the cost of incarceration greg trout, chief counsel ohio department of rehabilitation &...
TRANSCRIPT
THE COST OF INCARCERATION
Greg Trout, Chief CounselOhio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction
The United States exceeds the top 35 European countries – combined –
in the # incarcerated
2010 Report from the Pew Charitable Trusts, citing figures from website of King’s College, London
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/law/research/icps/worldbrief/
World’s Top 3 Prison Populations
1. U.S. 2,292,1332. China 1,620,0003. Russian Federation 825,400
Europe’s top 4:
1. Russian Federation 825,4002. Ukraine 152,1693. Turkey 120,8144. U.K. : England & Wales 83,055
Ohio is the sixth largest state prison system
Total Fiscal Cost in FY 09,Including operating and capital:
$ 1,798,374,334
Employees: 13,000C/O’s: 7,000P.O.’s: 500
Since 2001:• We have closed two prisons
• We have reduced our workforce by 3,057 • Budget obligations have been underfunded
o Facility repairso Vehicle replacement
Current Population as of Jan. 24, 2011 is
50,413 Disturbances of 6 or more inmates in 2007
1 every 28 days Disturbances of 6 or more inmates in 2010
1 every 7.6 days
Fiscal Costs – Elements
Annual cost for construction,renovation projects in FY10
$ 21,792,897
Approximate cost of a new prison,Medium security, 2000 bed capacity
$ 100,000,000
Utilities in FY10( gas, electric, water, etc. )
$ 45,016,037
Marion Correctional usesbetween 1,000 and 3,000 gallons of
heated water per minute
Physical plant – Misc. operations We own and operate water and
sewage treatment plants
SOCF Wastewater Treatment Plant Le CI Water Treatment Plant LoCI Water Treatment Plant PCI Water and Wastewater Treatment PlantsRCI Water and Wastewater Treatment PlantsSCI Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants
Physical plant – Misc. operations
EPA Regulations: power plant emissions, asbestos abatement, effluent discharge
Bureau of Underground Storage Tanks: Fuels & solvents for shops
Fire Marshal: safety
inspections and regulations
Staff Cost
55% of budget in FY 10
$ 936,172,244
Security Staff
Cost per inmate per day in FY10 $ 27.74/day
OR
Col’s Public Schools - $14,904OSU, avg tuition per year - $8,800
Annual cost of incarceration, per capita $23,725
49.7% of our inmates are in cells
50.3 % of our inmates are in dormitories
Our most common architectural footprint: Medium Security / dormitories
Each dormitory:2 open bays joined at the center with
130 bunk beds in each, 260 inmates supervised by 2 C/O's
Wages
Correction Officers Pay Range 28, Base Wage is $16.35 per hour
Avg. cost of benefits for C/O’s at base rate is $8.41 per hour
Base + Fringe = Cost to state$24.76/ hr
Relief Factor
State of Ohio 2.0
Private Prisons1.6 – 1.7
Non-Union wages – Base rate for an officer in
Kentucky :$11.22/hrMichigan: $15.38Indiana: $12.58
Inmate support services
Food, supplies and food service payroll
FY 2010 $52,300,983
Clothing - pants and shoes from OPI (Invoices, CY 2010)
Shoes Purchased: 59,938 prs $885,723
Pants Purchased: 65,994 prs $600,093
Medical FY10
$ 225,829,929
The law does not recognize a separate standard of care for prisoners; the community standard of care governs. Their incarceration makes them dependent on the state for all medical care.
Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976).
Lack of good medical care on the street
History of drug and alcohol abuse
One inmate = $9.6 M in one year for blood factor drugs
Mental Health FY10
$ 70,857,081
Medical care and mental health care are the driving issues in California’s “population” case,
Coleman v. Shwarzenegger.
A three judge panel found that California’s DOC is so overcrowded - 195% of capacity - they are unable to
provide the constitutionally required minimum amount of medical and mental health care.
Crowding (195%)
Inability to provide medical & mental healthcare =
Unconstitutional. "Criminogenic."
Reduce the population by approx. 40,000, to 137.5% of capacity.
Education (ABE, GED, some college ) and vocational
$ 23,513,846 FY10 GRF + Grants
Other Services and Needs
VisitingDisabilities
Language barriersNeeds of the Aging Offender
Recreation
Quality of Life and its significance.
Atmosphere, tension, staff control – we are outnumbered.
No one expects prison to be soft –but inmates expect it to be
fair, humane and reasonably safe.
Litigation - filed in 2010
Inmate cases, Court of Claims – 200Inmate Cases, Federal & Other – 152
Employee Cases, Ct. of Claims, Federal & Other – 75
Not many big judgments
Schnetz - $4.4 M for quadriplegic injury in game
of touch football
Indirect Costs
Collateral Consequences for having a number,even upon incarceration for a day
Number of occupations / professions affected by conviction
400+
2 kinds of collateral consequences Discretionary
Automatic
Fiscal impact on family of incarcerating a parentMotherFather
Generational impact
Children of incarcerated fathers expelled or suspended
23%
Other children expelled or suspended 4%
Incarceration negatively affects individual economic prospects
Criminally active peer groups in prison
Parole supervision increases likelihood of re-incarceration
Loss of opportunity for employment, work experience
Loss of job
Working-Age White Men in prison or jail: 1 in 87
Working-Age Hispanic Men in prison or jail: 1 in 36
Working-Age Black Men in prison or jail: 1 in 12
Racial Demographics
Race statewide 12.1%
Race in prison 47.4%
Black Males age 20 to 34 w/o a high school diploma –
Behind bars: 37 %
Employed: 24%
What is the function of incarceration in Ohio?
IncapacitationPunishment / Retribution / Just Desserts
General Social DeterrenceRecidivism Reduction / Rehabilitation
Inmates who will return to the community 95%
Number of inmates released, CY 200926,211
Number of inmates received, CY 200925, 031
Recidivism in Ohio after 3 years
200636.4%
Low – Holmes17.1 %
High – Marion 52.5%
Tools / Instruments to analyze & predict risk of reoffending
Ohio Risk Assessment System
http://www.drc.ohio.gov/