Manages the courtroom, ensuring that order is maintained.

Makes rulings on evidence issues. Listens Makes the decision in some cases.

Represents the crown. Is responsible for ensuring the justice

happens. Their job is not simply to just seek a

conviction.

Hired by the accused or the government Is there to represent the accused. Must ensure that the accused’s rights

are protected.

Listens to the case. Comes to a consensus decision on the

guilt or innocence of the accused.

ProcedureArraignmentBail HearingPreliminary HearingThe Trial

The TrialMotionsJury SelectionArraignment/RearraignmentPresentation of EvidenceJury or Judge VerdictSentence

Presentation of EvidenceCrown starts with examination-in-chief of witnessDefence may cross-examine witnessCrown may reexamine witnessDefence may recross-examine with judge’s

permissionDefence presents evidenceCrown may cross-examine witnessDefence may reexamine witnessCrown may make rebuttalDefence may make surrebuttal

Presentation of EvidenceWhen the witness is yours, you may not ask

leading questions, since witnesses are pre-examined by their side

Cross-examinations may use leading questionsCredibility is important for all witnessesEvidence must be presented through

witnesses (expert or non-expert)If the defence raises a new matter, the crown

may give evidence in reply (rebuttal) and then the defence may present surrebuttal (evidence to counter the crown’s rebuttal evidence)