Diwwbw. Lbpejiwb { nb Kjci}ijcij`kb ci Bliwk`b Ip}benb.!Lbpejw{ bjc saiKjci}ijcijì ed P}bjkpa Bliwk`b+ Bjybwke ci ipsyckep bliwk`bjep 09 !2;61+8}* 262*

32 Kgkc*. }* 26=*

37 Saelbp G* Cbtkp. Bp}i`sp ed Dwiilbpejw{ kj Leciwj Liqkè. !Jiv [ewo8 Tbjsbfi ]wipp.2;64+. }* qt*

30 Nknnkbj I* Dkpaiw. Ibwn{ Lbpejw{ kj Liqkè. 21=4,2171. Peysavipsiwj Akpsewk`bn Rybwsiwn{ 37!Hbjybw{ 2;0;+. }* 2;1*

33 @bwsiw. Hblip. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Siqbp. }}* 742. 76=*

39 Ny`bp Bnblj. Akpsewkb ci Lhkè. !Akpsew{ ed Liqkè+ icksic g{ @bwnep ]iwi{wb !Lqkè8icksewkbn Hyp. 2;37+. }* 72


36 Bnblj. Akpsewkb ci Lhkè. }*01*

31 Kgkc*. }* 3=

3; Wkàbwc I* Fwiijnibd. Sai Liqk`bj Kjrykpkskej bjc sai Lbpejk` Letilijs8 2692,217=.

Jiv Liqkè Akpsewk`bn Witkiv 33. je* 7 !B}wkn 2;4;+. }* 2=1*

9= Geew. Lbpejiwb. bp `ksic kj @bwsiw. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Siqbp.}* 744*

92 Fyskwwix. Nb Lbpejiwb ij nb akpsewkb.!Lbpejw{ kj akpsew{+}* 74*


33/39

00

97 @bwsiw. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Siqbp. dwel akp }iwpejbn ènni`skej. Inipke ]bwicip. Nb lbpejiwbLbsblewipi ij nb akpsewkb { nb ni{ijcb*!Lbsblewbp Lbpejw{ kj akpsew{ bjc nifijc+

90Nykp H* Xbnì { Wecwkfyix. B}yjsip }bwb nb akpsewkb ci nb lbpejiwb ij Lqkè. ci lkp ni`sywbp {

lkp wi`yiwcep. .!Jesip dew sai akpsew{ ed Lbpejw{. dwel l{ wibckjf bjc wililgwbjìp+ !Lqkè8 L**J*ci nb Tifb. 2130+. }* 72*

93 Newijxe ci Xbtbnb. Ijpb{e akpsewkè ci nbp witeny`kejip ci Lqkè cipci 21=1,210=!Akpsewk`bn ippb{ ed sai witenyskejp ed Liqkè dwel 21=1,210=+!Lqkè8 L*J* ci nb Tifb. 2139+. }* 72*

99 Xbnì. B}yjsip }bwb nb akpsewkb. .!Jesip dew sai akpsew{ ed Lbpejw{+ }}* 0,9*

94 Fwiijnibd. Wkàbwc I*. Sai Liqk`bj Kjrykpkskej bjc sai Lbpejk` Letilijs. }}* 2=6,222*

96 Hep Lbwb Lbsiep. Akpsewkb ci nb lbpejiwb ci Lqkè. cipci 21=4 abpsb 2113.!Akpsew{ edLbpejw{ kj Liqkè dwel 21=4,2113+ !Lqkè. 2113+. }* ;*

91 Xbnì. B}yjsip }bwb nb akpsewkb. .!Jesip dew sai akpsew{ ed Lbpejw{+ }* 6*

9; Heaj N* L`Nikpa. Akfankfasp ed sai Liqk`bj Witenyskej !@kj`kjjbsk8 Lijbì ]ygnkpakjf @e*.2;21+. }*79*

4= Hep Lbwb Nykp Lewb. Egwbp pyinsbp.!lkpìnnbjieyp vwkskjfp+ !Lqkè8 Icksewkbn ]ewwyb. P*B*.2;40+. }}* 6,;*


47 Xbnì. B}yjsip }bwb nb akpsewkb. !Jesip dew akpsew{+}* 71*

40 Bnblj. Akpsewkb ci Lhkè. }}* 010,013*

43 Lbsiep. Akpsewkb ci nb lbpejiwb. }* 29*


44 Bnblj. Akpsewkb ci Lhkè. }* 496*

46 Fyskwwix. Nb Lbpejiwb ij nb akpsewkb. }*9=*

41 Kgkc. }* 01*

4; Hep Dyijsip Lbwip. Akpsewkb ci yjb fwbj kjswkfb. !Akpsew{ ed b fwibs kjswkfyi+ !Lqkè.Ick`kejip Eìbje. P*B*. 2;17+. }* ;;*

6= Xbtbnb. Ijpb{e akpswkè ci nbp witeny`kejip. !Akpsewk`bn ippb{ ed sai witenyskejp+ }* 794*

62 Fiewfi Dkpaiw. Dwiilbpejw{ kj Liqkè. Lbpejk` Witkiv !E`segiw 2191+8 }}* 9,6*

67 Lbsiep. Akpsewkb ci nb lbpejiwb. }}* 29,24*


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03

60 Xbtbnb. Ijpb{e akpswkè ci nbp witeny`kejip. !Akpsewk`bn ippb{ ed sai witenyskejp+ }* 794*

63 Wkàbwc I* @akpl. Yjb èjswkgy`kj b nb akpsewkb lbpjk`b ci Lqkè !B èjswkgyskej se sai

Lbpejk` akpsew{ ed Liqkè+ !Lqkè. Kl}wi* Cin lkjiwe liqk`bje. 21;;+. }* 29*69 Bnblj. Akpsewkb ci Lhkè. }* 642*

64Cep èjpsksy{ijsip cin be 2173. !Sve èjpsksyijsp dwel sai {ibw 2173+ bp `ksic kj NknnkbjDkpaiw. Ibwn{ Lbpejw{ kj Liqkè. }* 7=4*

66 Lbsiep. Akpsewkb ci nb lbpejiwb. }}* 72. 0;

61 Hep W* Fyxlj. ]wep`wk}`kj ci pe`kicbcip pi`wisbp. ij 2171. !Eysnbvkjf ed pi`wis pe`kiskipkj 2171+ Geniskj cin bwàkte fijiwbn ci nb jb`kj 6 !Gynniskj ed sai fijiwbn bwàkti ed sai jbskej+ !2;44+.}* 4;3*

6; Fyskwwix. Nb lbpejiwb ij nb akpsewkb. }}* 94,96*

the cross and the compass - compromise and conflict

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