the cost of maize and alternative forages...alternative forages e. finneran 1, 2 and p. crosson 1 1...
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Moorepark: 04/02/10
The cost of maize and alternative forages
E. Finneran1, 2 and P. Crosson1
1Teagasc Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath. 2School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4.
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Presentation Overview
• Background
• Cost of maize silage
– Effect of yield variation
– Effect of polythene mulch
– Effect of soil nutrient status
• Costs of alternative winter feeds relative to purchased
rolled barley
• Conclusion
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Background
• Feed cost is the greatest direct cost (Teagasc NFS,2008)
• Need to control/ reduce feed cost
• Need to evaluate factors affecting feed crop cost:
– Changing input prices
– Management
– Soil and weather
• Grange Feed Costing Model (GFCM; Teagasc Grange 2010)
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Analysis assumptions
• Soil index 3 for P and K
• High standards of management assumed (yields & quality)
• Annual land charge of €300/ha for all crops
• Current contractor charges for all operations (Teagasc, 2010)
• All chemical fertilisers used (Coulter & Lalor, 2008)
• Jan 2010 fertiliser and spray prices (CSO, IFJ, Teagasc 2010)
• Purchased rolled barley costed at €150/t fresh delivered
• Costs per hectare, per tonne utilised (consumed) dry
matter, per 1,000UFL
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Cost of maize silage€/ha €/acre
Land charge 300 120
Crop establishment (incl plastic) 713 285
Fertilisers and sprays 432 173
Harvesting 309 124
Feedout 88 35
Other variable costs 70 28
Fixed costs 88 35
Total feed cost 1,999 800
UDM Yield t/ha, t/ac 13.9 5.6
Total feed cost €/t UDM €144
Source: GFCM, Teagasc, Grange
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Effect of yield variability
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Below ave Average Above ave
€/ t
UD
M
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
t UD
M /h
a
YieldSource: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Effect of yield variability
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Below ave Average Above ave
€/ t
UD
M
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
t UD
M /h
a
Yield CostSource: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Maize yields with and without plastic
YieldPlastic/No
PlasticDry Matter Yield
(t UDM/ha)Energy Yield (‘000 UFL/ha)
Below average
P 12.1 9.7
NP 8.7 6.8
AverageP 13.9 11.8
NP 11.7 9.4
Above average
P 15.6 14.0
NP 14.7 13.2
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Plastic effect on maize cost: DM basis
€195
€146
€117
€166
€144€129
6080
100120140
160180200220
Below ave Average Above ave
Yield
€/ t
UD
M No PlasticPlastic
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Plastic effect on maize cost: Energy basis
€244
€183
€138
€200
€169
€143
6080
100120140160180200220240260
Below ave Average Above ave
Yield
€/ '0
00 U
FL
No PlasticPlastic
8% - 18%
Sowing under polythene reduces maize cost
by:
Sowing under polythene reduces variability of yield
by: 48%
…reduces variability of maizecost by: 45%
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Effect of soil nutrient status and slurry usage
• Field 1: High P and K status. Previously permanent grassland.
• Field 2: Low P and K status. Previously in continuous maize/cereals.
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Soil Indices
N P K
Field 1 2 3 3
Field 2 1 1 1
Source: Coulter & Lalor, 2008
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Effect of soil nutrient status
€144€157
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Field 1 Field 2
€/ t
UD
M
Total Cost Fertiliser
Maize grown in Field 2 costs 9% more than
an equivalent crop grown in Field 1
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Effect of cattle slurry usage
€144
€125
€157
€132
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Field 1 Field 1 'S' Field 2 Field 2 'S'
€/ t
UD
M
Total Cost Fertiliser
Slurry usage reduced maizecost by:
16%13%
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD
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Alternative feed crops Utilisation and yield
Utilisation1 Yield (t UDM)Grazed grass 0.75 9.0
One cut silage system 0.81 6.75
Two cut silage system 0.81 10.5
Maize 0.86 13.9
Whole crop wheat 0.86 13.8
Whole crop triticale 0.86 14.4
Fodder beet 0.81 12.1
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
1Utilisation: kg consumed per kg grown
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Alternative feed crops Components of feed cost
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
GG GS1 GS2 WCM WCW WCT FBH
€/ h
a
Land Crop Est Fert & crop mgt Harvest Feedout Fixed costsSource: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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Alternative feed crops Total feed cost/ ha
€2,606
€1,999€1,805€1,735
€1,527
€883€676
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
GG GS1 GS2 WCT WCW WCM FBH
€/ h
a
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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€74
€120€131 €131
€144 €145
€215
0
50
100
150
200
250
GG
WCT
GS1
WCW
WCM
GS2
FBH
€/ t
UD
MAlternative feed crops
Total feed cost: DM basis
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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€77
€147€168 €169 €170
€181 €192
0
50
100
150
200
250
GG
WCT
GS1
WCM
WCW
GS2
FBH
€/ '0
00 U
FLAlternative feed crops Total feed cost: Energy basis
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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€77
€147€168 €169 €170 €181 €192
€162
0
50
100
150
200
250
GG
WCT
GS1
WCM
WCW
GS2
FBHPurch
RB
€/ '0
00 U
FLAlternative feed crops Total feed cost: Energy basis
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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Cost relative to purchased barley Energy basis
0
1
GG
GS1
GS2
WCM
WCW
WCT
FBHPurch
RBR
elat
ive
to p
urch
ased
bar
ley Below ave Average yield Above ave
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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Cost relative to purchased barley Energy basis
0
1
GS1
GS2
WCM
WCW
WCT
FBHPurch
RBR
elat
ive
to p
urch
ased
bar
ley Below ave Average yield Above ave
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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Cost relative to purchased barley Energy basis
0
1
GS1
GS2
WCM
WCW
WCT
Purch RB
Rel
ativ
e to
pur
chas
ed b
arle
y Below ave Average yield Above ave
Source: GFCM, DARDNI, DAF, Teagasc, UCD,CSO
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Conclusion• Yield is the greatest factor affecting feed cost variability
• Soil nutrient status and testing is important
• Plastic important for maize, particularly wrt crop quality
• There are range of cost competitive winter feeds
• Range of factors affect the choice of feed crops
including:
– Cost of production and feeding
– Livestock feed requirements
– Farm layout
– Available facilities and labour
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Thank you for your attention