Neoclassical style: 1760s-1850s; Inspired by "classical" art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome;

Emphasis on stark linear design—straight lines—in the depiction of classical themes, such as historical and religious figures, using historically correct settings and costumes.

The Coronation of Emperor Napoleon I - 1801, Jacques-Louis David

Mars Being Disarmed by Venus and the Three Graces – 1824, by Jacques-Louis David

Impressionism: 1867-1886; attempted to accurately and objectively record visual reality in terms of changing effects of light and color.

- Landscapes and still life portraits. Characteristics: brush strokes were thin, yet visible;

emphasis on accurate depiction of light, often accentuating or highlighting the effects of the passage of time and movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience; subjects tended to be common and ordinary and placed at unusual angles.

Painters included: Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Paul Cezanne, and Edouard Manet.

Portrait of Jeanne Duval by Édouard Manet, 1862

Post-impressionism: 1880s-1930s; An extension of Impressionism and a rejection of that style’s attempt to objectively depict what is seen in nature

Painters included: Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec

Parade – Georges Seurat, 1888Pointillism: practice in art of applying small strokes or dots of color to a surface so that from a distance they blend together detail on the right

The Cabaret – George Seurat, 1889

Art Nouveau (new art) : 1890-1920s; A style of decoration, posters, jewelry, furniture and architecture, characterized particularly by the depiction of leaves and flowers in flowing, curvy lines.

It was a deliberate attempt to create a new style that did not try to imitate historical art (such as neoclassical).

Art Nouveau artists: Henri Toulouse Lautrec, Alphonse Mucha, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Antonio Gaudi

Reine de Joie – Henri Toulouse Lautrec, 1887

Bieres de la Meuse – Alphonse Mucha, 1897

Metropolitan subway stations – 1900, by Hector Guimard

Cubism: Emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface; rejected traditional techniques of perspective and modeling and beliefs that art should imitate nature.

Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, color, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in painting and depicted radically fragmented or broken apart objects.

Painters: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Robert Delaunay, Juan Gris

Still Life with Compote and Glass – Picasso, 1914

Ville de Paris – by Robert Delaunay, 1910 Orphism: Cubist paintings that gave priority to color. The movement was named in 1912 by the French poet Guillaume Appolinaire.

Surrealism: 1910s-1940s; produced works of “anti-art” that deliberately defied reason or made no sense on purpose.

Surrealism attempted to join the dream world and everyday rational world in “an absolute reality, a surreality.”

Surrealism was inspired by Dadaism. Its proponents favored group collaboration, spontaneity, and

chance. In rejection of traditional modes of artistic creation, many Dadaists worked in collage, photomontage, and found-object construction, rather than in painting and sculpture

Painters: Jean Arp, Max Ernst, Andre Masson, Rene Magritte, Yves Tanguy, Salvador Dali

Persistence of Memory – 1931, by Salvador Dali

Tears – 1930, by Man Ray

Harlem Renaissance: 1910s-1930s, a blossoming of African American culture that was the most influential movement in African American literary history.

Embracing literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, participants sought to reconceptualize “the Negro” apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other.

They also sought to break free of Victorian moral values and bourgeois shame about aspects of their lives that might, as seen by whites, reinforce racist beliefs

Artists/writers: Langston Hughes, W.E.B DuBois, Louis Armstrong, Josephine Baker

The Weary Blues – 1923, by Langston Hughes

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Josephine Baker – Dancing as Princess TamTam, 1935

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