the critical preschool years and preparation for academic ... pre-school years.pdfthe critical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Critical Preschool Years and Preparation for Academic ... pre-school years.pdfThe Critical Preschool Years and Preparation for Academic and Career Success Sara A. Schmitt, Ph.D](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022041905/5e630bd0c879a8587b02d499/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Critical Preschool Years and Preparation for
Academic and Career Success
Sara A. Schmitt, Ph.D.Assistant Professor
Human Development of Family StudiesPurdue University
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Outline• Introduction to key skills for success
• Development of those skills
• Importance of those skills
• Targeted interventions
• Preschool/prekindergarten programming
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What skills contribute to success in employment?
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What skills contribute to success in employment?
Focus and adaptability
Emotion regulation
Ability to get along
with others
Perspective Taking
PlanningImpulse control
Motivation and
persistenceTeamwork
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Motivation and
persistence
Planning
Impulse control
Focus and adaptability
Teamwork
Ability to get along
with others
Emotion regulation
Perspective taking
Executive function
Social-emotional competence
McClelland et al., 2007
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Executive function
Social-emotional competence
Self-Regulation
= “SOFT SKILLS”
Blair & Raver, 2015
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Development of Self-Regulation
Infancy Early childhood
Middle childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Jacques & Marcovitch, 2010
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Development of Self-Regulation
Infancy Early childhood
Middle childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Shonkoff, 2002
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Development of Self-Regulation
Infancy Early childhood
Middle childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Toddlerhood PreschoolEarly
elementary
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Development of Self-Regulation
Infancy Early childhood
Middle childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Toddlerhood PreschoolEarly
elementary
Zelazo & Ulrich, 2011
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for Soft Skills”
Heckman, 2011
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Importance of Early Self-Regulation
• Short-term outcomes:
– Health (Schmitt et al., 2017)
– Relationships (Denham et al., 2014)
– School readiness (Blair & Razza, 2007; Schmitt et al., 2015;
McClelland et al., 2014)
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Importance of Early Self-Regulation
• Long-term outcomes:
– Academic achievement (McClelland et al., 2013)
– Health, wealth, employment, and well-being (Heckman et al., 2006; Moffitt et al., 2011)
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Importance of Early Self-Regulation
Moffitt, 2011
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Importance of Early Self-Regulation
Moffitt, 2011
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Self-Regulation and Risk
Poverty, ethnic minority status, and family
instability are risk factors for poor self-
regulation
Schmitt et al., 2014; Sektnan et al., 2010
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Self-Regulation and Risk
BUT….
Strong self-regulation can serve as a
compensatory factor for children experiencing
risk
Blair & Raver, 2012, 2015; Obradovic, 2010
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Self-Regulation and Risk
and….
Self-regulation is malleable!
Bierman et al., 2008; Schmitt et al., 2015
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Interventions and Programming
Targeted Interventions
Preschool Programs
(e.g., PreK)
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Interventions and Programming
Targeted Interventions
Preschool Programs
(e.g., PreK)
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Targeted Interventions
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Purdue Interventions
• Red Light, Purple Light
– Music and movement games
– Example: Freeze game
– Results: improvements in self-regulation after 8 weeks of participation (Duncan, Schmitt et al., 2017; Schmitt et al., 2015)
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• Block Play
– Semi-structured block play
activities
– Example prompt: “Today
your job is to work together
to build a boat.”
– Results: improvements in self-regulation after 8 weeks of participation (Schmitt et al.,
2017)
Purdue Interventions
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Interventions and Programming
Targeted Interventions
Preschool Programs
(e.g., PreK)
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Preschool Programming
• kdklnflksnflsfn
Abecedarian ProjectHigh Scope/Perry Preschool Project
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Abecedarian Project
• Randomized controlled trial
• Year round, full day child care from infancy
through preschool
• High quality
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Abecedarian Project
0 20 40 60 80
Employed
Received welfare
Graduated from college
Age when first child born
Control
Abecedarian
%
%
%
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• Randomized controlled trial
• 8 months (Oct-May), half day preschool and
weekly home visits
• High quality
High Scope/Perry Preschool
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High Scope/Perry Preschool
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Both of these studies attributed long-term
effects on…....
soft skills/self-regulation gained
during the preschool year!!!!!!!!
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Should we be spending tax dollars on public preschool????
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Cost/Benefit Analyses
Center for the Developing Child, 2009
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National Landscape of PreK and Evaluation Studies
Phillips et al., 2017
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Consensus Statements Across Evaluation Studies
• Convincing evidence for short-term benefits• Long-term benefits are either unknown or
mixed• PreK programs are not all equally effective
– Quality matters– Curriculum matters– Teacher education, preparation, and support
matters
Phillips et al., 2017
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Summary
• Preschool as a critical stage for development
• Self-regulation in preschool is key for long-
term success
• Targeted interventions can work
• Preschool/prekindergarten may be a sound
public investment
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Thank you!Sara Schmitt, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Human Development and Family Studies
765-494-4139